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Borowed AP Psych Review
Borowed AP Psych Review
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1
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
2
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
rooting
Moro
3
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
4
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
5
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
6
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
morpheme
7
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
8
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
9
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
10
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
triarchic
standardized
11
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
standard deviation
range
12
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
13
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
14
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
modes
variances
outliers
15
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
behavioral
psychoanalytic
16
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
17
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
extraversion
18
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
19
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
20
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
disinhibition
conformity
social roles
21
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
22
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
23
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
24
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
25
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
26
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
27
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
28
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
29
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
30
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
31
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
32
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
33
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
34
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
35
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
36
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
37
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
38
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
39
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
40
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
41
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
42
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
43
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
44
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
behavioral
dispositional
situational
45
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
46
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
activation-synthesis
47
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
48
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
49
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
50
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
51
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
52
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
53
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
54
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
55
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
56
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
57
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
58
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
59
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
60
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
61
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
62
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
sight
balance
63
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
64
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
65
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
66
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
67
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
68
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
achievement test
IQ test
EQ test
69
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
70
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
71
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
72
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
self-serving bias
73
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
74
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
proactive interference
75
The WISC is a...
none of these
personality test
Intelligence test
Personality inventory
76
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
77
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
78
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
79
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
80
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
81
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
size of the group
82
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
83
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
84
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
beta waves and delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
delta waves
NREM
85
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
86
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
87
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
88
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
temperament
family
culture
89
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
90
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
91
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
92
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
blind spot
iris
93
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
anixety
94
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
95
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
96
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
97
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
98
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
99
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
100
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
fovea
101
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
102
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
stereotyping
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
103
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
104
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
105
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
106
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
107
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
108
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
109
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
110
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
111
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
112
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
113
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
114
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
standard deviation
probability
correlation coeifficient
a mean that is the same as the median
115
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
116
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
117
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
118
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
119
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
120
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
121
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
122
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
123
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
linear perspective
convergence
retinal disparity
124
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
125
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
126
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
127
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
128
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
129
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
130
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
131
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
132
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
133
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
134
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
135
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
136
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
137
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
138
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
139
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
140
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
141
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
142
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
143
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
144
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
rTMS
EEG
MRI
145
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
146
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
continuous
primary
secondary
147
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
148
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
149
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
150
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
151
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
152
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
153
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
154
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
remove : decrease
155
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
156
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
157
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
158
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
159
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
160
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
161
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
162
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
smell
hearing
touch
163
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles