Ch. 6 Outline McKay

Voltaire believed in God (was a deist) andhated allforms of religious intolerance, which he believed led to fanaticism.

Drawing on Greek ideas, Copernicus theorized that the stars and planets, including the earth,revolved around a _______.

Newton is an example of the interweaving of ideas and beliefs. He was both religious and also fascinated by ___.

The concept of ___ (displaced earth from the center of the universe)threatened the place of mankind in creation(Genesis)

Johannes Kepler, ____ assistant, rejected ____ observations and developed 3 new revolutionary laws of planetary motion

All religious leaders rejected the notion that earth moved since it contradicted the (literal) reading of the Bible

As Europe recovered from the the Black Death, the Renaissance provided a foundation for the Scientific Revolution.

The Catholic Church, which had never held to literal interpretations of the Bible....

According to the Christianized view of Aristotle, a ___________ earth was ________at the center of the universe.

Voltaire & other philosophes revered China as a weak culture with wisdom & learning, ruled by evil, absolutist monarchs

Astrology and alchemy were practices of the Scientific Revolution that no longer belong to the realm of science

Out of this period of turmoil, came John Locke's theory that all ideas are derived from ____.

Copernicus used math to describe planetary movement; Kepler __ mathematically the relations of a sun-centered system

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in ___ freedom but that ___ and civilization destroyed, rather than liberated individuals

Kant argued that if intellectuals were granted freedom to exercise their ___ publicly in print, ____ would surely follow

Kepler demonstrated that orbits of the planets around the sun are elliptical rather than circular

Ptolemy’s idea that the planets moved in small circles, called _____, accounted for the gaps in _____ cosmology.

The re-establishemnt of stronger ______ and growth of trade in the High Middle Ages contributed to a renewal in ______.

Francis Bacon (1561–1626)argued that new knowledge had to be pursued through ____ research

Enlightenment thinkers believed ____ progress was possible, & human problems could be addressed through methods of ___.

Tycho Brahe _____ the idea that the heavenly spheres were unchanging and therefore perfect

Universities and professional organizations, with a few exceptions, refused to accept women as members

Made his own telescope, and quickly discovered the first four moons of Jupiter,which supported the Copernican theory

Enlightenment thought result- ideals of freedom/liberty for white Europ. while legitimizing the enslavement of others

Scientific Revolution’s insistence on empirical observation gave urge to classify nature, a catalyst for new ideas on __

Voltaire wrote works mixing the glorification of ____ and ____ with an appeal for better individuals and institutions

The ______ Crown pionered and sponsored many scientific expeditions

___’s synthesis of mathematics with physics & astronomy united the whole universe in one coherent system

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), challenged the old ideas about motion and led to his law of __ proving __ physics wrong

Three concepts were central to Enlightenment thinking...

William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood through veins & arteries & challenged the ideas of Galen

Descartes decided that it was necessary to doubt everything and to use ___reasoning from self-evident principles.

_____build the most sophisticated observatory of his day.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) felt that _____'s inaccurate rules of astronomy detracted from a perfect creator.