HIST 1020 Exam 2 pt. 1

schools that taught the QURAN, law, and natural sciences; part of the ottoman culture

temperatures only dropped a few degrees (on average) during the little ice age

the Ottoman Empire was politically and ethically ___

meaning a king or emperor

a theater practice of a rougher type, more associated with urban merchants & artisans. Combined music & lavish visuals

Country's wealth & power were best maintained by accumulating gold & silver & maintaining a favorable balance of trade

Islamic Empire in the Indian subcontinent; generally tolerant of non-muslims, although they sometimes had to pay a tax

Constantinople was on ______

____ were landholding elites and government was run by Samuri; regional lords, landowners

graduates of madrasas typically became part of a class of legal and religious scholars known as ____

THIS URBAN CULTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT AND PLEASURE CAME TO BE CALLED ____, "the floating world"

Islam is not and never has been

Adam Smith argued for FREE-MARKET principles with the “invisible hand” analogy, and the efficiency of ___

Scottish thinker had immense impact on ECONOMIC thought, and still does

a mystical sect of islam, aka tasawwuf; typically sunni, not overly logistic but do abide by islamic law

Who was the fall of Constantinople under?

who built the Taj Mahal?

female entertainers, typically entertaining male clients, w storytelling & music on the 3-stringed SHAMISE

FATHER OF CLASSICAL LIBERALISM, the idea that ALL PEOPLE HAVE RIGHTS THAT GOVERNMENTS ARE OBLIGATED NOT TO VIOLATE.

A trade system ensuring ethical treatment of producers, fair wages, and sustainable practices.

“the way of the gods;”traditional Japanese religion centered w worship of spirits associatd w natural location/activity

All of the following are scientific theories of human and biological causes (Anthropocene)of the little ice age, except:

What was the definite conquest of the Ottoman Turks?

The head of Tokugawa Shogunate was the

non-Muslim living in Muslim lands or empires

Constantinople's location was important because it connected ___ & ___

John Lockes ____ idea: government exists at the pleasure of the PEOPLE and exists specifically to protect those rights

who wrote The Wealth of Nations

religious expression of sufism:a lifestyle of self-discipline, renunciation of worldly pleasures, and devotion to spirit

Together, Topkapi Place & Sulemaniye Mosque represent the supreme importance of ___ and the power and glory of the ___

after the war, Mehmed renamed Constantinople: ______, which remains the largest and most important city in Turkey

Ottoman sultan who presided over the initial expansion of the ottoman empire

A period of slight but significant cooling in the North Atlantic region and into Eurasia; lasted 600+ years

A tax on non-Muslim living in Muslim lands or empires

Deism is the belief that a higher power or God created the universe but does not interfere with it or human affairs

Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane ____ among the dhimmacommunity to pay the jizya

Adam Smith OPPOSED slavery

British adventurer that helped aid Arabs from rule of ottoman empire

Ottoman Empire pushed into Europe and tried to siege ___ but was ultimately repelled due to logistical challenges

a class of bureaucrats descended from a warrior class

one of the most famous mosques in Istanbul, built during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent & designed by Mimar Sinan

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE also hit the Ottoman Empire hard for all of the following reasons except:

when human activities have significantly impacted the planet’s climate, ecosystems, and geology

They determined this through

Unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries, with minimal government intervention

who wrote "Doubt is an unpleasant condition, butcertainty is absurd"

Town built by Akbar which combined Persian, Indian, and Ottoman elements

Primary residence of Ottoman sultans & the political & administrative center of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 400 years

All of the following were Enlightenment legacies except:

Mehmed amassed a huge army of muslim soldiers by portraying the conquest as a _____ and promising rewards

Sulemaniye Mosque was built next to the ____, a centuries old Roman Catholic cathedral in Istanbul

After the Ottoman Empire fell, ___ began building a more Western-style republic in Turkey

All were ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS except

A warlord-type government in Japan ruled by the TOKUGAWA CLAN(extended family)

Argued that knowledge could only be verified through the formulation and testing of HYPOTHESES

practiced TASAWWUF; emphasized inner, spiritual dimension of Islam 2 go along w the more tangible practices of religion

masked theater enjoyed by Tokugawa elites such as SAMUR and DAIMYOS

Who presided over the height of the Ottoman Empire?

the enlightenment legacy is mixed and debated

THE SEVERE, CONSERVATIVE ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS OF the 18th and 19th CENTURIES

The Ottoman Empire centered in ___ (modern turkey)

presided over the height of Mughal culture, and was curious about other cultures and religions

The new ruler of Turkey, which was now a more conservativeIslamic government

Enlightenment thinkers in France were called _, based on the classical term 4 the study of being & knowledge(PHILOSOPHY)

Sometimes the jizya would be suspended, lowered, raised due to political necessity or compromise

Shan Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a tomb in honor of his wife ____

DEIST; believed in God but not the literal, God of the Bible; Argued for TRUE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE in society

Developed laws of motion; principles of MODERN PHYSICS, including GRAVITY; invented calculus; understanding of optics

Taj Mahal features Arabic inscriptions of Quranic verses but is primarily reflective of Persian & Indian architect

Enlightenment science built on the work earlier European scientists who contradict the church: ____ & ____

Newton was an atheist

Copernicus & Galileo determined that our solar system was __ (the earth & other planets revolve around the sun)