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AAP 115 - Emerging Europe Flashcards | StudBud
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AAP 115 - Emerging Europe
AAP 115 - Emerging Europe
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Answers
1
Stonehenge is thought to have taken how many hours to build?
3 Thousand
3 Million
30 Thousand
30 Million
2
How does radiocarbon dating work?
Measuring the decay of C14 in a dead organism
Measuring nitrates with dead organisms
Measuring the decay of C4 in a dead organism
Counting tree rings
3
Renfew, Dixon and Cann's 1960s studies used ____ to determine the chemical elements of obsidian
Radio spectrometry
Cristallo quartzite analysis
Optical emission spectrometry
Neutron activation analysis
4
When did agriculturalists start to occupy Greece?
4-2,000 BC
6-4,000 BC
9-6,000 BC
7-5,000 BC
5
What characteristics might tell us that cereals have been domesticated?
They are small grained
They shatter when ripe
They are large-grained
They don't shatter once ripe
6
DNA analysis has shown the wild ancestor of modern einkorn cereals did not exist in Europe
False
True
Not sure
7
Which of these is a Neolithic flint mine?
Grime Graves
Great Orme
Bronfloyd
Varna Necropolis
8
Household metallurgy is thought to have begun in Belovode - which country is this in?
Bulgaria
Japan
Italy
Serbia
9
There is a clear pattern of more secondary products being produced to support marginal colonies
False - Used intense exchange of materials as subsidence
True - Can be seen through animal mortality models
10
How many stages was Stonehenge supposed to be built in?
5
3
2
4
11
Which of these is not a secondary product?
Meat
Milk
Wool
Traction
12
what does Homogenous mean?
Rocks with varying composition
Rocks with a uniform composition
Rocks that are produced via volcanic activity
Rocks that come from the same outcrop
13
Spindler and Henn realised the body was much older than first thought - Otzi has been dated to
3,300 - 3,200 BC
4,000 - 4,200 BC
3,000 - 3,100 BC
4,500 - 3,100 BC
14
What did J. Monmoth believe about how Stonehenge was built?
I was the final resting place of the last of the giants
That Stonehenge was built by being from another world
Constructed by druids
It was the temple of Arther build by Merlin
15
Which one of these is not a type of burial mound?
Cursus Monuments
Grass-capped chambers
Long Barrows
Causeway Enclosures
16
What did Boggard believe the types of weed found in central Europe show?
The soil has been heavily manured
Evidence of wholesale rapid change
Long term permanent cultivation - not slash and burn
Small scale domestic production
17
What did the Linear B texts discovered in the Minoan Palaces of Konossos contain?
It was a census report
The location of Agamemnon's final resting place
Records of the movement of commodities
Ancient Minoan literature
18
What is Capacocha?
The name of the sedative given to sacrificed children
Incan child sacrifices
A type of blunt force trauma to the head which is ceremonial
The name of the ceremonial platform at Llullaillaco summit
19
What are places, such as mines, where Neolithic people collected their resources from called?
Procurement Sites
Interaction zones
Outcrops
Distribution zones
20
Dis the secondary products revolution actually take place?
Probs
Yes
Ask Collin
No
21
What is skeuomorphism?
The detoxification of food
Imitation
The ritual association of pottery and feasts
The process of sun baking pottery
22
Childe believed longhouses in central Europe were ...
Evidence of primitive farming
Evidence of sophisticated farming
Built to house livestock
Adapted from former hunter-gatherer settlements
23
What did Childe
not
believe about farming?
Once people know how to do it they stop hunter-gathering
It was more advanced than hunter-gathering
Ancient farming sites are lost due to the rising Aegean sea
They brought domesticates from SW Asia
24
In terms of Social Evolution Theory, pottery is seen as the transition from ______ to ______
Physical surplus to social symbolic capital
Ground stone axes to metallurgy
Nomadism to sedentism
Upper savagery to lower barbarism
25
Instead of Troy Schliemann found the Mycenaen ...
Late bronze age
Late noelithic
Middle bronze age
Early bronze age
26
Renfrew believed people moved into Britain and constructed megalithic to ....
