How does partisanship shape economic views

my party is not incumbent; economy must not be doing well.

speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)

ruled it unconstitutional 2 limit contributions to independent expenditures

what are u making plans about

what to do if u are incumbent/challenger, insurgent/clarifying, ect.

what caused the shifts into new eras?

influential actors, expansion of voting pool, technological advancements.

What are the basic rules for donors and interest groups

limit of $3k, donors must be disclosed

no spending limits bc of 1stA, appearance of corruption=donation limtis

What is an interest group?

people/organizations with shared concerns that attempt to influence policy

What laws & supreme court cases have shaped our campaign finance system?

FECA,Buckley v. Valeo,BCRA,Mcconnel v. FEC, Citizens united

How do states differ in their basic voting rules?

ID requirements and permission of felons to vote

What constrains what candidates can say about issues?

key voting blocs, their party, donors, interest groups.

What influences a candidate’s decision to “go negative”?

Perceived standing in the race. Incumbency/Challenger status Gender

2 rulings that paved the way for super PACs

Citizens united v. FEC (2010), speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)

what is a sociotropic voter

Vote based on economy as a whole

What differentiates them?

Time period and increasing campaign complexity (fundraising, rallies)

What are the potential effects of media consumption?are they powerful

Persuasion,Agenda setting,Priming,Informing; sometimes

How do they decide their position on these issues

party affiliation and popularity of the opinion

Does money impact election outcomes?

not really bc donors donate to people they already agree with.

What is the theory of the “invisible primary”? Is it still relevant today?

work of party leaders and power brokers bts shaping the nomination. yes

What caused the number of interest groups to grow?

Improved capabilities of fundraising, FECA, Campaign Finance Law (results in PACs), Social Movements and mobilization

Who are the groups of voters campaigns could potentially target and how do they discover this?

Uses databases and polling for predictions for pursuadable focus groups

What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?

Ballot Initiatives, Contributions, Independent Expenditures, Other, non-monetary contributions too

What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?

Mobilization, Endorsements, Candidate Recruitment and Preparation, Scorecards and voter guides

In what ways have voting rights been expanded?

Allowing black men to vote (A15), 18 year olds (A26) and women (A19)

What caused the number of interest groups to grow?

Government expansion, Citizens United and Speechnow.org

What type of benefits do interest group members seek?

Selective or collective benefits

What is an insurgent candidate?

being the incumbent candidate while the economy is doing poorly

What are the basic rules for voting?

Be registered, a citizen, and at least 18 years old.

What are the consequences of negative campaigning?

Increase distrust, Drives voter interest, May demobilize the electorate

What influences whether a politician runs or not?

Motivation, opportunity (if party will do well), resources/staffing

What are the basic processes for voting?

Most states require registration at least 30 days before the election.

What does media coverage of campaigns typically look like? What types of races get covered?.

media want personality novelty conflict skeptics strat; president election

what does a prospective voter base their vote on?

voters focus on how will candidate shape future economic conditions

What are the eras of campaigns?

Pre-Democratic, Mass Mobilization, Progressive Era, Candidate, Contemporary

What does it mean when a campaign is “nationalized”?

running on federal level issues to increase campaign donations

what is the reality of a campaign?

elecion context party performance candidate background interests of public

What are the constraints on parties?

Campaign finance rules and regulations Reality of key issues.

What are the types of media?

Social media, television, radio, literature

What are the competing theories about voters and the economy?

Pocketbook voter/ sociotropic voter/Prospective voter/retrospective voter

What is “horse race coverage”?

framing an election based on who is winning/losing

What should insurgent candidates do during their campaign?

Avoid talking about the economy

What does the principle of “one person, one vote” mean?

Mandates redistricting to take place and districts to be equal in size

What roles does each group serve in the campaign?

politicians - endorsements, shapes the campaign reality., Members - recruitment donations, canvas,

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American Election Campaign Midterm

