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Introduction to Psychology - Intelligence Flashcards | StudBud
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Introduction to Psychology - Intelligence
Introduction to Psychology - Intelligence
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1
What does fluid intelligence represent?
Our overall cognitive capacity
Our ability to recall information
Our ability to process information
Our learned facts and information
2
What is the sudden realization of a solution to a problem referred to as?
Bias
Confirmation
Insight
Cognition
3
What is the definition of a basic color term?
A color term is deemed "basic" if it is frequently used in daily conversati
A color term is deemed "basic" if most speakers of a language spontaneously
A color term is deemed "basic" if it has more than three letters.
A color term is deemed "basic" if it represents a primary color.
4
What is a common obstacle to problem solving?
Fear of failure
Lack of education
Mental set
Lack of imagination
5
What was the predominant psychological perspective in the first half of the 20th century?
Psychoanalytic
Humanist
Behaviorist
Cognitive
6
What statistical method did Spearman introduce?
Bayesian analysis
Data clustering
Factor analysis
Regression analysis
7
What is the term for the rules of word order in language?
Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Morphemes
8
Who challenged Aristotle's definition of concepts?
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Noam Chomsky
B. F. Skinner
Eleanor Rosch
9
What is the availability heuristic?
A strategy of making decisions based on set norms
The process of making decisions based on past experiences
The tendency to seek information that supports our preconceptions
Judging the likelihood of an event by how readily it comes to mind
10
In rural Zambia, what does the concept of "nzelu" encompass?
Academic prowess and physical strength
Intelligence and wisdom
Social status and wealth
Cleverness and responsibility
11
What was the common response to Marilyn vos Savant's explanation of the Monty Hall problem?
Readers requested more probability problems
Readers were indifferent to her explanation
Readers were angered and disagreed with her explanation
Readers agreed with her explanation
12
What would be the IQ of a ten-year-old with the mental age of a ten-year-old according to Terman's formula?
100
110
120
90
13
How does Albert Einstein's application of non-Euclidean geometry illustrate creativity?
It shows the utility of random guessing
It proves that algorithms are superior to heuristics
It highlights the use of classical conditioning
It demonstrates finding surprising connections between unrelated ideas
14
What is the basic sound in a language called?
Syntax
Morphemes
Phonology
Phonemes
15
Who conducted experiments showing that some birds fit the concept of "bird" more readily than others?
Aristotle
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Noam Chomsky
Eleanor Rosch
16
What is the average IQ score set at in deviation scores?
100
90
95
105
17
What do we use heuristics for?
To slow down the problem-solving process
To eliminate all errors in decision making
To guarantee the correct solution to a problem
To solve problems and estimate probabilities quickly
18
What range of IQ scores do 68% of people fall within?
90 to 130
80 to 120
85 to 115
75 to 105
19
Who initiated the cognitive revolution?
Plato
Noam Chomsky
Aristotle
B. F. Skinner
20
What intelligence is associated with understanding the social world?
Intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
Linguistic intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence
21
An IQ score below what value is typically considered a sign of a severe mental delay?
70
60
75
65
22
What is an effective method for treating deep-seated tumors without damaging healthy tissues?
No effective method
Use one high-intensity beam of radiation
Use surgery
Point several low-intensity beams from different directions
23
How many subtests does the WAIS-IV include?
20
5
15
11
24
What are the units of sounds in language assembled into to create meaning?
Phonemes
Morphemes
Syntax
Phonology
25
Who is Raymond Babbitt from the 1988 movie, Rain Man, based on?
A savant named Raymond Babbitt
An actual man named Kim Peek
A fictional character
An actor who had extraordinary mental abilities
26
How can a difficult problem be overcome?
By delegating it
By ignoring it
By restructuring it
By avoiding it
27
According to the text, the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score is:
A relative measure based on a comparison to a reference group
An absolute measure of intelligence
Only relevant for educational purposes
Applicable across all cultures and contexts
28
What is the heritability estimate for intelligence?
0.75
0.5
0.25
1.0
29
What did Charles Spearman propose in 1904?
Multiple intelligences
General intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
30
Why did participants choose Plan A in the disease problem experiment?
They misunderstood the problem
The framing emphasized saving lives
They understood the probabilities
The framing emphasized deaths
31
How does the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) compare to cultural views of intelligence?
It is universally ineffective
It may be ineffective in certain cultural contexts
It is only effective in Western cultures
It is universally applicable
32
Gardner's eight intelligences were developed by examining abilities of individuals in which fields?
None of the above
Arts and Music
Both A and B
Sports and Politics
33
What does test standardization refer to?
Test-taking procedures
All of the above
Test-taking population
Time limit of the test
34
Why do casinos want their customers to be risk-seeking?
To minimize payouts
To promote their brand image
To encourage them to gamble more
To ensure they have fun
35
Who is a notable figure demonstrating intrapersonal intelligence?
