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Research Methods
Research Methods
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1
A null hypothesis...
A direct prediction
Predicts no effect
A prediction that does not specify or obviously predict the result
...is always required by an analyst
2
What is internal validity?
not a clue
the extent to which IV has had an effect on the DV
the extent to which the results can be generalised to the wider population
how consistent the results of the study are
3
Select a weakness for a field experiment...
Low internal validity
Higher ecological validity
Do not always have informed consent
Harder to control extraneous variables
4
You want to test a new drug that prevents sneezing in people allergic to grass. The amount of sneezes is the...
Dependent variable
Independent variable
5
A standardized procedure will give us higher control over extraneous variables?
False
True
6
What types of extraneous variables are there?
Experimenter effects, demand characteristics, situational
Experimenter effects, participant, demand characteristics and situational
Demand characteristics
Participant and situation
7
In an experiment to test how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of radishes. Is the amount of sunlight the...
Dependent variable
Indepedent variable
8
Define an independent variable...
The thing we measure in an experiment (effect)
The name of one of Pavlov's dogs
The thing/s we change (cause)
The most important part of a study
9
A florist wants to see if plant food will extend the life of cut flowers. The plant food is the...
Dependent variable
Independent variable
10
What procedure is used to put participants into conditions by chance?
counter balancing
randomisation
Random allocation
Random sampling
11
Give one advantage of a lab experiment
Demand characteristics
High ecological validity (wider population)
Higher control
Low ecological validity (wider population)
12
Experimenters manipulate the independent variable in field experiments
False
True
13
In what way could a researcher increase reliability of a study?
Single blind procedure
Mundane realism
Use a natural experiment
Test and retest!
14
In a test that looks at vitamins extending a person's life-expectancy, the life expectancy is the...
Independent variable
Dependent variable
15
Select a strength of a lab study...
Low internal validity
High internal validity
Easy to replicate
Less time consuming
16
A directional hypothesis is...
A prediction of no effect
Another word for literature review
A direct prediction based on previous research
A prediction that does not specify or obviously predict the result
17
Lab experiments...
Are experiments in a natural environment
Have low internal validity
Are experiments conducted under highly controlled conditions
Are tests carried out by your doctor
18
Lab experiments always take place in a laboratory
False
True
19
Why do researchers replicate studies?
To improve reliability
To improve internal validity
They're bored
To decrease their work load
20
Which of these are not a ethical consideration?
Withdrawal
Debrief
Anonymity
Consent
21
Non-experimental methods are...
independent groups, repeated measures & matched pairs
Interviews, observations, questionnaires, case studies
Lab, field & natural experiments
Overt and overt observations
22
Define a dependent variable...
The Null
The Stroop Effect
The thing we measure in an experiment (effect)
The thing/s we change (cause)
23
When should you debrief a participant?
At the start
You dont need to do it
As soon as the study is over
During the study
24
A field experiment is...
a standardized controlled experiment
are carried out in everyday (i.e. real life) environments
an experiment with high internal validity
a school trip
25
A non-directional hypothesis is...
A prediction that does not specify or obviously predict the result
A prediction of no effect
The thing we measure in an experiment (effect)
A direct prediction based on previous research
26
What is researcher bias?
When the researchers own opinion has an influence on participants
When the researcher helps participants cheat
A generalisation
An order effect
27
Matched pairs is...
When participants take part in both conditions
When participants are twinnies
Different participants used in each condition of the study
When participants are matched on key variables