A type of proto-church
Mark the centre of a settlement
To perform sacrifices
To State claims to the land
27
Which of these isn't sited by Sherratt as evidence of the secondary products revolution?
Cartwheels found in bogs and plough marks under barrows
Lip residue of milk in jugs and pots from the time
In 3,000 BC Knossos adult male sheep were used for wool
Art from 4-3 BC in Northern Europe of sheep pulling ploughs
28
True or false: pottery is used in nearly every culture around the world?
Peter Day please send help
I love POTtery
True
False
29
What is thought to evidence of adoption of farming rather than colonisation?
Uzzo, Sicily - Mesolithic and neolithic diet culture overlap
Mesolithic & Neolithic bones processed different ways mixed
Mediterranean island Sheep get later the further travelled
Franchthi, Greece - 100-200 year gap between deposits
30
In what year was ' The Ice Man's ' (Otzi's) body discovered by two hikers?
1996
1998
1993
1991
31
Which of these
don't
Aggrandizers use pottery for?
Harvesting cereals from small scale farms
Power and influence
Social prestidge
Self-serving genirosity
32
What two things cause human bodies to decompose after death?
Y Haplogroup G2a4
Exogenous Bacteria
Enzyme Decay
Anoxic conditions
33
What does having an agricultural diet mean for the spread of farming?
Greater nutrition lead to cognitive growth & advanced tools
Genetic variations within populations became lessened
Ability for labour intensive work, more food = more people
Babies can be weaned quicker and so populations grow rapidly
34
Microwear studies show us what stone tools were used for, what else supposedly does this?
Pressure Flaking
Solidification
Direct Percussion
Residue analysis
35
Hitting a stone at an oblique angle causes ...
Tiny flakes to split off
Percussion residue
A bulber scar
Long thin blades to split off
36
What did Childe believe about the Cyclades?
They were inhabited by prehistoric animals
Weren't of any significance to the archaeological record
They were in charge of Canoe routes in the Mediterranean
They were stepping stones for colonies from Turkey to Greece
37
When was the second phase of construction carried out?
2,400 - 2,100 BC
3,000 - 2,600 BC
2,600 - 2,100 BC
3,100 - 2,900 BC
38
Shared genetic material between south Italians, Greek and Turkish populations could be due to -
Celtic warrior tribes
The Byzantine Empire
Greek invasions
The Roman Empire
39
What did Andrew Sherratt state about the beginnings of metalwork?
Inappropriate to apply modern technological development to
Great civilisations make metals
Advantages of metals drove people to master environment
The bright colours of metal ores attracted people to them
40
Slash and burn farming an example of ...
Unequal Cultivation
Shifting cultivation
Primitive farming
Domestic husbandry
41
We learn about lithics from the archaeological record and other sources, which isn't one?
Experimental archaeology
Scientific analysis
Lithic module formulas
Ethnographic observation
42
When did pyrogenic copper production begin?
1,000 years ago
6,000 - 5,000 years ago
7,000 years ago
4,000 - 3,000 years ago
43
True or False: Otzi was likely a cattle herder making a routine journey with his livestock
True - he was found with various animal remains
False - it is more likely he was hunting
True - but arthritis in his lower spine made it difficult
False - he was a cereal farmer travelling back home
44
True or False: the Sensen stones, weighing 24 tons, came from the Plymouth - 130 miles away
False - they are from Cambridgeshire
True - no one understands how they transported them
False - they naturally occur as a feature of the landscape
True - They transported them on log rollers
45
Who believed megalithic missionaries built these stone and earthwork structures?
Sherratt
Renfrew
Childe
Balkans
46
Why is Stonehenge technically not even a henge?
The ditch and bank are on the outside
The ditch and bank are on the inside
The Stones are not a perfect circle
There aren't enough stones for it to be a henge
47
Where is the oldest pottery found?
China
Russia
Greece
Japan
48
From when do we see ceramic vessels being used in neolithic crete?
7,000 BP
6,500 BP
10,000 BP
4,500 BP
49
Which of these is
incorrect
about Otzi?
He was 20-55 years old
He was 5ft''2in
19/3,700 Tyrolean men have DNA relating to Otzi
Had normal femur but stong tibia so adapted to rough terrain
50
Which of these is not a flake specific trait?
Sequential microwear
Bulb percussion
Conchoidal Fractures
Bulber Scar
51
What does Isotropic mean?
A rock that is able to be easily smoothed and polished
An elastic type of rock
Material that fractures in any direction
A rock with microscopic crystal structures
52
What was a disadvantage of the marginalised area of Alpine forlands?
Short growing season
Cursed land
Poor Soil
Too cold to keep livestock
53
In which phase were the Sarsen stones added?
Stage 3
Not until modern times
Stage 2
Stage 1
54
Modern Europeans have genetic distribution SE to NW making up 22 % of genetic variability
False - it makes up 28% of genetic variability
False - it disproves spread of people from SE to NW
True - genetic spread of people matches demic diffusion
True - and SW to NE makes up 28%
55
Which archaeologist said "Competition for metals gave rise to complex societies"
Childe
Sherratt
Wheeler
Renfrew
56
'The grand synthesis' - archaeology, genetics and language reinforce one another, a theory from
Childe
COLLIN
Renfrew
Ammermann and Cavalli
57
What is the name of the supposed neolithic settlement near Stonehenge
Ring of Brodgar
Silbury Hill
Durrington Walls
Old Sarum
58
Which one of these is not a copper ore?
Hematite
Pyrite
Bornite
Malachite
59
In cold conditions, mummification occurs because bacteria don't survive - how about bog bodies?
Preserving agents are applied to the body
The absence of water
The absence of internal organs
The anoxic and acidic conditions of bog preserve the dead
60
True or False: Stonehenge is aligned with magnetic north
False
False - It's aligned with the north star
True
61
Why had people assumed the body of Otzi was modern?
Modern day clothing was found near the body
Movement & force of ice meant bodies couldn't be ancient
Blunt force trauma to the head made it look like a crime
appeared to be buried in a modern-day coffin
62
When people moved into marginal areas -
They kept just sheep as livestock
They hunted their food
They kept cattle as livestock
They kept Sheep and Goats as livestock
63
Where was some of the earliest metal work conducted?
Varna in Bulgaria
Ross island in Irland
Nahal Mishmar in Israel
The Austrian Alps
64
Which carbon molecule is involved in radiocarbon dating?
C14
C11
C6
C4
65
Finley stated that the Linear B texts showed an economic model with a centre that redistributes
But there's little evidence that the Minoan centres gave out
But the texts showed a simple exchange model
But every citizen gives the centre the same resources
But there is no archeological evidence of this
66
What did Evans discover in Knossos in Crete?
The final resting place of Homer
Minoan Palaces
Mycenaean Palaces
Mayan Temples
67
Why might Childe's writings be pre-dispositioned to seeing radical changes in pre-history?
The three-age-system draw attention to transition periods
Because that was the case
Reinforced by patchy excerpts from the archaeological record
Because he wanted to sound clever and get lots of ca$h money
68
What is Debitage?
A type of stone tool projectile
Way of re-fitting flakes to reconstruct a core
Waste flakes
A collection of core tools
69
From his dentition, we have realised Otzi lived most of his life in ....
Northern Italy
Southern Italy
Northern Austria
Western Austria
70
Which of these is not a trace element found in Renfrew's 1970s studies of meditation obsidian?
Lanthanum
Zirconium
Scandium
Caesium
71
What is a core tool?
Made from the original lump of rock
Specific type of tool for hunting
Tools made from flakes split off from a large rock
Tools used and made only by the 'cordial' people of Italy
72
Was Childe correct in saying metallurgy was only invented once and spread across the continent?
No
Yes
73
When does Stonehenge date to?
4600 BC
4000 BC
3300 BC
2100 BC
74
What is Demic Diffusion?
New settlements are set up with each new generation
The diffusion of pottery across Europe
The spread of Neolithic toolkits from South East Asia
The migration of wild sheep and cattle
75
Andrew Sherratt theorized The secondary products revolution predisposed ..
Europeans to being lactose tolerant
Marginal farmers to diseases
People to a limited material culture
Local people to diffusion across the land
76
In the neolithic we see a much wider range of tools being used - when was this time period?
6,000 - 2,200 BC
9,000 - 3,000 BC
7,000 - 4,000 Bc
5,000 - 1,500 BC
77
Obsidian is a glass-like volcanic rock which contains high amounts of ______
Sulpher
Sodium
Silver
Silica
78
The process of smoothing granular rocks is referred to as ...
Sanding
Grinding
Abrading
Shaping
79
What was a distinct characteristic of furnaces used for metalwork in parts of Greece?
Placed on windy cliffs holes allowed to elevated temperature
Used billows to create elevated temperatures
Were only found in caves underground
Used blowpipes to achieve elevated temperatures
80
Solidarity of hunter-gatherers is reinforced through food sharing - what about for farmers?
Pottery
Farmers don't have solidarity
Also food sharing
Labouring for one another
81
Small Mesolithic sheep have been found in France and Spain, is this evidence of domestication?
No - layers of sediment have likely just been mixed together
No - thought to be examples of birdman's rule instead
Yes - Mesolithic farmyards have been excavated there too
Yes - domesticated animals are smaller
82
Which one of these is not a characteristic of the distribution of agriculturalist in Greece?
Lived in egalitarian villages
Inhabited the Northern Plains first
Were the first people to produce cast iron tools
Lived off of cereals and livestock
83
To be an efficient stone tool rocks must be elastic, deform easily, isotropic and ...
Hollow
Malleable
Brittle
Igneous
84
Who believed they discovered the ruins of Troy in the 1870s
Schliemann
Perse
Milman
Evans
85
Pottery is thought to establish categorical differences in ...
The Mesolithic and the Neolithic
Material culture between farmers and foragers
Material culture between the East and the West
Directionality
86
When was the first aerial photograph of Stonehenge taken?
1906
1932
1910
1927
87
Which of these did originate in Northern Europe?
Barley
The Opium poppy
Spelt
Wheat
88
Renfew (1960s) found obsidian was a material used in ....
Neolithic currency
Down the line exchange
Jewellery for royalty
Long distance trading
89
Which islands do SW farmers colonise firstly?
Island's that weren't already populated
Large islands with many resources and neighbours
Smaller easier to defend islands
Islands with a lots of silver to mine
90
In terms of mortality models, when is the best age to cull male sheep for meat production?
Infant
You don't - you must cull the female sheep instead
Adolescent/subadult
Elderly
91
To achieve black reduced ware, what conditions do you need?
Apply a thick homogenous slip before firing
Limited amounts of oxygen
Add nitrogen to the furnace during heating
Increased levels of oxygen
92
Why is it thought that Lipari and Palmerola obsidian tools overlapped (Renfrew, 1970s)?
Palmerola obsidian was more desirable
People used both types for different types of tool
There wasn't enough obsidian if using only one source
Lipari Obsidian was more desirable
93
What did Frison's 1980 experimental archaeology study involve?
Flake scrappers cleaning deer hides
Han-axes chopping into spruce tree trunks
Stone blades cutting into pork fat
Projectile points launched at elephant hides
94
Which of these was
not
found with Otzi's body?
Birch bark container
A bow and quiver
What appears to be a child's drawing
Copper Axe
95
Where do the Bluestones of Stonehenge come from in Wales?
Pwllheli Gorge
Ponterwyd hills
Porthcawl quarry
The Preseli Mountains
96
Striking a micro-crystalline rock such as flint causes _______
The stone to shatter into pieces
Long thin blades to split off
A conchoidal fracture
Shockwaves that create cones
97
What made early archaeologists think Mycenean trade was directed towards Northern Europe
Depicted on highly decorated pots from the time
Similarities in material culture
They have found Mycenean technology in Wessex
Ancient texts describe this process
98
What is a lithic tool?
Tools made for writing or inscribing
A type of ancient writing
Tools made from bone or antler materials
Stone tool - stone modified by humans for specific a purpose
99
What is stone boiling?
Less efficient than boiling in a ceramic vessel
A type of ritual
When you boil a stone
When you heat stones and place them in water
