Which statement describes solar power plants?

more $$ than nuclear power plants to install & maintain

Which of these describes cleavage in minerals?

tendency to split specific planes forming flat surfaces

2 ways to reduce the amount of water during the life cycle of a pair of jeans.

use less water,use efficient irrigation systems in fields

Which of these statements correctly describes a benefit of ozone to people?

It decreases the chance of developing skin cancer

Which of these accurately describes an undesired product from use of fossil fuels for energy?

Burning fossil fuels = large amounts of carbon dioxide

What is one disadvantage of wind energy?

difficult to transport energy from source to where needed

What is true about how minerals are distributed around Earth?

They are not evenly distributed

Which of these is usually a quality of a mineral that is a natural solid?

inorganic, with characteristic physical properties

What does a hybrid car use?

an efficient gasoline engine and an electric motor

The banded iron formation is evidence for which of these about Earth 2.6 billion years ago?

The atmosphere and oceans contained much less oxygen.

Why does the moon have more impact craters on its surface than Earth does?

Earth’s impact craters destroyed by plate tectonics&erosion.

Coral bleaching is evidence of what change?

an increase in water temperature

What is responsible for stars moving from one stage to the next in a stars life?

when the amount of fuel used in nuclear fusion begins to run out

which of the following correctly represents the life cycle of a star?

nebula, forming star, main sequence, giant, supernova

Scientists study systems that have different scales of size. Pick the LARGEST scale of size.

study of exoplanets to examine origins of the solar system

In what way is Earth like the other inner planets?

It has a relatively high density.

What is an irregular galaxy?

Galaxy with no particular shape

What effect does the elliptical orbit of the moon around Earth have?

distance between Earth and moon varies over a month’s time.

What do scientist believe is the main cause of the warming current warming trend?

An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What happens to the spectral lines of a star that is moving towards earth?

Waves compress, frequency increases

If Earth's orbit was more circular what would happen to the variation in the amount of solar energy receive during year

