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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
cerebellum
hypothalamus
amygdala
2
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
3
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
4
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
difference threshold
signal detection theory
5
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
6
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
7
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
8
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
9
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
10
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
11
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
12
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
auditory canal
13
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
14
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
clap their hands
say a sentence
write with a pencil
15
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
16
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
17
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
18
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
19
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
20
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
21
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
22
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
23
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
proactive interference
brain injury
leading questions
24
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
situational
fundamental
25
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
26
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
27
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
28
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
29
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
30
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
31
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
32
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
hearing
touch
33
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
34
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
35
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
36
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
37
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
38
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
standard deviation
correlation coeifficient
a mean that is the same as the median
39
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
40
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
41
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
42
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
43
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
44
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
45
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
46
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
47
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
48
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
49
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
50
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
51
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
52
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
EEG
MRI
PET
53
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
54
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
55
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
56
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
57
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
stepping
rooting
Babinski
58
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
59
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
60
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
anal stage
phallic stage
latency period
61
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
62
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
63
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
64
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
65
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
66
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
67
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
representative assignment
68
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
69
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
70
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
71
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
72
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
73
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
74
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
75
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
76
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
77
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
78
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
79
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
80
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
cones
optic nerve
81
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
82
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
83
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
84
The WISC is a...
personality test
Personality inventory
Intelligence test
none of these
85
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
86
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
87
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
standardization
88
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
89
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
90
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
91
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
92
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
93
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
achievement
projective
triarchic
94
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
95
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
standard deviation
median
mean
96
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
97
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
98
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
99
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
100
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
correlation study
101
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
102
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
103
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
104
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
105
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
106
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
107
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
108
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
superordinate goals
109
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
110
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
111
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
112
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
113
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
114
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
115
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
116
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
sleep spindles and k complexes
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
117
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
118
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
119
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
120
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
121
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
behavioral
122
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
123
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
124
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
planning for the future
125
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
126
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
127
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
culture
family
128
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
129
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
130
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
131
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
health psychology
132
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
133
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
134
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
135
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
136
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
sight
touch
smell
137
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
fovea
retina
138
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
139
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
140
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
141
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
142
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
143
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
conformity
144
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
145
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
146
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
147
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
148
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
149
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
displacement
150
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
151
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
latent learning
modeling
152
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
153
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
154
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
systematic desensitization
155
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
myelin
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
terminal button
156
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
157
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
158
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
159
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
160
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
161
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
situational
dispositional
162
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
163
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum