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Enviro Health Midterm Study Guide Flashcards | StudBud
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Enviro Health Midterm Study Guide
Enviro Health Midterm Study Guide
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1
how do you get Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Inhalation of rodent (deer mice) urine and feces
Inhalation of human urine and feces
Inhalation of domestic animal urine and feces
Inhalation of cattle urine and feces
2
What is a confounding variable?
a variable that has affected the study
a variable that has been controlled
a variable that could affect the study
3
what is Malaria?
A cold you can catch
deadly disease that causes you to drop dead in 6 minutes
Infectious disease carried by mosquitoes
Infectious disease carried by midges
4
Mortality is:
The number of deaths caused by disease, illness or other.
The number of deaths caused by accidents and emergencies.
The cause of death by lifestyle disease
The incidence and level of sickness
5
What happens during the transitional stage of the demographic transition?
Birthrates begin to fall
Birth rates increase
Death rates begin to fall
Death rates increase
6
Which words do you associate with Rachel Carson?
environmental writer, activist, DDT
mystery writer, famous, United Nations
United Nations, president, crops
senator, religion, freedom
7
What type of pathogen causes Bubonic Plague?
Parasite
Virus
Bacteria
Fungus
8
What disease has the highest case fatality rate?
Ebola
Nipah
H5N1
Rabies
9
Incidence is...
static concept
cause of death
direct indicator of risk
low risk for disease
10
How is Malaria transmitted?
Through contaminated food or water
From insect bites
Through unprotected sex
Exclusively through the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes
11
According to the population pyramid, in 2050 Japan will have what type of growth?
Slow growth
Rapid growth
Linear growth
Negative growth
12
The study of human population growth is called?
Populography
Population Size
Global Warming
Demography
13
Replacement rate is a fertility rate of ....
10.1
6.1
2.1
0.1
14
The virus that causes AIDS is called ___________________?
HAV
HBV
HCV
HIV
15
The 3 P's in environmental health do NOT include
poverty
parasites
population
pollution
16
Pathogens are...
Bacteria
Disease causing organisms
Organisms that live in/on hosts and feed off their nutrients
A form of treatment that prevents a disease from occurring
17
Describe the third stage of the demographic transition
high birth rate, declining death rate
high death rate, high birth rate
little to no natural increase
low birth rate, low death rate, declining natural increase
18
Rachel Carson wrote the book...
Modern Environment
Smell of Money
Silent Spring
Clean Air, Clean Water
19
morbidity can be defined as
the death rate of a population
the patterns of illness in a population
the predetermined lifespan of a person
a feature of depression
20
What are the parts of the epidemiologic triangle?
Environment, contagion, reservoir
Host, Agent, Environment
Mode of transmission, environment, host
Host, bacteria, environment
21
What is hydrophobia?
rabies
typhoid
diphtheria
measles
22
effects of Zika virus
birth defects
permanent sores
loss of brain function
23
Which pathogen causes malaria?
fungus
bacteria
protist
virus
24
Hill’s criteria of causality include which of the following:
Temporality
All of the above
Analogy
Strength of Association
25
What is a zoonotic disease?
Virus that originates in animals but can be passed to humans
Virus that originates in humans but then passes to animals.
Virus originates in humans but cannot be passed to animals.
A disease you get at the zoo
26
What animal did the H5N1 virus affect?
cats
birds
mice
dogs
27
The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is
publication in peer-reviewed journals
use of an appropriate comparison group
lab confirmation of the diagnosis
statistical analysis using logistic regression
28
Which is a factor of emerging zoonoses?
Deforestation
All the above
Urbanization
War
29
Prevalence of an illness is also known as
life expectancy
incidence
mortality
morbidity
30
a model that describes how economic and social changes affect population growth rates.
survivorship
age structure
demographic transition
demography
31
John Snow is famous for his epidemiology work because he __________.
Analyzed Britain's mortality statistics
Mapped cholera deaths to discover the cause of disease
Suggested environmental and behaviors may influence disease
Is an actor on Game of Thrones
32
Relative Risk tells us what about a disease?
If the risk of getting the disease is linked to one exposure
How likely your relatives are to get the disease
How quickly the disease is spreading
How many people in a population have the disease
33
In cohort studies we know the
disease
two of these
diagnosis
exposure
34
When a virus becomes a pandemic
mutates
has a high death rate
spreads over a wide geographic area
covers half your body
35
What does a toxicologist do?
Give cures to poisoned victims
Make your drink
Study and perform tests to find the effects of chemicals
Cure poisoning from poison control
36
The ecological systems model focuses on...
The impact of the individual on their environments.
Behaviors
The impact of one's environments on them.
The individual
37
All of the following are contributions of epidemiology to environmental health except:
Use of observational data
Methodology for study designs
Concern with populations
Intricate experimentation
38
What is epidemiology?
Study of people and behaviours
Study of health statistics in different countries
study of diseases in animals
Study of spread of infectious diseases in human population
39
A community of interacting living things and their physical environment.
Natural Resources
Biosphere
Ecosystem
40
Sir Percival Pott
Was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments
Argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as mal
Was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer
Established postulates for transmission of infectious disease.