variation in solar energy would decrease

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Earth Science Exam 1

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Questions 90

Answers

1
How long would a star with the sun's mass stay on the main sequence?
as long as it fuses hydrogen
until it makes uranium
Until it makes iron
as long as it fuses helium
2
Which statement describes solar power plants?
They are inexpensive to install but expensive to maintain.
They are one of the most expensive power plants to operate.
more $$ than nuclear power plants to install & maintain
They are less expensive than coal power plants to operate.
3
Which of these describes cleavage in minerals?
the tendency to break suddenly and without warning
tendency to split specific planes forming flat surfaces
the tendency to split jaggedly, forming irregular surfaces
the tendency to break unevenly with irregular surfaces
4
What determines hydrogen to helium ratio in the universe
rate of nuclear fusion
expansion rate
timing of universe shift from opaque to transparent
density of material
5
2 ways to reduce the amount of water during the life cycle of a pair of jeans.
use less water,use efficient irrigation systems in fields
encourage people to buy alternatives to jeans.
Construct structures to prevent pollution from cotton fields
Design material that=in few emissions during its life cycle
6
Which of these statements correctly describes a benefit of ozone to people?
It increases liver function.
It decreases the chance of developing skin cancer
It clears harmful pollutants from the air.
decreases the probability of developing respiratory problems
7
Which of these accurately describes an undesired product from use of fossil fuels for energy?
Fossil fuels account for 69% of electricity generated in US.
At present rate we will run out of fossil fuels in 250 years
Burning fossil fuels = large amounts of carbon dioxide
All of the above
8
What type of galaxy is the milky way galaxy?
Spiral
Spereical
irregular
Elliptical
9
If the axial tilt of Earth were to increase, how would summers change?
summers would be longer
Summers would be colder
Summers would be hotter
summers would be shorter
10
Rainwater washing away sediment on a hillside is an interaction between which Earth’s spheres?
hydrosphere and geosphere
geosphere and atmosphere
biosphere and hydrosphere
atmosphere and biosphere
11
small bodies from which planets originated during the early formation of the solar system?
planetesimals
comets
asteroids
oort cloud
12
Which of these separates the outer planets from the inner planets?
the Great Red Spot
the Kuiper Belt
the asteroid belt
a large magnetic field
13
What is one disadvantage of wind energy?
Wind turbines generate only a small amount of energy
Wind turbines are not cost-effective.
Large amounts of farmland are needed for the turbines
difficult to transport energy from source to where needed
14
What is Earth’s greatest carbon reservoir?
geosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
atmosphere
15
What is true about how minerals are distributed around Earth?
They are not evenly distributed
They are evenly distributed
Most are found in the atomsphere
Most are found on the Earth’s surface
16
Which of these is usually a quality of a mineral that is a natural solid?
inorganic, with characteristic physical properties
organic, with characteristic physical properties
inorganic, with uncharacteristic physical properties
organic, with uncharacteristic physical properties
17
Rare-earth elements used to make what that retain most important characteristic at high temps?
heart monitors
carbon fibers that are brittle
radioactive energy sources
extremely strong magnets
18
Which of these is the region in which carbon is stored as a type of rock called carbonate?
hemisphere
biosphere
geosphere
atmosphere
19
Which of these is the term for the color of a mineral in powdered form?
luster
fracture
cleavage
streak
20
Which of these elements is the least involved in the cycling of matter on Earth?
nitrogen
gold
carbon
phosphorous
21
What does a hybrid car use?
a photovoltaic cell and an electric motor
an efficient gasoline engine and an electric motor
a low millage combustion engine
a fuel cell and a solar cell
22
What is a large bright star whose hot core has used most of its hydrogen?
Pulsar
Giant
Nova
Super nova
23
The banded iron formation is evidence for which of these about Earth 2.6 billion years ago?
Green plants were unable to photosynthesize at that time
The locations of the ocean currents were much farther north
The atmosphere and oceans contained much less oxygen.
Bits of magnetite in ocean produced Earth’s magnetic field
24
Why does the moon have more impact craters on its surface than Earth does?
earth's magnetic field deflects more objects than weak field
Earth’s impact craters destroyed by plate tectonics&erosion.
earth’s gravity=more objects to collide with moon than Earth
25
Coral bleaching is evidence of what change?
an increase in water temperature
a decrease in sea level
an increase in dissolved carbon dioxide
a decrease in ocean salinity
26
warming of surface & lower atmosphere of Earth (carbon dioxide, water vapor, & other gases)
greenhouse effect
radiation
electromagnetic energy
thermal heat
27
As planets accreted, energy of the colliding objects was transformed into what type of energy?
renewable
potential
thermal
solar
28
What is responsible for stars moving from one stage to the next in a stars life?
when the amount of fuel used in nuclear fusion begins to run out
when nuclear fission begins
when nuclear fission ends
When the temp decreases
29
which of the following correctly represents the life cycle of a star?
forming star, nebula, main sequence, giant, supernova
supernova, nebula, forming star, giant, main sequence
