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Unit 1: Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, & Age of Exploration Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 1: Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, & Age of Exploration
Unit 1: Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, & Age of Exploration
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Review of Protestant Reformation
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1
What is Predestination, the main idea of Calvinism?
God planned who gets into Heaven long ago
Every event that ever happens is part of God's perfect plan
A person's destiny is set from the beginning
All Answers are True
2
What is a tariff?
A tax meant to pay war debts by increasing taxes on military officers
A tax that raises prices on imports- meant to protect local business
A tax that raises local prices- meant to encourage foreign trade
A tax meant to offset inflation by increasing taxes on businesses
3
How did the Black Death lead to the Renaissance?
The Catholic Church had failed in the eyes of many Europeans
People wanted to understand how the body and diseases work
All Answers are True
Constant death pushed people to focus on life and the living
4
What was Copernicus' contribution to Renaissance science?
Heliocentric model- the sun is the center of the universe
Spherical model- Earth is a sphere, not flat as many thought
Geocentric model- Earth is the center of the universe
5
Why were discoveries from people like Galileo and Copernicus rejected by most 'experts'?
They went against long established 'truths' like the Bible
All Answers are True
They made extreme amounts of money, and rivals were jealous
They were on the payroll of rival kingdoms
6
What arguments did Martin Luther have against the Church?
Faith, not Rites of the Church, got people into Heaven
No man, not even the Pope, has authority to release souls from Purgatory
Indulgences had no place in Christianity and were simply used to make money
Luther made all of these arguments, sparking the Protestant Reformation
7
According to Machiavelli, why does a leader need 'henchmen'?
An effective leader relies solely on himself and shouldn't have 'henchmen'
They can offer advice to the leader on the best course of action
If something happens to the leader, someone must be ready to take over
They can do the 'dirty' work, allowing the leader to look 'good'
8
What did the Catholic Reformation establish?
All Answers are True
Re-affirmed their claim that they were 'correct' Christians
Lessened power of priests within the Church
Allowed translation of the Bible
9
What did the Treaty of Paris specify when the Seven-Years (French and Indian) War ended?
All French territory East of the Mississippi River was given to Britain
All Answers are True
France was declared the loser
Britain was declared the winner
10
Why is Leonardo da Vinci so historically important?
He actively studied anatomy, leading to advances in medical knowledge
He painted masterpieces like the 'Mona Lisa' and 'Last Supper'
He did all of these things, making him the most accomplished man in history
He 'invented' things centuries before their time, but couldn't test them
11
How did the Spanish respond to the kindness of Native Americans when they first arrived?
The Spanish avoided Native Americans, believing their kindness to be a ruse
The Spanish were horrible to Natives- raiding, kidnapping, assaulting them
The Spanish began friendly trade relations with Native Americans
The Spanish were fearful of the Natives and offered gifts to avoid conflict
12
Why was France unable to establish dominance in North America?
Catholic Nobles did not want to leave their comfortable live in France
Winters (especially in their large Northern territories) were long and cold
All Answers are True
Protestants in general weren't allowed to go for fear of rebellion
13
What is the Church's response when Luther refuses to recant his statements?
They execute him
They excommunicate him
They exonerate him
They excuse him
14
What was the central idea of Medieval alchemy?
Any substance can be multiplied with enough energy
Any substance can be transformed into any other
Teleportation is possible through understanding of wormholes
15
What European country was the first to find a direct waterway to Asia?
France
England
Portugal
Spain
16
What is Machiavelli's advice to a leader regarding honesty?
A leader must always keep his word
A leader should lie if it helps the state and/or keeps him in power
17
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
England
Russia
France
18
What resource did Spain gain in the Americas that made the #1 power in Europe?
Gold and Silver
Lumber
Furs
Diamonds
19
What methods was the Inquisition allowed to use when eliminating heretics (non-Christians)?
Secret Testimony
Execution
Torture
All Answers are True
20
Why were many colonies unhappy under Mercantilism?
Colonies weren't allowed to process own materials, only sell it to parent
Colonies were not allowed to trade with each other, only the parent country
Colonies were not allowed to trade with other countries, just the parent
All Answers are True
21
What city was the inspiration for the Renaissance?
