What is one problem natural law promises to solve

Why morality is unique to humans

human nature as animal nature is problematic because

animals do things that are immoral for humans

an argument is valid when

if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.

Which of the following are problems for human nature as what all humans have in common?

there may be no universal human trait

If psychological egoism is true, then why can’t it be our duty to be altruistic?

altruism is impossible and we aren’t required to do it

If all of our actions are motivated by our strongest desire, then

PE is true only if all of our s-desires are for selfinterest

The fact that ethical egoism requires actions that seem to be paradigm cases of immorality.

accept ethical egoism only if good arguments

an argument is invalid when

The premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion

An example of a conceptual truth

Either God exists or God doesn't exist

a direct desire to benefit others for their own sake.

Natural law theory states

actions are right because they are natural

If natural is the same as innate, then

the nature/nurture debate precedes knowing right/wrong

The conceptions of human nature are

innate, animal, and what's all common

What is ethical egoism?

actions are morally right because they promote self-interest

According to natural law theory, an action is right if and only if

it is in accordance with human nature

Human nature is natural purpose means

what we are designed to be and do

The best argument for ethical egoism states that

if there is reason to do something, must make you better off

is one possible source of support for ethical egoism

An alternative thesis to Divine command theory is

Morally required if God commands it

Agnosticism is the view that...

We don't know whether God exists

Psychological egoism is the theory that

everything people do is motivated by self-interest.

Divine Command Theory says

RIght and wrong bc God commands it

The Divine Perfection Argument claims that

If DCT, then God could create morality with murder/rape.

Argument for God's creation of morality concludes

God is the author of the moral law

According to the text, what’s wrong with the best argument for ethical egoism

we have reason to do things that will gain us nothing

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Ethics test 2 review

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Review of morality and religion, natural law, psychological egoism, and ethical egoism