41
The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on
non-contagious diseases such as heart disease or diabetes.
causes of death at varying stages of demographic transition.
the means through which disease is transmitted spatially.
pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS.
42
What did Dr. Walter Reed discover while building the Panama Canal?
The cost of building the Panama Canal would be $400 million
The mosquitoes caused yellow fever
Frequent rains caused bad mudslides in Panama
The native people were very friendly
43
What does an Industrial Hygienist do?
Research, create & test materials for new products and uses
Find & prevent oral disease like tooth decay & gingivitis
Identify & prevent workplace illness & health hazards
Make precision metal parts with computers & mechanical tools
44
Who Uses Epidemiology?
Teachers and Professors
Researchers and University Students
Government and Parents
Researchers, Health Dept Officials, Doctors and Government
45
Which of the following was established by Hippocrates?
Doctrine of Anatomy
Doctrine of Signatures
Doctrine of Humors
Surgery
46
No satisfactory treatment exists for any of the arboviral encephalitides.
True
False
47
Prevalence is...
Low risk for disease
Measure of burden of disease
Number of new cases of illness
Dynamic concept
48
This occurs when population growth reaches carrying capacity
The population crashes
All vectors increase
nothing
The population runs out of available resources
49
Which of the following is the most crucial environmental influence on health?
Food, water, and exposure to toxic substances
Health care system in the local community
Religious and cultural beliefs and values
Government in the local community
50
Why are younger people more sensitive to environmental hazards?
They don't have an immune system yet
They don't have a well developed immune system yet
They don't have organ systems yet
They are more allergic to their environment
51
Mechanism of transmission of influenza include all EXCEPT:
pigs
humans
aquatic birds
hamsters
52
John snow studied what?
Virology
Propagation of cholera
Microbial Morphology
Etiology
53
Epidemiology is not...
used in statistics
a public health science
disease causing
involved in evaluation of interventions
54
Which is NOT a challenge of case-control studies?
Misclassification bias
Selection bias
Organization bias
Recall bias
55
Epidemiology is a precise science.
False
True
56
Prevalence refers to
Incidence of risk of a complex disorder
Prevailing over a disease, reducing risk in a population
Severity of the trait in a particular population
Portion of a population with a trait at a specific time
57
Growth rates can be
negative
zero
positive
All of the above
58
Which of these countries are in stage three of the Demographic Transition Model?
Brazil
Australia
England
Japan
59
The Texas sharpshooter effect illustrates:
a diagnosis based on a presumption
an incidence rate
a disease in a large area
insect pests invading a crop
60
What is one of the goals of the
Healthy People 2020
plan?
Alter school lunches to be more nutrient rich
Make high quality food more accessible to the homless
Create healthy physical and social environments
Completely get rid of trans-fats from the school lunch room
61
Density-independent limiting factors to population growth include
stress from overcrowding
competition
parasitism
natural disasters
62
What was John Snow the father of?
Curingpeopleology
Epidemiology
Miasmology
Cholerology
63
Which agency protects human health & the environment
None of the above
EPA
Osha
FDA
64
Will antibiotics help you if you have a virus?
no
yes
65
Which species of Plasmodium causes the most serious form of malaria?
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. falciparum
P. malariae
66
Read statement: It this incidence or prevalence data?
Prevalence
Incidence
67
A weakness of environmental epidemiology includes
invalid exposure estimates
insufficient sample size
uncontrolled variables
all of the answers
68
Hippocrates is the...
Father of Math
Father of Science
FATHER OF GAMES
Father of Medicine
69
What is a population
All the organisms in an area
All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area
an individual living thing
All the members of the same species in a particular area
70
All studies below are correctly classified as Descriptive studies, EXCEPT:
Cross-sectional
Case report
Case series
Clinical Trial
71
When is the prevalence of Malaria the highest?
During the months following September
During the rainy season
During winter
During the summer
72
The virus that causes avian, or bird flu is known as _______________.
H1N1
West Nile Virus
Ebola
H5N1
73
As human population increases, the amount of human environmental impacts-
fluctuates
increases
decreases
stays the same
74
A descriptive epidemiologic study is one that
concerned with amount and distribution of cases
concerned only with characterizing the timing of the cases
concerned only with characterizing distribution of cases
concerned only with characterizing only the amount of cases
75
What is the agent of HIV/AIDS?
Parasite
Bacteria
Fungus
Virus
76
Cross-sectional studies measure prevalence, while Cohort studies measure Incidence.
True
False
77
Progressives: Why is Upton Sinclair important?
He wrote "Cinderella Story" of how Teddy became president
He wrote: "The Automobile" which exposed dangerous cars
He wrote "The Jungle" about Chicago meatpacking industry
He wrote "The Circus" about modern day politics
78
What does Epidemiology tell us?
How many parents vaccinate their children
Why people can get STDs
Basic health status in quantifiable measures of ill health
How many people will die next year
79
What is the population growth equation?
Change in population size = Births + Deaths
Change in population size = Births - Deaths
Change in population Size+ Births = Deaths
80
biotic or abiotic factor that resist the growth of a population
interdependent relationship
limiting factor
carrying capacity
competition
