Which one of the following children clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?

Bart practices the song he will sing in his audition for the school choir

In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?

Immerse in 2nd language, have them hear and speak it in class activities.

What is metacognition?

the ability to think about one's own thoughts.

Three of the following are examples of self-regulation. Which one is not a good example of self-regulation?

A child tries to earn a treat that his teacher offered for good behavior.

Children are motivated in various ways. Which of the following children exhibits intrinsic motivation?

Eli likes science when they learned about dinosaurs, his favorite topic.

Which issue reflects a fundamental difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development?

How much children depend on adult guidance to make cognitive gains

lead to better memory performance.

Becky interrupts other people to finish their sentences. Her conversation partners find this annoying. Becky:

Is violating the sociolinguistic conventions of her culture

Concrete operational thinking allows children to mentally:

combine, separate, order, and transform objects and actions.

Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting semantic development?

Show several examples of new words

Which one of the following children provides the best example of emergent literacy?

4 yrold Ben plays school with his sister, he writes lines of random letters

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

It supports children as they perform difficult tasks.

3 of these strategies are recommended for helping children acquire mathematical concepts and skills. Which one is NOT?

Encourage children to do problems entirely in their heads when possible.

Developmental Scientists' use of the term rehearsal refers to:

self-repetition of material to be remembered.

Children who display a mastery-oriented motivational pattern are:

likely to believe they can do better on tasks if they try harder.

Which teacher demonstrates Piaget’s idea that assimilation & accommodation are necessary in cognitive development?

Mr. C shows BOTH how a topic is similar to things they know AND different

If you were to describe the nature of syntactic development, you would be most likely to say that it involves:

Learning how to put words together into comprehensible sentences

Schooling improves cognitive performance by:

All of the answers are correct.

Which one of the following teachers is most likely to promote intrinsic motivation in his or her students?

Ms. T describes historic events so vividly that her students are captivated

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?

Dax checks his knowledge after each chapter he studies.

3 of these are influential in young children’s forming 1 or more secure attachments. Which is least important?

Presence of the same caregiver throughout the day

Which is consistent with children’s mathematical development?

Make sure that children know WHY procedures work as well as HOW to use them

Motivation is defined as:

the ability to try hard and persist facing difficulties.