Main sequence, supernova, nebula, giant, forming star
nebula, forming star, main sequence, giant, supernova
30
amount of snowpack in an area each year depends on interaction between which Earth’s spheres?
geosphere and hydrosphere
biosphere and hydrosphere
hydrosphere and atmosphere
atmosphere and geosphere
31
Scientists study systems that have different scales of size. Pick the LARGEST scale of size.
study of blood samples to learn about an unknown disease
study of exoplanets to examine origins of the solar system
study of sun and moon movements to predict tides
study of air &water conditions to find causes of hurricanes
32
In what way is Earth like the other inner planets?
It has a mostly hydrogen and helium core.
It revolves around the sun in 24 hours or less.
It has liquid water on its surface.
It has a relatively high density.
33
Which of these reduces the amount of damage mining does to ecosystems?
subsurface mining
reclamation
nuclear fusion
recycling
34
What are the primary elements that make up Earth’s atmosphere?
hydrogen and nitrogen
oxygen and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide and hydrogen
nitrogen and oxygen
35
What does Kepler’s first law call the paths that planets follow as they orbit the sun?
epicycles
periods
circles
ellipses
36
What is an irregular galaxy?
Galaxy with no particular shape
Galaxy that has high mass and is rich in dust and gas
Galaxy that has vast areas without stars
Galaxy shaped like stretched football
37
Which of these is a region of solar system that starts just beyond Neptune's orbit
The TNO
The Kuiper Belt
Outer Atmosphere
Asteroid Belt
38
What is happening to the orbital velocity of Earth as it gets closer to the sun?
It is getting faster.
It is getting slower.
It varies depending on the current cycle of the sun.
It remains the same.
39
Kepler’s 3rd law=distance of planet from sun & which property of planet’s motion?
gravitational pull
inertia
orbital period
average temperature
40
How will the spectra lines recorded on Earth be shifted for a light-emitting object that is moving neither to nor away?
green shift
blue shift
no shift
redshift
41
What effect does the elliptical orbit of the moon around Earth have?
The orbit is not predictable.
The distance between Earth and the moon changes yearly.
distance between Earth and moon varies over a month’s time.
The orbit affects the changes in Earth’s seasons.
42
What do scientist believe is the main cause of the warming current warming trend?
Earth being an isolated system.
An increase photosynthesizing organisms.
Plate tectonics
An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
43
Which of these is not considered to be a major planet by scientist?
Mercury
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
44
Kepler’s 2nd law states, =areas are covered in = amounts of time when an object does what?
orbits the sun
travels one light-year
spins on its axis
completes an eclipse
45
What happens to the spectral lines of a star that is moving towards earth?
Waves compress, frequency decreases
Wave spreads out, frequency increases
Waves compress, frequency increases
wave spreads out, frequency decreases
46
What would happen to the surface temp. on earth if large amounts of CO2 were removed from the atmosphere?
increase in Northern Hemisphere but decrease in southern hemisphere
There would be no change in surface temp.
Surface temp would increase
surface temp. would decrease
47
What characteristic of CMBR provided evidence the universe is expanding-cosmic background radiation.
CMBR is blue shifted
CMBR gives hydrogen to helium ration
indicated expansion
CMBR comes from all directions
48
Which of the following is a form of evidence of past climate change?
Tree rings
glacial erratic's
rock layers
All of the above
49
mining process in which rock is stripped away to expose mineral deposits near the surface?
subsurface mining
undersea mining
surface mining
placer mining
50
What is a heating system that uses solar collectors?
photovoltaic cell
active system
passive system
geothermal power plant
51
If Earth's orbit was more circular what would happen to the variation in the amount of solar energy receive during year
variation in solar energy would decrease only at high altitudes
Variation in solar energy would increase
variation in solar energy would decrease
there would be no affect on amount of solar energy recieved
52
metals, such as gold and silver, that exist in Earth’s crust as nuggets of pure metal called?
placer deposits
native elements
compounds
ore
53
Which of these describes a process where plants capture and transfer solar energy?
ecology
photosynthesis
oikos
transpiration
54
Where did the materials that formed Earth come from?
the solar nebula
the Crab nebula
the Oort cloud
the remnants of a black hole
55
Most of the mass of our solar system is found where?
moon
sun
planets
asteroids
56
Which of these are objects that circle stars other than Earth's sun?
Moons
Exoplanets
Planetesimals
Nebulas
57
What does the Milankovitch theory attempt to explain?
Patterns of weather
Global warming
How the Great Lakes Formed
Causes of ice ages
58
What has happened to light that has been blueshifted?
amplitude has been decreased
wavelength has been increased
wavelength has been shortened
Frequency has been decreased
59
Which law describes the speed at which objects travel at different points in their orbits?
law of equal areas
law of periods
law of ellipses
law of eccentricity
60
Which mineral is the hardest?
gypsum
diamond
talc
fluorite
61
what would be a major benefit of making the frames of cars out of carbon fibers?
fibers would absorb pollution released from cars=cleaner air
Cars would weigh less, resulting in greater fuel efficiency
mining of carbon fibers=less pollution than extracted metals
At current prices, cars would be more expensive to produce
