AP Euro - Important People Review

His attempts to imprison political opponents led to the English Civil War, which concluded with his execution

The first leader of the Soviet Union

Russian leader who focused on obtaining a warm-water port for the developing Russian navy

He issued the Edict of Nantes, which brought limited religious toleration to France in 1598

His essays on toleration and critiques of the Catholic Church had him banned at times from his native France

Leader during the radical "Reign of Terror" portion of the French Revolution, he was executed in 1794

A copy of his painting, School of Athens, is hanging on the south wall of this classroonm

His hypothesis advocated for heliocentrism - the Earth revolves around the Sun

He was forced to abdicate in order for an Armistice to be accepted by the Allied Powers in World War 1

The founder of Methodism

Early humanist, often credited with "starting" the Renaissance by looking back to classical texts of ancient Greece/Rome

This French minister developed the system of mercantilism - enriching a "mother" country through the use of colonies

British feminist of the late 1700s who argued that education was the key to acheiving and demonstrating women's equality

His vision of a post-Great War world was summarized in his "Fourteen Points"

Warned the world that an "iron curtain" had descended upon Europe after World War 2

Nihilism is often associated with this German philosopher

King of France during the French Revolution - eventually executed via the guillotine

He wrote "The Courier" - a manual on how the ideal Renaissance man should act

King of England while England's first permanent colony in the Americas was established

The last of the Tudor monarchs; was attacked by Spain for supporting the Netherlands in their rebellion against Spain

Spanish friar who openly spoke again the Spanish 'encomienda' in the mid-1500s

Swedish king who was a expert military tactician, especially in the use of combined arms

Catherine the Great invited this author of the Encyclopedie to live in Russia and advise her on "enlightened" absolutism

Protestant reformer who advocated for predestination and a society run by a theocracy

He asserted that all individuals have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

"Guernica," an example of Cubism, was painted by

French philosophe that advocated for the seperation of the 3 powers of government

The concept of Zionism originated with:

The "Sun King"; arguably the most impactful "absolute" ruler in European history

Ruled most of Europe before his ultimate defeat at Waterloo in 1815

His poem "The White Man's Burden" was used as justification for "New Imperialism"

He ruled as "Lord Protector" of England in the years after the English Civil War

Former chancellor of Germany who believed in realpolitik - basing political positions on reality instead of ideology

"The ends justify the means" is often attributed to this European statesman

His 95 Theses marked a major turning point in the history of Christianity

1815-1848 is known as the "Age of __" in Europe due to a return to conservatism and monarchical government

Considered one of the "fathers" of capitalism - argued that the "invisble hand" will guide market interactions

Formulated the academic study of physics and calculus

His reforms of "perestroika" and "glasnost" precipitated the end of the Cold War and the Soviet Union

Formulated the theory of relativity: space and time are relative while the speed of light is constant