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study guide pt 2
What is an endangered species?
Ecosystem diversity loss disrupts?
study guide pt 2
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Answers
1
Ecosystem diversity loss disrupts?
Genetic variation
Pollution control
Climate change
Ecological processes
2
What is an endangered species?
Not threatened at all
Only found in zoos
Common in the wild
At risk of extinction
3
What is the second level of ecological organization?
Population
Organism
Ecosystem
Community
4
What is overharvesting?
Sustainable fishing
Habitat restoration
Excessive resource extraction
Conservation efforts
5
What causes global warming?
Greenhouse gases
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
6
What is the Prairie chicken's situation?
Thriving population
Habitat expansion
Invasive species
Example of extinction vortex
7
What happens when critical load is exceeded?
Increased biodiversity
Habitat expansion
Ecosystem damage
Soil enrichment
8
What accumulates in fatty tissue?
Carbohydrates
Domoic acid
Water
Protein
9
What type of toxin is domoic acid?
Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin
Neurotoxin
Hepatotoxin
10
What happens if a key species is lost in a low-diversity system?
No change
More diversity
System collapse
More stability
11
Cultural services example?
Decomposers
Wetlands
National parks
Crops
12
Where are microplastics found?
Space
Soil
Mountains
Water
13
Which ecosystem has high productivity?
Desert
Tundra
Tropical rainforest
Open ocean
14
What is the main focus of conservation biology?
Promoting extinction
Protecting biodiversity
Increasing pollution
Urban development
15
What does a trophic cascade model predict?
No changes
Middle affects top
Top affects bottom
Bottom affects top
16
What is a habitat-sensitive species?
Neither
K-selected
r-selected
Both
17
Genetic diversity prevents?
Pollution
Climate change
Habitat loss
Extinction vortex
18
What do corals build?
Deserts
Forests
Reefs
Mountains
19
What is a necropsy?
Feeding behavior study
Habitat analysis
Determining cause of death
Animal training process
20
What is the relationship between Arctic foxes and birds?
Predation
Competition
No relationship
Nutrient cycling
21
What does disorientation indicate in marine mammals?
Feeding success
Migration success
Health improvement
Toxin exposure
22
True or false: Invasive species are always harmful.
True
False
23
Which rivers are in Long Beach?
Amazon River
Mississippi River
Nile River
LA River
24
What is biomagnification?
Toxins decrease
Toxins increase
Nutrients decrease
Nutrients increase
25
What type of whale was stranded?
Humpback whale
Blue whale
Orca
Minke whale
26
Which species is overfished for sushi?
Salmon
Mahi-mahi
Trout
Bluefin tuna
27
Sixth extinction is caused by?
Nutrient cycling
Genetic diversity
Ecosystem services
Habitat destruction
28
Chemotrophs use what to make food?
Water
Chemicals
Air
Sunlight
29
What is a major water reservoir?
Atmosphere
Soil
Ocean
Plants
30
What symptoms occur in marine mammals?
Enhanced communication
Memory loss
Improved navigation
Increased energy
31
What does the carbon cycle include?
Photosynthesis
Weathering
Nitrogen fixation
Volcanic emissions
32
Where are chemotrophs found?
Deserts
Ecosystems without sunlight
Forests
Sunlit ecosystems
33
What is a dominant species?
Least abundant
Most abundant
Rare species
No influence
34
What happens with fewer wolves in Yellowstone?
No change
More deer
More plants
More wolves
35
When are most sea lions born?
January to March
May to July
August to October
November to December
36
What is biomagnification?
Toxin build-up over time
Toxin in plants only
Toxin decrease in individuals
Toxin in water only
37
What do microplastics harm?
Plants
Insects
Marine life
Birds
38
What is an effect of global warming?
Lower sea levels
More ice
Rising temperatures
Decreased drought
39
Habitat loss causes fragmentation
False
True
40
What is the main problem with invasive species?
