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Review of Evolution
Review of Evolution
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Review of Chapters 16-19 in Biology
Flashcards
48 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A certain allele is present 100 times in a total gene pool of 1,000 genes. Relative frequency
is 10 percent.
is 100 percent.
is 20 percent.
is 1 percent.
2
Which scientific name is written correctly?
Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus
ursus Maritimus
ursus Maritimus
3
A fossil does not have to include preserved remains of the once-living organism.
True
False
4
How did Darwin view the fossil record?
Evidence that Earth was thousands of years old
A detailed record of evolution
Evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse
Interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species
5
According to evolutionists, the first life form to evolve was
multicellular and prokaryotic.
single-celled and eukaryotic.
multicellular and eukaryotic.
single-celled and prokaryotic.
6
Radioactive dating of rock samples is a method of
absolute dating.
relative dating.
7
The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is called
natural selection.
genetic drift.
genetic equilibrium.
evolution.
8
All the genes of all the members of a population make up the population's
genotype.
relative frequency.
gene pool.
phenotype.
9
Which other biologist independently came up with ideas similar to Darwin's?
Stephen Jay Gould
Gregor Mendel
Alfred Russel Wallace
Louis Pasteur
10
The phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait can often be expressed as
Mendelian ratios.
a bell-shaped curve.
allele frequencies.
a bar graph.
11
In which type of rock are most fossils found?
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
12
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene are known as ____ traits.
dominant
polygenic
recessive
single-gene
13
What did Thomas Malthus suggest?
Humans are dying faster than they can reproduce.
The majority of a species' offspring die.
There would soon be insufficient food for humankind.
In the 1700s, England needed more housing.
14
Which concept is
not
included in the modern theory of evolution?
descent with modification
natural selection
competition among members of a population
transmission of acquired characteristics
15
According to evolutionists, how old is Earth?
about 200,000 years old
about 3.5 billion years old
about 4.5 billion years old
about 2 million years old
16
The organism
Quercus alba
is a member of the genus
Quercus.
alba.
17
The type of classification key used in class is also called a ____ key.
dichotomous
binary
duplicate
binomial
18
A random change in a population's allele frequency is known as
genetic drift.
variation.
fitness.
a gene pool.
19
Which of the following is
not
a source of genetic variation?
adaptations
sexual reproduction
lateral gene transfer
mutations
20
The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon
the number of genes that control the trait.
the relative frequencies of the various alleles.
which form of the trait is dominant.
the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios.
21
According to Darwin, certain individuals in a population will survive due to the
lack of competition within the species.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
22
Which taxon would include the widest variety of organisms?
domain
species
kingdom
phylum
23
A
monophyletic group
includes
a given species and all of its ancestors.
a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
24
Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily
general similarities in appearance.
similarities in the DNA.
extinct organisms.
similarities in proteins.
25
Darwin's concept of evolution is based on the idea(s) of
use and disuse of body structures.
heritable variation and natural selection.
the transmission of acquired characteristics.
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging species.
26
A diagram that shows the supposed evolutionary relationships among organisms is called a
Punnett square.
pedigree.
family tree.
cladogram.
27
When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is
not predictable.
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
disruptive selection.
28
The study of the supposed evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
genealogy.
genetics.
taxonomy.
phylogeny.
29
Scientific names are written in which language?
Arabic
English
French
Latin
30
How do binomial names compare with earlier versions of scientific names?
They are more descriptive.
They are shorter.
They are longer.
They are in English.
31
The scientific name of an organism
may refer to more than one species.
varies according to the native language of scientists.
may have more than one genus name.
is the same for scientists all over the world.
32
Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
fitness.
adaptation.
evolution.
diversity.
33
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and shows simple dominance will result in
millions of phenotypes.
two phenotypes.
one phenotype.
four phenotypes.
34
What is the half-life of carbon-14?
50,000 years
5,730 years
3,750 years
1.25 million years
35
The science of classifying and naming organisms is called
biology.
zoology.
botany.
taxonomy.
36
According to evolutionists, when did life first appear on Earth?
more than 3.5 billion years ago
about 2 million years ago
about 4.5 billion years ago
about 200,000 years ago
37
Evolutionary change resulting from small changes accumulating over time is
gradualism.
punctuated equilibrium.
38
According to the law of superposition,
younger rock layers normally lie on top of older rock layers
older rock layers normally lie on top of younger rock layers
39
___ refers to the concept that living species have descended, with changes, from other species.
Descent with modification
The theory of acquired characteristics
Artificial selection
Natural selection
40
Darwin's famous book is titled
The Origin of ____.
Life on Earth.
the Universe.
Species.
the Galapagos Islands.
41
Based on their names,
Ursus maritimus
and
Ursus arctos
do
not
belong to the same
genus.
family.
class.
species.
42
When a farmer breeds only his/her best livestock, the process involved is
artificial selection.
artificial variation.
survival of the fittest.
natural selection.
43
Darwin's concept of evolution suggests that
species change over time.
animals that look alike are the most closely related.
extinct species are not related to living species.
different species can interbreed.
44
Genetic equilibrium can be disturbed by each of the following
except
a large population size.
immigration or emigration.
nonrandom mating.
mutations.
45
Which scientist developed the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms?
Darwin
Mendel
Aristotle
Linnaeus
46
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its
relative date.
half-life.
radioactive date.
period.
47
When individuals at only one end of a range of phenotypes have high fitness, the result is
disruptive selection.
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
genetic drift.
48
Scientists who specialize in the study of fossils are called
ecologists.
paleontologists.
zoologists.
anthropologists.