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Questions 50

Answers

1
What is one problem natural law promises to solve
Why God commands morality
Why morality is unique to humans
(1) and (4)
That God exists
2
innate traits are
traits that society imposes on us
traits we learn
traits we are born with
none of the above
3
Which of the following is an assumption about morality and religion
(1) and (2)
Religious belief is needed to be a good person
Morality must be created by God
Religious belief is needed for motivation
4
human nature as animal nature is problematic because
there is no problem
animals do things that are immoral for humans
neither (1) or (2)
We learn what is moral from animals
5
teleology means
what is natural
goal, end, or purpose
knowledge
what is right or wrong
6
an argument is valid when
if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
if it makes sense
it has true premises
the premises are true and the conclusion is false
7
Which of the following are problems for human nature as what all humans have in common?
(1) and (2)
Human nature is innate
there may be no universal human trait
We don't know what is right or wrong
8
Socrates poses the question in the Euthyphro
Are actions good bc God loves them?
What is knowledge?
(2) and (3)
Does God love actions bc they are good?
9
Theism is the view that...
God created the world and left it alone.
We don't know whether God exists
God does not exist
God does exist
10
If psychological egoism is true, then why can’t it be our duty to be altruistic?
altruism is impossible and we aren’t required to do it
PE says an act is right just in case it is self-interested
All of the above
acting altruistically doesn’t make us better off
11
Which of the following are premises in Hume's Argument?
Moral truths are neither conceptual or empirical
(2) and (3)
We can have no moral knowledge
We can only know conceptual or empirical truths
12
If libertarianism is true, then
this provides some weak evidence against ethical egoism
ethical egoism is probably true.
ethical egoism is correct
ethical egoism is false
13
If my shirt is blue, then I am sad. I am not sad. So, my shirt isn't blue.
Valid but unsound
Invalid and unsound
Invalid
Sound
14
If God is moral guide, then non-religious
Need moral guidance elsewhere
All of the above
God may exist but not offer guidance
They may be right to do so
15
If all of our actions are motivated by our strongest desire, then
psychological egoism is proven correct
PE is true only if all of our s-desires are for selfinterest
psychological egoism is refuted
all action is strictly conscientious action
16
The fact that ethical egoism requires actions that seem to be paradigm cases of immorality.
proves that the theory is false
accept ethical egoism only if good arguments
accept conventional morality only if good arguments
our conventional ideas about morality are mistaken
17
an argument is invalid when
none of the above
the premises are false and the conclusion is false
The premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
the premises are false
18
The story of the Ring of Gyges suggests people tend to behave
selfishly
in ways that are spontaneous and creative.
more kindly and less competitively.
(1) and (2)
19
An example of a conceptual truth
none of the above
Either God exists or God doesn't exist
This apple is red
Gravity is -9.8m/s2
20
Altruism is
any action that benefits others.
a direct desire to benefit others for their own sake.
a desire to benefit others in order to further our own ends.
all of the above
21
According to libertarianism, all of our duties derive from
consent and reparation
the categorical imperative
self-interest
God’s commands
22
Atheism is the view that ...
We don't know that God exists or not.
Religion is a crutch.
Only smart people hold.
God does not exist
23
Natural law theory states
actions are right bc they are unnatural
(1) and (4)
actions are right because they are natural
Actions are wrong bc they are natural
24
If natural is the same as innate, then
morality is subjective
none of the above
God exists
the nature/nurture debate precedes knowing right/wrong
25
The conceptions of human nature are
learned, psychology, and desires
Innate, animal, and desire
what's all common, psychology, and innate
innate, animal, and what's all common
26
What is ethical egoism?
actions are morally right because they promote self-interest
it's permissible to value oneself over others
The theory that altruism is impossible
every human action aims at some personal benefit
27
According to natural law theory, an action is right if and only if
it is permitted by the laws of the government.
it is in accordance with God's commands.
it is in accordance with human nature
it maximizes happiness.
28
According to ethical egoism, conflicts between self-interest and morality
are widespread
are impossible
should always be resolved in favor of self-interest
should always be resolved in favor of morality
29
If psychological egoism is true, then
we cannot be morally obligated to behave altruistically
(2) and (3)
this has no ethical implications
most of what morality is about would be mistaken
30
A truth that can be known via the five senses
Conceptual
Empirical
None of the above
(1) and (2)
31
Omniscience is
all-powerful
all-knowing
all-loving
Present everywhere
32
An example of an empirical truth
All squares are rectangles
All bachelors are unmarried males
1 +1 = 2
I see a tree
33
What is one problem natural law promises to solve
How morality depends on more than human opinion
How morality is objective
That God exists
(2) and (3)
34
If some roses are red, then some grass is green. Some roses are red. So, some grass is green.
Invalid
Valid and unsound
unsound
Sound
35
Human nature is natural purpose means
what we are designed to be and do
Morality is determined by God
What everyone's personal opinion is
Right and wrong is subjective
36
Religious belief makes people more motived morally because
Do the right thing for the right reasons
Their beliefs are correct
It shows God exists
They are more conscientious
37
The best argument for ethical egoism states that
egoism makes everyone better off
if there is reason to do something, must make you better off
if better off, then reason to act
no one is capable of behaving altruistically
38
Psychological egoism
is completely unrelated to ethical egoism
implies that ethical egoism is false
is one possible source of support for ethical egoism
must be true if ethical egoism is true
39
An alternative thesis to Divine command theory is
None of the above
Morally required if God commands it
God's command makes an action right
God's command makes an action wrong
40
If ethical egoism is true, then everyone has the right
to one's own property
to pursue self-interest
all of the above
to be free from the interference of others
41
What is one problem natural law promises to solve
(2) and (3)
How morality is objective
How morality depends on more than human opinion
That God exists
42
Agnosticism is the view that...
God exists
God created the world and left it alone.
God does not exist
We don't know whether God exists
43
Psychological egoism is the theory that
The mind is composed of the id, the superego, and the ego.
acting solely out of self-interest is unhealthy
you morally ought to pursue their self-interest at all times
everything people do is motivated by self-interest.
44
A truth that can be known just by understanding it.
Conceptual truth
None of the above
Empirical truth
Religious truth
45
Divine Command Theory says
The laws of physics are commanded by God
Actions are right/wrong bc people believe them
Whatever humans command about morality is divine.
RIght and wrong bc God commands it
46
The Divine Perfection Argument claims that
God is perfect
None of the above
If DCT, then God could create morality with murder/rape.
Since God is perfect he must exist
47
Argument for God's creation of morality concludes
None of the above
God is the author of the Bible
God is the author of the moral law
God created the universe
48
What is one problem natural law promises to solve
Why humans are moral
That God exists
how morality originated
(2), (3), and (4)
49
Which of the following is a premise in the Euthyphro argument
Religious beliefs motivate us to be moral
Either God has reasons for commands or doesn't
(2) and (3)
If God lacks reasons, then commands are arbitrary.
50
According to the text, what’s wrong with the best argument for ethical egoism
It begs the question against the opponent of ethical egoism
we have reason to do things that will gain us nothing
It’s invalid.
None of the above—the argument is sound

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