Stephen Hawking
The Dalai Lama
Oprah Winfrey
Henry David Thoreau
36
Why might heuristics be favored in certain situations?
They allow for quick responses, important in survival scenarios
They are always faster
They always lead to the right solution
They are always accurate
37
According to Gardner, who shows outstanding capabilities in limited domains?
Athletes
Musicians
Savants
Politicians
38
How does Dr. Richard Nisbett depict Western cultures' view of intelligence?
As a symbol of personal prestige
As a way to outperform others
As a tool for rational debate and conversation
As a means of successfully performing social roles
39
What can influence the decision-making process?
The framing of questions
The color of the paper
The day of the week
The temperature
40
What does intelligence NOT refer to according to Robert Sternberg?
A general concept
The ability to "think outside the box" in solving problems
Anything physical or directly measurable
The ability to complete mental activities quickly
41
Intelligence test scores should be ____, reliable, and standardized.
Flexible
Valid
Open
Available
42
How is the illusionary change in IQ over the years adjusted for in modern calculations of IQ scores?
By comparing to the IQ of the smartest person in the age group
By calculating how far the individual's score deviates from the average of
By keeping the chronological age constant
By changing the mental age constantly
43
Which type of intelligence is similar to Spearman's idea of general intelligence?
Practical intelligence
Musical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Analytical intelligence
44
What is the concept of 'g factor' in relation to intelligence?
It refers to gathered intelligence.
It refers to general intelligence.
It refers to graded intelligence.
It refers to genetic intelligence.
45
What is the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem solving?
An algorithm is guaranteed to find the correct solution, a heuristic is qui
An algorithm is faster but less accurate, a heuristic is slower but more ac
An algorithm is a rule-of-thumb, a heuristic is a step-by-step procedure
There is no difference, both terms refer to the same process
46
How does the Monty Hall problem demonstrate our difficulty in calculating probabilities?
It shows we tend to overestimate our chances of winning
It demonstrates the counterintuitive fact that switching increases chances
It shows we tend to stick to our initial choices even when the odds are aga
It illustrates that people generally dislike taking risks
47
What term is used for the ability to efficiently and effectively learn from experience, perform mental tasks, and solve
Intelligence
Cognition
Perception
Understanding
48
What is the purpose of problem solving?
To move from an initial state to a desired state
To develop algorithms
To increase knowledge
To test intelligence
49
What test helps to distinguish if a child understands how to pluralize words or is just imitating others?
The Morpheme Test
The Phoneme Test
The Semantics Test
The Wug Test
50
Does a correlation between two items mean that one causes the other?
It depends on the items
No, never
Yes, always
Yes, sometimes
51
What is the expected value of a lottery ticket that costs $1 and pays $500 if you win, but the probability of winning is
-$0.50
$0.50
$1.00
$500.00
52
What, according to Albert Einstein, is more important than knowledge?
Creativity
Education
Experience
Imagination
53
How many phonemes does the English language have?
Hundred
Ten
Twenty-six
Fifty
54
What does crystallized intelligence represent?
Our overall cognitive capability
The facts and details we know
Our ability to solve new problems
Our processing speed
55
Which intelligence involves understanding, producing, and organizing music?
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence
Linguistic intelligence
Musical intelligence
56
The WAIS-IV is standardized for people of what age range?
18-65 years
10-70 years
20-80 years
16-90 years
57
Which type of intelligence does LeBron James exemplify?
Spatial intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence
Musical intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
58
What technological development in the 1940s influenced the understanding of the human mind?
Nuclear technology
Radio
Television
Digital computers
59
What does the term "variance" refer to in the context of test scores?
The ratio of the highest and the lowest score
The difference between the mental age and chronological age
The standard deviation of the test scores
The difference in scores around the mean
60
What is the meaning of a word referred to as?
Phonemes
Syntax
Semantics
Phonology
61
What is the standard deviation in IQ scoring?
10
15
25
20
62
According to the Monty Hall problem, what increases a contestant's chance of winning?
It doesn't matter whether they stick or switch
Choosing the left-most door initially
Switching the choice after one door has been opened
Sticking to the original choice
63
Who displayed exemplary logical-mathematical intelligence?
Oprah Winfrey
John Williams
Henry David Thoreau
Stephen Hawking
64
Who opposed Spearman's concept of general intelligence?
Louis Leon Thurstone
Alfred Binet
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
65
What statistical technique supported evidence for general intelligence or "g"?
Factor Analysis
Chi-square Analysis
Regression Analysis
ANOVA
66
What is cognitive science primarily concerned with?
Examining stimulus-response relationships
Exploring human behavior
Understanding cognition
Studying psychodynamic processes
67
What example does Chomsky give to illustrate the limitations of behaviorism in language acquisition?
A teenager learning to drive
A child saying "goed" instead of "went"
An infant crying for attention
An adult learning a foreign language
68
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
Alfred Binet
Charles Spearman
Louis Leon Thurstone
69
What is the term for the ability to hear sounds and assign them to different words?
