How is virtual memory used in a computer?

To extend RAM onto the hard drive when RAM is full.

Why is virtual memory considered slower than RAM?

It relies on the hard drive, which is slower than RAM.

How do digital cameras capture images?

By converting light into digital signals using a sensor.

What technology do resistive touchscreens use to detect touch?

Pressure sensitivity between layers completes a circuit.

What is one function of the modem in a home network?

Connects the local network to the internet

How do data packets navigate through a network?

They may take different routes through the network

How do speakers convert digital data into sound?

Through a Digital-to-Analog Converter & an amplifier.

How does an optical mouse detect movement?

Analyse reflected images by shining light onto a surface.

What is the primary function of sensors in technology?

To measure physical properties from the environment.

What advantage do LED screens have over fluorescent-backlit LCD screens?

Sharper image and more vivid colours.

How do multiple cores within a CPU affect its ability to perform tasks?

Enable parallel processing, improving efficiency with multiple tasks.

What is the role of RAM in a computer?

To store programs and data that are currently in use.

What is a key feature of QR codes scanned by smartphones?

They can contain links to websites or information.

What advantage does a multi-core CPU have over a single-core CPU?

Can execute multiple instructions simultaneously.

What are the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4?

Increased address space and improved security.

What is secondary storage primarily used for?

To provide permanent storage of data.

In the Von Neumann architecture, what is stored together in the same memory?

Program instructions and the data the programs use.

What advantage does piezoelectric crystal technology offer in inkjet printers?

It allows very precise control of ink droplet size.

What is a primary concern with cloud storage privacy?

External company manages control over data security.

What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC) in the CPU?

Holds the address of the next instruction to execute.

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for which operations?

Performing arithmetic operations & logical operations.

What role do proximity sensors play in automobiles?

They assist in safe parking by detecting nearby objects.

How does the data bus contribute to system operations?

Carries actual data between the CPU & other components.

How does a thermal bubble inkjet printer work?

Heating ink to create a bubble propels ink onto the paper.

What directly impacts a CPU's performance?

Clock speed, number of cores, cache size.

What technology do LCD screens use to display images?

Liquid crystals to manipulate light

What does the first half of a MAC address represent?

The manufacturer's identification number.

What characterises an embedded system?

System designed for specific control functions within a larger system.

How does optical storage, like CDs and DVDs, read data?

Laser beams interpreting pits and lands.

How is an IPv6 address structured?

As eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.

What limitation is associated with IPv4 addresses?

There aren't enough addresses for all devices.

What best defines cloud storage?

Company-provided remote storage accessed over the Internet.

How do IP addresses function in a network?

Identify devices uniquely on a network

How do embedded systems differ from general-purpose computers?

Designed for specific tasks, unable to install new software.

What sets laser printers apart from inkjet printers?

They use toner and static electricity to transfer images to paper.

What primary function do scanners serve in digital imaging?

To convert physical documents & images into digital format.

Why might cloud storage not be suitable for large files needing quick access?

Due to potential delays in downloading or uploading large files.

What is the function of a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer?

Connects the device to a network

How do DLP projectors create images?

Using micro-mirrors and a light source.

What advantage does a 3D scanner offer over traditional imaging devices?

Enables converting physical objects into 3D digital models.

Which feature is unique to cloud storage compared to local storage?

Synchronisation of devices with the cloud storage.

How does DHCP contribute to network management?

Assigns IP addresses to devices

What is the primary purpose of a MAC address?

To uniquely identify network hardware devices.