62
What is the energy source in which a dam plays a key role?
geothermal
hydroelectric
wind energy
active solar
63
Which example of how the water cycle includes interactions with the biosphere?
Strong waves wash away sand at a beach
Rainwater falls on a grassy slope
Ocean water evaporates and forms clouds.
Sediment on a mountainside is washed away.
64
What do ice core samples in Antarctica reveal about Earth?
variations in the thickness of atmospheric ozone
the rate of surface ice melting due to global warming
the increasing and decreasing cycle of sea level
changes in the composition of the atmosphere
65
What did hubbles discovery of the red shift prove.
universe is expanding
universe is contracting
black holes exist
Big Bang Theory
66
What is the approximate age of the Universe?
2.5 Trillion years
4.6 billion years
300 million years
13.8 billion years
67
What are Northern Lights?
Coronas
Solar Flares
Auroras
Prominences
68
Which statement explains the type of system Earth is?
open system, both matter and energy flow into and out of it.
isolated system, it is separated in space from other objects
closed system, energy but not matter flows in and out of it
shielded, its atmosphere reflects materials that strike it
69
CMBR proves what in the early universe history?
microwave radiation
previous universe
first visable light
supernova
70
Kepler’s 1st law, the orbit of a planet is an ellipse with what object at or near focus?
its star
its center
the galactic center
its moon
71
Which statement describes a benefit of using a graph instead of a table when interpreting data?
shows trends or patterns more clearly than a table does.
depicts similarities in information better than a table does
easier to organize into categories than a table is.
shows more data than a table does.
72
What is the term for how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface?
luster
streak
radioactivity
refraction
73
What is one of the main limitations of using solar energy to generate electricity?
It cannot be connected to the electrical grid.
Solar systems are difficult to install
It is unpredictable in different seasons.
Maximum efficiency of solar systems is very low
74
What problem is solved by sending telescopes into space
interference of gamma rays in detecting electromagnetic radiation
interference of dry air in detecting electromagnetic radiation
interference of earths atmosphere in detecting electromagnetic radiation
inability of earth telescopes to detect invisible electromagnetic radiation
75
What type of energy does a well that is drilled to reach hot water heated by magma harness?
geothermal energy
hydroelectric energy
solar energy
nuclear energy
76
What is the source of 7% of the United States’ electricity?
wind energy
biomass
hydroelectric energy
geothermal power
77
Why does the use of fossil fuels present a major global challenge?
nonrenewable resource but how we use them can be renewable
gases released when burned are difficult to track
remove fossil fuels from ground shows change of climate.
pollution caused must be balanced w/ abundance & cheap costs
78
Which sentence best describes the Earth system?
very stable simple system that doesn't change much over time
parts that interact over short and long periods of time
complicated system that often doesn't follow laws of nature
system that doesn't gain or lose energy to other systems
79
what is the color of the hottest stars?
blue
white
red
yellow
80
What process marks the beginning of the life of a star
convection in the radiative zone of star
coronal mass ejection CME
fusing hydrogen into helium
fusing hydrogen into carbon
81
What is the benefit of LED lights over standard light bulbs in terms of natural resources?
LEDs can be powered by alternative forms
LEDs require less power to light
At the same wattage, LEDs produce fewer harmful lumens.
LEDs are cheaper to produce than standard light bulbs.
82
What are true about the lifespan of a very massive star when compared to a less massive star?
Massive stars have a much longer life cycle
Lighter stars burn up much faster than more massive stars
Lighter stars can live trillions of years
only massive stars fuse hydrogen
83
Which statement describes the interaction between sunlight and atmospheric ozone?
Most of sun’s radiation is reflected by ozone into space
Solar energy combines oxygen molecules and ozone molecules.
ozone layer expands when it absorbs sun’s infrared radiation
Ozone molecules break when they absorb sun’s UV radiation.
84
Scientist determine the composition and temperature of stars
through samples of matter on the surface of stars
through magnetic testing
by analyzing the spectra of the light that stars emit
by analyzing the vibrations that stars emit
85
What temperature is cosmic background radiation?
almost absolute zero
3000 degrees c
0 degrees C
270 degrees C
86
Most increase in carbon in the atmosphere is in what form?
carbon in methane
DNA
carbon dioxide
elemental carbon
87
What happens to the spectrum of a star that is moving away from Earth?
unchanged
shifts toward blue
Shifts towards red
loses its color
88
Which of these is not a characteristic of white dwarfs
hot, extremely dense core
very bright absolute magnitude
long period of existence
position in the lower left of the H-R diagram
89
Which description would most likely apply to an older star?
Located in Globular Cluster
Located in globular cluster
Located in elliptical cluster
Located in Open Cluster
90
can result in the highly profitable mining of rare-earth elements in developing countries?
few environmental regulations and poorly paid workers
evaporation of water and a location next to a harbor
fracking technologies and near-surface deposits
well-paid workers and advanced leaching chemicals

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