London
Rome
Berlin
Paris
22
Which country had the BEST relationship with Native Americans?
France
Spain
Portugal
England
23
How many times must an experiment be conducted before the results are considered 'valid'?
once
Experiments don't need to be conducted if math 'works out'
twice or more
24
What role does a colony play in the Mercantile Economic System?
Provide raw materials for the parent country to process into products
Process raw materials into products to sell in the parent country
Act simply as an expansion of territory (think bigger Europe)
25
Why did Henry VIII start the Anglican Church in England?
He wanted a divorce the Catholic Church wouldn't grant
He was jealous of his brother being selected as Pope
All Answers are True
He was tired of Catholics' repeated examples of corruption
26
Which description best fits the Portuguese route to Asia
Through the Northwest Passage
South around Africa, then Northeast across the Indian Ocean
Portugal never found a route to Asia
West across the Atlantic Ocena
27
How did art change during the Renaissance?
It became more abstract
There was no noticeable change
It became more realistic
28
What country did Christopher Columbus sail for?
France
Italy
Spain
England
29
What does the word 'vernacular' mean?
The language spoken by the people of an area
The laws established by the Catholic Church
The idea that kings can rule however they choose
The highest rank within most kingdoms in Europe
30
Why was Italy the logical location for the Renaissance to start?
The extremely wealthy Catholic Church is based in Rome
Roman architecture was a constant source of inspiration that all could see
Location on the Italian peninsula allowed easy trade of money and ideas
All Answers are True
31
What was the biggest killer of Native Americans after Europeans arrived?
Gunshot
Disease (small pox especially)
Food Europeans brought that was poisonous to the Native Americans
32
Where did Columbus THINK he was when he arrived in the Caribbean?
India
Russia
He knew he was in the Caribbean
China
33
Why did Chinese merchants only accept gold and silver when trading with Europeans?
China was in a major recession
European goods were far superior. They didn't want to lose them in trade
Chinese goods were far superior. China wouldn't accept anything else
Europeans only offered gold and silver, China had no choice
34
What country had the largest (and most valuable) territory in the Americas?
France
England
Spain
Portugal
35
According to Machiavelli, which is better for a leader, if he must choose?
To be LOVED- people listen to those they like
To be FEARED- people will listen to avoid punishment
36
What was the agreement of the Peace of Augsburg?
Catholics regained complete control of Germany
Local rulers determined religion their region would follow
Peace of Augsburg only intensified wars between Christians
Lutherans gained complete control of Germany
37
Which country discovered the Northwest Passage?
No One (it does not exist)
Portugal
England
Spain
38
What was the goal of the Italian Renaissance?
To finally put Germanic groups above the 'glorious' Romans
To re-establish dominance of European kings
To bring education to the 'common man'
To push the limits of human achievement
39
Whose crew is credited as the first to sail around the World? (the captain died along the way)
Vasco da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Jacques Cartier
Ferdinand Magellan
40
How old were the ideas of 'science' by the start of the Scientific Revolution?
Scientific ideas were actually quite modern
1000 years
1 million years
7000 years
41
What was the goal of the Northern Renaissance?
To bring education to the 'common man'
To push the limits of human achievement
To finally put Germanic groups above the 'glorious' Romans
To re-establish dominance of European kings
42
What was the agreement of the Elizabethan Settlements?
All other Answers are False
The Anglican Church would keep most rituals of the Catholics
The Anglican Church would still adopt some Lutheran ideas
Both Answers are True
43
According to Erasmus, why did the Catholic Church not want the Bible translated?
There was no way to print enough copies to justify the effort
People wouldn't need the Church to read to them, causing them to lose power
Translating Latin is difficult
The Catholic Church had no issue with translating the Bible
44
What was the most important invention of the Renaissance?
The Printing Press
The Metronome
The Sexton
The Telescope
45
What was Martin Luther's list of complaints called?
'101 Complaints'
'95 Theses'
'How the Church was Corrupted'
'What the Church Must Change'
46
Why did Europeans want to find a direct route to Asia?
Renaissance curiosity pushed many to simply see if a route existed
All Answers are True
Direct trade with Asia would let a country undercut Italy but still profit
Asian goods sold by Italy were expensive due to mark-ups trading by land