They cause ecological harm
They increase biodiversity
They are always beneficial
They are easy to control
41
What shapes a top-down trophic structure?
Nutrients
Producers
Predators
Herbivores
42
What is the role of marine diatoms?
Herbivores
Decomposers
Top predators
Primary producers
43
What shapes a bottom-up trophic structure?
Herbivores
Nutrients
Carnivores
Predators
44
What is the 1st law of physics?
Energy is changed
Energy is lost
Energy is created
Energy is destroyed
45
What is a result of eutrophication?
More oxygen
Oxygen depletion
Stable oxygen
No oxygen change
46
Sulfur cycle includes?
Respiration
Nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis
Weathering
47
Energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%
True
False
48
What does the greenhouse effect cause?
Ozone recovery
Species increase
Global cooling
Global warming
49
True or false: CFCs caused the ozone hole.
False
True
50
Provisioning services example?
Wetlands
Decomposers
Crops
National parks
51
Why do pups come to the center?
Old age
Overpopulation
Malnutrition
Healthy
52
What is an introduced species?
Native to the area
Endangered species
Moved by humans
Always harmful
53
What is eutrophication?
Stable nutrients
Nutrient-rich to poor
No nutrient change
Nutrient-poor to rich
54
What does nutrient enrichment cause?
Water scarcity
Eutrophication
Air pollution
Soil erosion
55
How much energy transfers to the next trophic level?
75%
10%
25%
50%
56
How does energy travel in an ecosystem?
One direction
Backwards
In cycles
Randomly
57
What does the greenhouse effect enhance?
N₂
H₂O
O₂
CO₂
58
What is bioaccumulation?
Nutrient loss in soil
Toxins in multiple species
Water purification
Toxins build up in one organism
59
What trophic level are marine diatoms?
Trophic level 4
Trophic level 1
Trophic level 3
Trophic level 2
60
When is community diversity highest?
Low disturbance
High disturbance
Moderate disturbance
No disturbance
61
Higher trophic level means?
Higher footprint
Lower footprint
No footprint
Equal footprint
62
What is secondary succession?
Recolonization
Old habitat
No change
New habitat
63
True or false: Domoic acid is beneficial for marine life.
False
True
64
What is the peak month for sea lion births?
September
April
June
August
65
What is GPP?
Respiration of autotrophs
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
Nutrient primary productivity
66
Which whales are bottom feeders?
Baleen whales
Beluga whales
Gray whales
Sperm whales
67
What is the primary producer in this context?
Crustaceans
Marine diatoms
Fish
Sea turtles
68
Where does DDT bioaccumulate?
Fish scales
Bird feathers
Plant roots
Marine mammal body
69
What limits marine NPP?
Soil nutrients
Water
Temperature
Light
70
When was DDT banned in the US?
1981
1991
1971
2001
71
Regulating services example?
National parks
Decomposers
Wetlands filtering pollutants
Crops
72
How does habitat loss affect species?
Reduces connectivity
Promotes gene flow
Enhances biodiversity
Increases population size
73
Which pollutant causes feminization of fish?
DDT
Microplastics
PCBs
Pharmaceuticals
74
What is bioaccumulation?
Nutrient buildup
Air buildup
Water buildup
Toxin buildup
75
What do corridors do for wildlife?
Isolate populations
Connect habitat patches
Reduce biodiversity
Increase hunting
76
Species diversity refers to?
Ecosystem types
Genes within species
Variety of species
Pollution levels
77
What is a biodiversity hotspot?
Urban area
High endemism
Desert region
Low species richness
78
What does the intermediate disturbance hypothesis describe?
No diversity change
Low diversity at high disturbance
High diversity at high disturbance
High diversity at low disturbance
79
What is an extinction vortex?
Species migration
Population growth
Habitat restoration
Downward population spiral
80
What is a persistent chemical?
Nitrogen
PCBs
Oxygen
Water
81
What is Ra?
