Which of the following is NOT true about the Sun’s energy heating Earth?

The Sun’s rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitudes.

What happens to air as it rises?

The pressure decreases and it expands in volume

both physical and chemical weathering.

The soil that is best for growing most plants is composed of

a mixture of sand/silt/clay that promotes water drainage and retention

The infiltration of pollutants into groundwater

common in areas with sandy soils since water flows through them easily

Base saturation of soil is a measure of the

proportion of soil bases to acids.

Which is NOT a characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

They are formed by compression by overlying sediments

How are the elements on Earth distributed?

The most dense elements are in the center, called the core.

What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator?

Air currents rise at the equator.

What best describes the temperature of the atmosphere?

It decreases with an increase in altitude in the troposphere.

Soil degradation is caused by

compaction from heavy machinery.

Where is upwelling most likely to occur?

Along the west coasts of a continent

Which of the following is the best description of a region’s climate?

The average weather that occurs over a long time

Which provided evidence for the change in continent location over time?

Identical rock formations found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Which of the following is true about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?

It causes the trade winds to weaken, allowing warm water to move eastward., It suppresses upwelling off the coast of South America.

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APES Unit 4 Review

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Answers

1
Granitic rock is the dominant rock type
at subduction zones.
in oceanic crust.
at areas where seafloor spreading occurs
in continental crust
2
Magma circulates in convection cells in Earth's
core
crust.
asthenosphere.
Lithosphere
3
The porosity of soil is a measure of
its cation exchange capacity
how quickly it drains.
how much biological material it contains
the depth of its topsoil layer.
4
How old is Earth?
4.6 billion years
3.6 billion years
1.6 billion years
2.6 billion years
5
Which of the following is NOT true about the Sun’s energy heating Earth?
The Sun’s rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitudes.
The polar regions reflect more sunlight than the tropical regions
The unequal heating of Earth helps determine an area’s climate.
The angle at which the Sun’s rays hit Earth depends on the latitude.
6
What happens to air as it rises?
The pressure decreases and it decreases in volume
The pressure decreases and it expands in volume
The pressure increases and it decreases in volume
The pressure increases and it expands in volume
7
Plant roots cause
only physical weathering
neither chemical or physical weathering
both physical and chemical weathering.
only chemical weathering.
8
The soil that is best for growing most plants is composed of
a mixture of sand/silt/clay that promotes water drainage and retention
a mixture of sand for drainage and clay to hold nutrients.
sand, because water drains most easily.
clay, because it retains nutrients and water tightly.
9
Which material is best as a liner for a landfill?
Silt
Clay
Loam
Sand
10
Select the correct order of physical size of sediment particles from largest to smallest.
Silt, sand, clay
Loam, sand, silt
Sand, silt, clay
Clay, silt, sand
11
Select the correct rock type connected with its mode of origin
Sedimentary: exposure to high temperatures and pressures
Igneous: liquid magma
Metamorphic: compression of mud by
Sedimentary: compression of magma
12
The infiltration of pollutants into groundwater
is rare in areas with sandy soils since water flows through these easily
common in areas with sandy soils since water flows through them easily
is more likely in regions that contain basaltic bedrock
common in areas with clay soils since water flows through these easily
13
Base saturation of soil is a measure of the
. ability of nutrients to adhere to clay particles.
proportion of soil bases to acids.
ability of water to drain
particulate matter in lakes
14
As water freezes or evaporates, what happens to the salinity of the remaining ocean water?
Salinity increases.
Salinity decreases.
Salinity increases as water freezes, decreases as water evaporates
Salinity increases as water evaporates, decreases as water freezes.
15
Which is NOT a characteristic of metamorphic rocks?
They are formed when other rock is subjected to high temperature
They are structurally very strong.
They are formed by compression by overlying sediments
They include marble and slate.
16
New ocean floor is created at...
A
B
C
D
17
How are the elements on Earth distributed?
The most dense elements are at the surface, called the crust.
The most dense elements are in the center, called the core.
The least dense elements are at the surface, called the mantle.
The most dense elements are in the center, called the mantle.
18
In which level of the atmosphere does weather occur?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
19
What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator?
Air currents rise at the equator.
Air currents move horizontally to the south at the equator.
. Air currents sink at the equator.
Air currents are relatively stable at the equator.
20
What best describes the temperature of the atmosphere?
It decreases with an increase in altitude in the troposphere.
It fluctuates up and down randomly through the layers of the atmosphere
It maintains a constant level throughout the atmosphere
It increases with an increase in altitude.
21
According to the diagram above, which has the highest albedo?
Croplands
Fresh snow
Forest
Asphalt
22
Fossils, formed from plant or animal remains, are found in
metamorphic rock.
sedimentary rock.
igneous rock.
23
Soil degradation is caused by
compaction from heavy machinery.
animal waste
nitrogen fixing bacteria.
burrowing animals such as earthworms.
24
Where is upwelling most likely to occur?
In the center of ocean basins
Along the equator
Along the west coasts of a continent
Along the east coast of a continent
25
What phenomenon does the above figure represent?
Climate change
Mountain rain effect
Rain shadow effect
Prevailing ocean winds
26
What is a primary reason for the seasons on Earth?
The changing period of daylight over the course of the year
The tilt of Earth on its axis
The Coriolis effect
The change in distance between Earth and the Sun that occurs within orbit
27
Topsoil is the
B horizon.
O horizon.
C horizon.
A horizon.
28
Which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Exosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
29
Which of the following is the best description of a region’s climate?
The average high and low temperatures of a region
The amount of precipitation in a typical year
The average weather that occurs over a long time
The average precipitation that occurs over a long time
30
Earth's lithosphere includes
all of the core
the entire mantle.
the liquid outer core.
all of the crust.
31
A subduction zone is shown at
D
A
C
B
32
Which provided evidence for the change in continent location over time?
Fossils found in Antarctica match fossils found in Greenland.
Identical rock formations found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Hot spots located in parallel positions on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.
Fossils of mammals have been found in both South America and Africa
33
Which of the following is true about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?
It causes the trade winds to weaken, allowing warm water to move eastward.
It suppresses upwelling off the coast of South America.
It contributes to global climate change.

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