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HDF 201 Quizzam 2 Review

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Questions 35

Answers

1
Which one of the following children clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?
Bart practices the song he will sing in his audition for the school choir
Ann persists when she hits a hard math problem
Christina always does more than her teacher requires
Devon is bored by easy assignments
2
Which one of the following students is most likely to have trouble learning in a noisy classroom?
a sixth grader
a third grader
a first grader
a tenth grader
3
In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?
Teach by age 5- after that they lose the ability to learn a 2nd language
Wait until adolescence so that they can grasp the new language.
Immerse in 2nd language, have them hear and speak it in class activities.
Talk with native speakers of the language, and alternate between languages
4
What is metacognition?
knowledge about the process of memory.
the combination of attention, memory, and planning
a hypothesis that explains cognitive development.
the ability to think about one's own thoughts.
5
Informal learning is unique in that it
Only happens in specific places
Targets academic achievement
Involves testing
Is self-guided
6
Three of the following are examples of self-regulation. Which one is not a good example of self-regulation?
A child reminds herself in a whisper to raise her hand before talking
A child tries to earn a treat that his teacher offered for good behavior.
Jax tracks the # of times he sharpens his pencil so he doesn't go too much.
A child thinks, I paid attention in math today. I’m going to reward myself
7
Children are motivated in various ways. Which of the following children exhibits intrinsic motivation?
Eli likes science when they learned about dinosaurs, his favorite topic.
Meg can't wait to get her brand new clarinet.
Cal is excited he made good grades because he gets a skateboard as a reward
Aubrey likes English class because she sits next to her best friend
8
Memory changes in middle childhood are brought about by all of the following EXCEPT:
the acquisition of strategies for remembering.
increases in intelligence.
an increase in the child's knowledge base.
an increase in the speed and capacity of working memory.
9
Which issue reflects a fundamental difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development?
Whether social interactions are important for cognitive development
Whether challenging tasks promote cognitive development
How much children depend on adult guidance to make cognitive gains
Whether or not children construct their own understanding of the world
10
Memory strategies:
are rarely seen until adolescence.
are too complex for use by preschool age children.
lead to better memory performance.
are unplanned activities that occur spontaneously.
11
Becky interrupts other people to finish their sentences. Her conversation partners find this annoying. Becky:
Is violating the sociolinguistic conventions of her culture
Shows less syntactic development than her peers
Lacks metalinguistic awareness
Isinvading her partners’ personal space
12
Which one of the following is typically not used with English language learners?
Bilingual education
Foreign language instruction
Dual Language Programs
English immersion programs
13
In middle childhood children begin to form cognitive representations to achieve a goal. This can now be seen in their
elaboration.
planning.
selective attention.
metacognition.
14
Concrete operational thinking allows children to mentally:
direct action toward abstract concepts.
represent events from the past.
combine, separate, order, and transform objects and actions.
form conceptual categories.
15
Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting semantic development?
Allow kids to make up their own word meanings to encourage creativity
Let young kids to use words incorrectly to promote linguistic self-efficacy
Show several examples of new words
Encourage underextension in the preschool years
16
"Take a minute to summarize what you've learned... and the progress you made." What type of goal is being encouraged?
Social goals
Performance-approach goals
Performance-avoidance goals
Mastery goals
17
Which of these is NOT considered an Executive Function (EF)
Working Memory
Cognitive Flexibility
Inhibitory Control
grit
18
Which one of the following children provides the best example of emergent literacy?
6 yr old Yaz understands rules of phonics but not how to spell hard words
4 yrold Ben plays school with his sister, he writes lines of random letters
2 yr old Torina tears pages out of a phone book before her parents notice
5 yr old Dasia can already read storybooks independently
19
Executive function has been found to be important to:
academic success.
physical health.
emotional health.
sibling relationships.
20
From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?
It supports children as they perform difficult tasks.
It gives children an idea of what they need to do to get good grades.
It keeps school tasks within children’s actual developmental levels.
It lets children learn by watching one another.
21
3 of these strategies are recommended for helping children acquire mathematical concepts and skills. Which one is NOT?
Encourage children to do problems entirely in their heads when possible.
Illustrate abstract procedures with concrete objects.
Encourage children to use their fingers if they find that this helps them
Encourage children to invent their own strategies for solving problems.
22
Developmental Scientists' use of the term rehearsal refers to:
the way preschoolers repeatedly perform the same actions.
self-repetition of material to be remembered.
the ability to follow complex directions.
the role-playing games preschoolers play.
23
Children who display a mastery-oriented motivational pattern are:
highly intelligent.
likely to give up when they begin failing at a task.
likely to avoid difficult tasks.
likely to believe they can do better on tasks if they try harder.
24
Which of the following is NOT a concept described by Piaget?
Scheme
Assimilation
Zone of proximal development
Accommodation
25
Which teacher demonstrates Piaget’s idea that assimilation & accommodation are necessary in cognitive development?
Mr. C shows BOTH how a topic is similar to things they know AND different
Ms. D uses drill & practice, asking students to work faster each time
Mr. A presents new topics each day, so novelty keeps students interested
Ms. B makes sure students have learned a topic very, well before moving on
26
Children can repeat randomly presented items (numbers, words) immediately after the items are presented, called:
a good test of conservation ability.
their memory span.
about four.
their knowledge base.
27
If you were to describe the nature of syntactic development, you would be most likely to say that it involves:
The ability to make discriminations among very similar-sounding words
Developing a largevocabulary
Learning how to put words together into comprehensible sentences
Understanding the socialcustoms that surround language use in one’s culture
28
Schooling improves cognitive performance by:
teaching information-processing strategies.
changing children's overall life situations.
All of the answers are correct.
increasing the knowledge base.
29
Which one of the following teachers is most likely to promote intrinsic motivation in his or her students?
Mr. Q sends "good news letters" home when students have an A or B
Mr. X promises his students free time on Friday if they finish their work.
Ms. C tells her students that she is disappointed in their math scores.
Ms. T describes historic events so vividly that her students are captivated
30
In informal learning settings, children learn from interactions with family and caregivers because:
Family know how to make associations to a child’s past experiences
Family can talk to the children in a familiar way
Both
Neither
31
Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?
Andrea is studying for a spelling test. They write each word five times .
Betsy stays up late cramming for a geography test.
Dolly is taking the SATs. She checks out a prep. book & reads it.
Dax checks his knowledge after each chapter he studies.
32
3 of these are influential in young children’s forming 1 or more secure attachments. Which is least important?
Consistency in responding to children’s needs
Presence of the same caregiver throughout the day
Frequent expressions of affection
Adults’ willingness to let children sometimes take the lead in interactions
33
Which is consistent with children’s mathematical development?
Make sure children acquire formal operations before they solve problems
Have kids use procedures in isolation before apply to real-life situations
Make sure that children know WHY procedures work as well as HOW to use them
Teach tricks such as- When you see the word less in a problem, you subtract
34
Motivation is defined as:
arousal or energy mobilization.
the ability to try hard and persist facing difficulties.
the basic human drive to control the environment.
seeking the equilibrium rather than personal growth.
35
By increasing the distance between pennies, Joe says there are more pennies. Joe is exhibiting
reversibility.
compensation.
conservation of number.
failure to conserve number.

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