Christian humanists believed that people would become more pious by

reading fundamental works of Christianity

The Peace of Augsburg changed Christianity in Germany by

allowing German states to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism.

The Holy Roman Empire had to make peace with Lutheran princes in order to

keep the empire unified against attacks from external enemies.

Italian states were able to function independently because

Italy did not have a strong central government

The main goal of a humanistic education was to

teach people how to lead good lives.

Anabaptists were viewed as dangerous radicals because they believed that

the state should not have any role in church affairs.

Leonardo da Vinci was a good example of Renaissance Italy's social ideal because he

was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician

The final decrees of the Council of Trent

reaffirmed trad. Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs.

Petrarch is considered the father of Italian Renaissance humanism because he

helped spread classical ideals by reviving forgotten Latin manuscripts.

The Catholic Reformation revitalized the Catholic Church by

rooting out corruption within the papacy.

Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses to attack the Catholic Church for its

abuses in the sale of indulgences.

Venice became an important state because it

served as a commercial link between Asia and Western Europe.

The English Reformation differed from the Reformation in the rest of Europe because it

was rooted in politics rather than religion.

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WH A - Chapter 2 & 3

32 termsStudBud Administration63 plays

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Questions 32

Answers

1
release from all or part of the punishment for sin
Anabaptists
Indulgence
the Ninety-Five Theses
Predestination
2
Founder of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola
Niccolo Machiavelli
King Henry VIII
Johannes Gutenberg
3
Christian humanists believed that people would become more pious by
making pilgrimages to holy sites.
fasting on major religious holidays.
reading fundamental works of Christianity
showing respect for sacred relics.
4
Author of an influential treatise on political power
Edict of Worms
Johannes Gutenberg
Ignatius of Loyola
Niccolo Machiavelli
5
The Peace of Augsburg changed Christianity in Germany by
allowing German states to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism.
empowering Henry VIII to establish the Church of England.
giving German princes authority to regulate church affairs.
outlawing all religions other than Lutheranism.
6
radical reformers who believed in complete separation of church and state
Anabaptists
Indulgence
Predestination
the Ninety-Five Theses
7
The Holy Roman Empire had to make peace with Lutheran princes in order to
encourage the conversion of Protestants back to the Catholic faith.
reclaim territories that had been seized by state governments.
keep the empire unified against attacks from external enemies.
form a strategic alliance with Francis I, king of France.
8
Italian states were able to function independently because
Italy did not have a strong central government
the Italian courts guaranteed their autonomy
they were located on important trade routes
the Crusades enriched their treasuries
9
German inventor of the printing press
Niccolo Machiavelli
Johannes Gutenberg
Edict of Worms
Ignatius of Loyola
10
a member of the middle class
fresco
republic
vernacular
burgher
11
The main goal of a humanistic education was to
teach people how to lead good lives.
promote individuality and creativity.
groom students for political careers.
produce scholars of ancient literature.
12
Anabaptists were viewed as dangerous radicals because they believed that
early Christian practices should be abandoned.
only a chosen few in the community could become ministers.
the state should not have any role in church affairs.
priests were needed to interpret the Christian Bible correctly.
13
Leonardo da Vinci was a good example of Renaissance Italy's social ideal because he
was a politician who initiated important public works projects
was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician
wrote elegant romantic poetry and insightful political treatises
came from a wealthy family and improved his family's status in society
14
painting done on fresh wet plaster with water-based paints
burgher
fresco
republic
vernacular
15
Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through
faith alone.
faith and good works.
good works.
the purchase of indulgences.
16
The final decrees of the Council of Trent
stated that Christians should be god-fearing people.
reaffirmed trad. Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs.
were meaningless because they were never put into practice.
empowered the Jesuits to try heretics, including anyone who was Protestant.
17
belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned
Christian humanism
Predestination
Indulgence
the Ninety-Five Theses
18
Annulled his marriage, and founded the Anglican Church
Ignatius of Loyola
Johannes Gutenberg
Niccolo Machiavelli
King Henry VIII
19
a movement that combined classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church
the Ninety-Five Theses
Predestination
Indulgence
Christian humanism
20
intellectual movement based on the study of the literature of ancient Greece and Rome
vernacular
fresco
republic
humanism
21
Petrarch is considered the father of Italian Renaissance humanism because he
helped spread classical ideals by reviving forgotten Latin manuscripts.
wrote in the vernacular so that common people could understand his ideas
supported young Renaissance scholars who wanted to study the classics.
encouraged scholars to use both medieval and Latin in their writings.
22
Local spoken language
vernacular
humanism
republic
fresco
23
The development of printing press enabled people to
become better informed
open schools in rural areas
set up print shops in their homes
build libraries and book shops
24
In The Prince, Machiavelli argues that
the ends justify the means
power has corrupting influence
people have a basic desire to do good
a ruler should act virtuously
25
Decreed that Martin Luther was an outlaw in the Holy Roman Empire
Johannes Gutenberg
Ignatius of Loyola
Edict of Worms
Niccolo Machiavelli
26
The Catholic Reformation revitalized the Catholic Church by
discrediting the Protestant movement.
reshaping many of the Catholic Church’s basic teachings.
revoking the supreme leadership of the pope.
rooting out corruption within the papacy.
27
a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote
burgher
fresco
republic
vernacular
28
The main way in which the works of Northern European Renaissance artists differed from those of Italian artists was in
scale/size
craftsmanship
realism
use of color
29
Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses to attack the Catholic Church for its
abuses in the sale of indulgences.
landholdings throughout Europe
papal system of authority.
reliance upon faith as a means of salvation.
30
Venice became an important state because it
was ruled by a hereditary monarch.
served as a commercial link between Asia and Western Europe.
waged a successful war against its neighbors.
enjoyed the patronage of the Medici family
31
The English Reformation differed from the Reformation in the rest of Europe because it
gave the state no control over religious doctrine.
was rooted in politics rather than religion.
departed radically from traditional Catholic teachings
maintained an alliance with the pope in England.
32
Martin Luther's attack on the abuses of the Catholic Church
Predestination
Indulgence
the Ninety-Five Theses
Christian humanism

WH A - Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards | StudBud