Syntax
Morphemes
Semantics
Phonology
70
What was the purpose of Binet and Simon's standardization of intelligence test scores?
To measure the test taker's academic abilities
To calculate the test taker's IQ score
To compare the test taker's mental age with their chronological age
To determine the test taker's social skills
71
What are the two types of intelligence most researchers differentiate between?
Linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence
Crystallized and fluid intelligence
Intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence
General and specific intelligence
72
What does an individual's intelligence encompass according to Howard Gardner's theory?
Eight different kinds of intelligence
Only linguistic and spatial intelligence
Only logical-mathematical and spatial intelligence
Only linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence
73
Why does an insurance company want its customers to be risk avoidant?
To promote their brand image
To minimize payouts
To encourage them to buy more insurance
To ensure they live a healthy lifestyle
74
What does the term 'norming' refer to in standardized testing?
Testing of the norms
Administering the test to a reference population
Following test-taking procedures
Grading on a curve
75
What does the ACT test standardization procedure allow for?
Evaluating the mental age of the test-taker
Providing a reference for college admissions
Determining the age-specific average performance
Comparing the intelligence of high school students
76
What does practical intelligence allow one to do?
Solve academic problems
Process information faster
Solve daily life challenges
Invent new solutions
77
What kind of concepts did Wittgenstein argue have fuzzy boundaries?
Everyday objects and people
Abstract
Biological
Mathematical
78
What is the primary purpose of mental concepts?
To process sensory information
To improve memory
To facilitate communication
To direct behavior efficiently
79
Which intelligence pertains to the understanding of how objects relate in space?
Linguistic intelligence
Spatial intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence
Musical intelligence
80
What do we call the meaningful units that phonemes assemble into?
Syntax
Semantics
Phonemes
Morphemes
81
How is IQ calculated according to Terman's formula?
(Mental Age + Chronological Age)/2
(Mental Age / Chronological Age)*100
(Chronological Age / Mental Age)*100
(Mental Age * Chronological Age)*100
82
According to Sternberg and Grigorenko's study, the processes of intelligence are:
Universal, with unique manifestations
Unique, with universal manifestations
Universal, with universal manifestations
Unique, with unique manifestations
83
In Eastern cultures, intelligence is viewed as:
A reflection of academic accomplishment
A tool for rational debate
A means of successfully performing social roles and interacting with others
A way to accumulate knowledge
84
Why do people buy lottery tickets despite negative expected value?
They are not rational
They hope to win big
They enjoy the risk
They enjoy the fantasy of what they would do with the money
85
How are heights that deviate a lot from the mean height considered?
Extremely tall or extremely short
Average or atypical
Above average or below average
Normal or abnormal
86
Who is allowed to administer and interpret the WAIS-IV?
High school teachers
Anyone
Parents
Licensed professionals
87
The ACT exam is designed to predict what?
Both A and B
High school performance
Career Success
College readiness
88
What is the economic theory of decision making?
People always make rational decisions
People avoid difficult decisions
People choose the easiest solution
People calculate expected values for all possible choices
89
What term refers to the smallest units of sound in a language?
Morphemes
Phonemes
Syntax
Semantics
90
What is the main reason intelligence is difficult to define?
Because it does not refer to anything physical or directly measurable
Because it changes over time
Because it varies greatly from person to person
Because it is subjective
91
What trend does crystallized intelligence follow as we age?
Decreases steadily
Increases steadily
Increases until about age sixty, then slowly declines
Remains constant
92
In the example provided, what happens to a child's IQ score as they grow older while consistently maintaining a three-ye
It doubles
It remains constant
It decreases
It increases
93
Who conducted the famous problem-solving experiments with chimpanzees?
B. F. Skinner
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Noam Chomsky
Wolfgang Köhler
94
What is the Raven's Progressive Matrices intelligence test designed to assess?
Language skills
Mental reasoning and visualization abilities
Mathematical abilities
Memory recall
95
According to Sam Goldstein, intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT:
The ability to plan
The ability to solve problems
The capacity for abstract thought
The ability to perform physical tasks
96
What does it mean for a test to be culture fair?
The test can only be taken by people from a certain cultural background
The test is not biased by the test taker's cultural and social background
The test only includes questions relevant to the culture of the test taker
The test does not make any assumptions about the knowledge and abilities of
97
According to the text, practical and academic intelligence can:
None of the above
Both A and B
Develop independently
Develop in conflict with each other
98
What does the Flynn effect pertain to?
Increase in general intelligence over time
Decreases in crystallized intelligence over time
Increases in fluid intelligence over time
Decrease in multiple intelligences over time
99
Who proposed the Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence?
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
Alfred Binet
Charles Spearman
100
What is the most popular intelligence test in the United States?
GRE
ACT
WAIS-IV
Stanford-Binet Test