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iGCSE Topic 3

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Questions 83

Answers

1
How is virtual memory used in a computer?
To increase the processing speed of the CPU.
As the primary method of data storage.
As a permanent storage for user data.
To extend RAM onto the hard drive when RAM is full.
2
Why is virtual memory considered slower than RAM?
It has a faster data transfer rate.
It uses a more complex encryption method.
It relies on the hard drive, which is slower than RAM.
Virtual memory is not slower; it's faster than RAM.
3
How do digital cameras capture images?
By converting light into digital signals using a sensor.
Through inkjet printing techniques.
By scanning documents.
By projecting images onto surfaces.
4
What technology do resistive touchscreens use to detect touch?
Sound waves.
Pressure sensitivity between layers completes a circuit.
Magnetic fields.
Heat sensitivity.
5
What is one function of the modem in a home network?
Acts as a firewall.
Connects the local network to the internet
Provides additional RAM.
Serves as a backup storage.
6
How do data packets navigate through a network?
Through direct line-of-sight transmission.
By following a single, predetermined path.
They may take different routes through the network
By remaining static in the network.
7
How do speakers convert digital data into sound?
Through cloud processing.
By directly interpreting binary code.
Using solid-state drives.
Through a Digital-to-Analog Converter & an amplifier.
8
How does an optical mouse detect movement?
Using GPS to track its position.
By rolling a ball on a surface.
Analyse reflected images by shining light onto a surface.
Through sound waves.
9
What is the primary function of sensors in technology?
To enhance device battery life.
To improve device aesthetics.
To increase device storage capacity.
To measure physical properties from the environment.
10
What advantage do LED screens have over fluorescent-backlit LCD screens?
Sharper image and more vivid colours.
They use more power.
LED screens have a shorter lifespan.
They are heavier and larger.
11
How do multiple cores within a CPU affect its ability to perform tasks?
They reduce the overall clock speed.
Limit the CPU to single-task operations.
Enable parallel processing, improving efficiency with multiple tasks.
Decrease the efficiency of cache memory.
12
What is the role of RAM in a computer?
To store the computer's BIOS settings.
To act as external storage.
To permanently store system firmware.
To store programs and data that are currently in use.
13
What is a key feature of QR codes scanned by smartphones?
They can only store numeric data.
They are only readable by laser scanners.
They can contain links to websites or information.
They require a physical connection to be read.
14
Which of the following is an example of an input device?
Speakers
Monitor
Keyboard
Printer
15
What advantage does a multi-core CPU have over a single-core CPU?
Can execute multiple instructions simultaneously.
Consumes less energy.
Only increases the system's boot time.
Decreases the CPU's clock speed.
16
What are the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4?
Compatibility with older hardware.
Smaller address space.
Easier to remember addresses.
Increased address space and improved security.
17
What is secondary storage primarily used for?
To store data only while the computer is powered on.
To enhance the processing speed of the CPU.
To temporarily store data for processing.
To provide permanent storage of data.
18
In the Von Neumann architecture, what is stored together in the same memory?
Program instructions and the data the programs use.
The output data before it is sent to the output devices.
The addresses of the next instructions.
Only the data to be processed.
19
What advantage does piezoelectric crystal technology offer in inkjet printers?
It uses thermal inkjet technology.
It produces larger ink droplets for faster printing.
It is cheaper to manufacture.
It allows very precise control of ink droplet size.
20
What is a primary concern with cloud storage privacy?
User encryption is not possible.
Data is always public.
External company manages control over data security.
Local storage is inherently less secure.
21
What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC) in the CPU?
Holds the memory address of data.
Holds the address of the next instruction to execute.
Accumulates results of arithmetic operations.
Stores the current instruction being executed.
22
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for which operations?
Performing arithmetic operations & logical operations.
Coordinating CPU activities.
Holding the address of the next instruction.
Storing program instructions.
23
What role do proximity sensors play in automobiles?
They control the vehicle's speed.
They play music when objects are near.
They assist in safe parking by detecting nearby objects.
They change the oil.
24
How does the data bus contribute to system operations?
Specifies the memory addresses for data storage.
Controls the fan speed inside the CPU.
Determines the clock speed of the CPU.
Carries actual data between the CPU & other components.
25
How does a thermal bubble inkjet printer work?
Using static electricity to draw ink out.
Vibrating to push ink through nozzles.
Applying pressure to the ink cartridge.
Heating ink to create a bubble propels ink onto the paper.
26
What advantage do SSDs have over HDDs?
Cheaper cost per gigabyte.
Faster read/write speeds.
Lower storage capacity.
More moving parts.
27
What type of IP address changes each time a device connects to the internet?