Nutrient primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
Respiration of autotrophs
82
What are estuarine mixing zones?
Freshwater meets saltwater
Mountain meets valley
Forest meets grassland
Desert meets ocean
83
Diverse communities are more stable.
False
True
84
What does the 2nd law of physics state?
Entropy increases
Energy is destroyed
Energy is created
Entropy decreases
85
Which organism produces domoic acid?
Fish
Marine diatoms
Sea lions
Crustaceans
86
What is primary succession?
New habitat formation
Old habitat
No change
Recolonization
87
What is the effect of domoic acid on memory?
Enhances memory
Improves learning
Causes memory loss
No effect on memory
88
Purpose of restoration ecology?
Degrade ecosystems
Stop nutrient cycling
Restore ecosystems
Destroy biodiversity
89
What is the food source for these organisms?
Coral
Plankton
Squid
Seaweed
90
What is the effect of toxins like DDT?
Increased biodiversity
Bioaccumulation
Habitat restoration
Nutrient enrichment
91
What is NPP?
Respiration of autotrophs
Nutrient primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
92
What is an effect of ocean acidification?
Stable food webs
Higher pH
Lower pH
More oxygen
93
What do decomposers do?
Store energy
Destroy nutrients
Break down matter
Create new matter
94
What is the first level of ecological organization?
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
95
Nitrogen cycle involves?
Fossil fuels
Nitrogen fixation
Respiration
Photosynthesis
96
What are PCBs?
Nutrients
Persistent chemicals
Medicines
Harmless chemicals
97
What does the energetic hypothesis predict?
Longer food chains
Equal food chains
No food chains
Shorter food chains
98
What do beavers create?
Wetlands
Deserts
Mountains
Forests
99
What does DDT cause in birds?
Feather loss
Beak deformities
Eggshell thinning
Wing damage
100
Supporting services example?
National parks
Crops
Wetlands
Decomposers
101
What is a characteristic of r-selected species?
Quick reproduction
Long lifespan
Few offspring
Slow reproduction
102
What is bioaccumulation?
Toxin only in air
Decrease in toxin concentration
Toxin only in soil
Increase in toxin concentration
103
What uses more resources?
Meat production
Neither
Both equally
Plant-based food
104
Bioremediation uses?
Machines
Organisms
Chemicals
Sunlight
105
Genetic diversity is important for?
Pollution
Climate change
Adaptation
Habitat loss
106
What is a threat to animals?
Clean water
Safe habitats
Abundance of food
Climate change
107
What is the role of genetic rescue?
Decrease species richness
Promote habitat loss
Reverse population decline
Increase inbreeding
108
What does domoic acid affect?
Liver
Kidneys
Nervous system
Heart
109
What does the law of conservation state?
Mass is conserved
Mass is destroyed
Mass is lost
Mass is created
110
What is a keystone species?
Strong community impact
Most abundant
Least abundant
No impact
111
True or false: K-selected species are less vulnerable to extinction
False
True
112
Example of bioremediation?
Chemicals breaking down waste
Sunlight purifying water
Machines cleaning air
Plants absorbing metals
113
Where do nutrients come from?
Stars
Sun
Earth's crust
Moon
114
What causes ocean acidification?
Increase in O2
Increase in CO2
Decrease in O2
Decrease in CO2
115
What do elephants create by knocking down trees?
Forests
Mountains
Grasslands
Deserts
116
What limits terrestrial NPP?
Light
Water
Nutrients
Sunlight
117
True or false: Climate change has no effect on species ranges.
True
False
118
What is a consequence of habitat fragmentation?
Improved ecosystem health
Increased gene flow
Enhanced species diversity
Reduced population size
119
What is the importance of protected areas?
Reduce habitat size
Increase urban development
Conserve biodiversity
Promote pollution
120
What causes cancer in sea lions?
PCBs
Microplastics
Pharmaceuticals
DDT