Static IP address.
Dynamic IP address.
MAC address.
Local IP address.
28
What directly impacts a CPU's performance?
Size of the hard drive.
Colour depth of the monitor.
Sound card quality.
Clock speed, number of cores, cache size.
29
What is stored in ROM?
Temporary user data and documents.
The bootstrap loader and BIOS.
Virtual memory files.
The operating system and all installed applications.
30
What technology do LCD screens use to display images?
Plasma cells.
Liquid crystals to manipulate light
Ink cartridges.
Mechanical shutters.
31
What are common types of secondary storage?
Cache and Registers.
RAM and ROM.
HDD, SSD, and Optical Disks.
CPU and GPU.
32
What does the first half of a MAC address represent?
The manufacturer's identification number.
The device serial number.
The device's location code.
The network configuration settings.
33
What characterises an embedded system?
A system that can be easily modified.
It is primarily used for data analysis.
It can run multiple operating systems.
System designed for specific control functions within a larger system.
34
How does optical storage, like CDs and DVDs, read data?
Laser beams interpreting pits and lands.
Physical contact with a read/write head.
Magnetic fields.
Electrical impulses.
35
How is an IPv6 address structured?
As eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.
Using dots to separate each octet.
As a single long number.
In binary form.
36
What limitation is associated with IPv4 addresses?
They are only used in private networks.
hey are too long to remember.
They support too many devices.
There aren't enough addresses for all devices.
37
What best defines cloud storage?
Company-provided remote storage accessed over the Internet.
The use of USB drives for data storage.
A physical storage device located on-premises.
A method of storing data on local servers only.
38
How do IP addresses function in a network?
Increase data transfer speed.
Reduce data packet size.
Identify devices uniquely on a network
Encrypt data packets.
39
How do embedded systems differ from general-purpose computers?
They have higher CPU speeds.
Designed for specific tasks, unable to install new software.
They allow for extensive software installations.
They are primarily used for data storage.
40
What sets laser printers apart from inkjet printers?
They utilize screen printing technology.
They print using wet ink.
They use toner and static electricity to transfer images to paper.
They are primarily used for 3D printing.
41
Which of the following is an example of an embedded system in a car?
A paint job.
The type of fuel it uses.
The car's brand logo.
Cruise control.
42
What primary function do scanners serve in digital imaging?
To store physical documents.
To enhance the resolution of printed images.
To display images on a screen.
To convert physical documents & images into digital format.
43
Why might cloud storage not be suitable for large files needing quick access?
Due to potential delays in downloading or uploading large files.
Cloud storage offers faster access than local storage.
Cloud services do not support large files.
Large files are automatically compressed.
44
What is the function of a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer?
Amplifies the signal strength.
Connects the device to a network
Converts digital signals to analog.
Stores data for short-term access.
45
How do DLP projectors create images?
Using micro-mirrors and a light source.
Using liquid crystals.
Through laser etching.
By burning images onto a screen.
46
What advantage does a 3D scanner offer over traditional imaging devices?
It uses less power.
It is more compact and portable.
It can print images.
Enables converting physical objects into 3D digital models.
47
Which feature is unique to cloud storage compared to local storage?
Limited access to stored data.
A lack of data redundancy.
Synchronisation of devices with the cloud storage.
Data is stored on internal hard drives.
48
How does DHCP contribute to network management?
Assigns IP addresses to devices
Encrypts network traffic.
Manages the storage of files.
Filters harmful data packets.
49
What is the primary purpose of a MAC address?
To uniquely identify network hardware devices.
To provide a physical address for the device manufacturer.
To encrypt data transmissions.
To allocate dynamic IP addresses.
50
How are MAC addresses represented?
As decimal numbers.
As binary numbers.
As simple numeric sequences.
As hexadecimal digits
51
What is essential for a device like a tablet to connect to the Internet?
HDMI Cable
Ethernet Cable
Network Interface Card (NIC)
USB Port
52
What are the main types of technologies used in inkjet printers?
Thermal bubble and piezoelectric crystal
Dot matrix and screen printing.
Laser and thermal.
3D printing and digital.
53
What role does the Control Unit (CU) play in the CPU?
Coordinates & controls the activities within the CPU.
Stores temporary arithmetic and logic results.
Holds the address of the next instruction.
Performs arithmetic and logic operations.
54
What are the two major components of the CPU?
Control Unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit
Cache and Registers.
Hard Drive and Motherboard.
RAM and ROM.
55
How does cache size influence CPU performance?
Reduces the number of cores needed.
Larger cache size slows down the CPU.
Larger cache speeds up data access, enhancing performance.
Increases the need for external storage.
56
How do barcode scanners work?
By capturing and analysing photographs.
By emitting a sound wave.
Through thermal imaging.
Decode information by reading the visual pattern of bars & spaces.
57
How do capacitive touchscreens detect user input?
By detecting pressure.
By measuring temperature changes.
Using infrared beams.
Through changes in the electrical field caused by touch.
58
How does magnetic storage, such as HDDs, store data?
By altering the state of liquid crystals.
Using pits and lands on a disc surface.
Through magnetic encoding on platters.
By storing data in integrated circuits.
59
What is the primary purpose of an instruction set in a CPU?
To define all possible instructions the CPU can execute.
To enhance the graphical performance of the computer.
To manage the computer's operating system.
To increase the CPU's clock speed.
60
How does increasing the CPU's clock speed affect its performance?
Increases the speed at which it processes instructions.
Reduces the overall system performance.
Increases the data storage capacity.
Decreases power consumption.
61
What role does the control bus play in the CPU's operation?
It increases the CPU's clock speed.
Directs signals between CPU & components to coordinate operations.
It stores data temporarily.
It reduces power consumption by the CPU.
62
In assembly language, what are opcodes and operands used for?
To define the CPU's architecture.
To increase data storage.
Opcodes indicate instructions, operands are the data they work on.
To cool the CPU.
63
What role do actuators play in output devices?
They store data for output devices.
They move or control mechanisms or systems.
They process digital data.
They cool down output devices.
64
What is the primary function of input devices in a computer system?
To process data within the computer.
To store data for long-term retrieval.
To output data from the computer to the user.
Transfer data from the external world to the computer.
65
Which of these is an example of an output device?
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
Scanner
66
Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary storage?
Limited storage capacity.
Direct access by the CPU.
Non-volatility.
Volatility.
67
How do infrared sensors contribute to home security systems?
By cooling the environment.
By painting walls.
By increasing Wi-Fi signals.
By detecting motion through heat signatures.
68
What device provides wireless access to a network?
Modem
Router with a Wireless Access Point
Switch
Network Bridge
69
What distinguishes 3D scanners from 2D scanners?
There is no difference; both terms are interchangeable.
3D scanners capture object shape & dimensions for digital modeling.
3D scanners are used exclusively for document scanning.
2D scanners can capture depth information.
70
Which register holds the memory address of the current instruction or the data to be used?
Program Counter (PC).
Current Instruction Register (CIR).
Memory Address Register (MAR).
Accumulator (ACC).
71
What advantage do capacitive touchscreens have over resistive touchscreens?
They use less power.
They are cheaper to manufacture.
They can detect pressure levels.
They support multi-touch gestures
72
What does storage redundancy in cloud storage imply?
Files are stored without backup.
Multiple copies of files are stored in different locations.
Files are temporarily stored.
A single copy of files is stored.
73
What is the function of the Accumulator (ACC) in the CPU?
Decodes the fetched instruction.
Stores the address of the next instruction.
Stores instruction results before transferring to memory.
Holds the memory address of the current instruction.
74
How do moisture sensors benefit agriculture?
By changing the soil color.
By playing music to plants.
By detecting pests in the soil.
By monitoring soil dampness to control irrigation.
75
What is the function of the address bus in a computer system?
Carries data between the CPU and RAM.
Transfers control signals.
Supplies power to the CPU.
Specifies memory locations (addresses) for data transfer.
76
What is a unique feature of LED screens compared to LCD screens?
LED screens use light-emitting diodes for backlighting.
LED screens are primarily used for text display.
LED screens can only display black and white images.
LED screens do not use electricity.
77
What is the primary purpose of output devices?
To input data into a computer.
To store data for future use.
To enhance the computational speed of a computer.
To convert data into a human-perceptible form.
78
How do 3D printers create objects?
Through high-speed impact printing.
By burning images onto surfaces.
Using inkjet technology on paper.
By layering material to build objects from a digital model.
79
How does cloud storage offer advantages in terms of management?
Requires frequent manual updates by the user.
Cloud storage provider manages storage with redundancy & scalability.
Decreases storage availability over time.
Users must manage and maintain the storage hardware.
80
What does the Memory Data Register (MDR) do?
Holds the actual instruction or the data fetched from memory.
Decodes the current instruction.
Contains the address of the next instruction.
Holds the result of arithmetic operations.
81
What distinguishes RAM from ROM?
RAM is volatile; ROM is non-volatile.
ROM can store more data than RAM.
RAM is used for external storage.
RAM is non-volatile; ROM is volatile.
82
What language do CPUs use to execute instructions?
High-level programming languages.
Machine code or assembly language.
Python.
Java.
83
In what way do QR codes enhance user experience compared to traditional barcodes?
Store more data and easily scanned with mobile devices.
They can only be printed on paper.
They are more expensive to produce.
They are less secure.

iGCSE Topic 3 Flashcards | StudBud