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Questions 84

Answers

1
How does partisanship shape economic views
my party is incumbent, the economy must not be doing well.
my party is not incumbent; economy must not be doing well.
My party is not incumbent, the economy must be doing well.
because of family <3
2
speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)
allowed same day registration federally.
ruled it constitutional to limit contributions to independent expenditures
ruled it unconstitutional 2 limit contributions to independent expenditures
got rid of the draft
3
what are u making plans about
Mandating that redistricting takes place & districts will be equal in size
Early elections were not competitive.
Andrew Jackson,
what to do if u are incumbent/challenger, insurgent/clarifying, ect.
4
what caused the shifts into new eras?
influential actors, expansion of voting pool, technological advancements.
Different public demands
Time travel
Lack of voter participation
5
What are the basic rules for donors and interest groups
donations must be direct, no limit, diclosing donors is illegal
limit of $3k, donors must be disclosed
donations are not allowed at all in campaigning
only constituents are allowed to donate money
6
Buckley v. Valeo
spending limits lifted because of lobbying from AARP
Passed the 5th amendment
spending limits bc of 1stA, appearance of corruption=unlimited donations
no spending limits bc of 1stA, appearance of corruption=donation limtis
7
What is an interest group?
people/organizations with shared concerns that dont do anything about it
People/orgs that want to influence the media by paying off journalists
people/orgs with opposing concerns that try to ruin each other's policy
people/organizations with shared concerns that attempt to influence policy
8
What laws & supreme court cases have shaped our campaign finance system?
Roe v. wade, USA, FDA, RNA
Passing of the 4th & 14th amendment, Miranda v. Arizona
Mcdonald v. Chicago, AARP, NRA
FECA,Buckley v. Valeo,BCRA,Mcconnel v. FEC, Citizens united
9
How do states differ in their basic voting rules?
Some states have an age cap for voters.
The voting age varies depending on the state.
ID requirements and permission of felons to vote
Some states still have literacy tests and poll tax
10
What constrains what candidates can say about issues?
key voting blocs, their party, donors, interest groups.
Taking the most median stance and you will win the election.
Drives voter interest.
Early voting, election day, voting by mail
11
What influences a candidate’s decision to “go negative”?
Polling and focus groups
Perceived standing in the race. Incumbency/Challenger status Gender
Vote-by-mail
Donate and raise money
12
2 rulings that paved the way for super PACs
Marbury v. Madison, Dredscott v. Sandford
Ogberfell v. Hodges and loving v. Virginia
Miranda v. Arizona and Roe v. Wade
Citizens united v. FEC (2010), speechnow.org v. FEC (2010)
13
what is a sociotropic voter
Vote based on economy as a whole
Voters who vote based on their own financial well being
voter based on immigration status
Voting along the ideology that u grew up with
14
What differentiates them?
voter turnout decreased as time went on.
level of competitiveness
Time period and increasing campaign complexity (fundraising, rallies)
Mail in Ballots are only in contemporary era
15
What are the potential effects of media consumption?are they powerful
Entertainment, attention, determination, motivation; yes.
education, influence, treason, no.
demotivation, unencouragement; yes.
Persuasion,Agenda setting,Priming,Informing; sometimes
16
How do they decide their position on these issues
party affiliation and popularity of the opinion
Time period, technology shifting the landscape,
Deeply polarized and sorted electorate
states have either primaries/caucus that voters can decide the nominee.
17
Does money impact election outcomes?
Yes bc donors use the money to sway the opinions of the other side
Yes bc donors donate to people they already agree with
not really bc donors donate to people they already agree with.
No because using money to sway politicans is illegal and doesnt work
18
Corporations and businesses can be an interest group
False
True
19
What is the theory of the “invisible primary”? Is it still relevant today?
When there isnt enough advertising for the primary and no one comes
Work of their own party members voting on the nomination, yes.
work of party leaders and power brokers bts shaping the nomination. yes
When a candidate joins the ideologically opposing party
20
What caused the number of interest groups to grow?
Improved capabilities of fundraising
FECA
Campaign Finance Law (results in PACs)
Social Movements and mobilization
21
Who are the groups of voters campaigns could potentially target and how do they discover this?
others
Democrats
Republicans
Uses databases and polling for predictions for pursuadable focus groups
22
In what ways have they been restricted?
Stopped letting illegal immigrants vote
Proof of wealth before registration.
Stopped letting any immigrants vote
Literacy tests and poll tax
23
What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?
Ballot Initiatives
Contributions
Independent Expenditures
Other, non-monetary contributions too
24
What sort of activity do interest groups engage in during the campaign?
Mobilization
Endorsements
Candidate Recruitment and Preparation
Scorecards and voter guides
25
In what ways have voting rights been expanded?
Allowing disabled people to vote
Allowing retired veterans the right to vote.
Allowing black men to vote (A15), 18 year olds (A26) and women (A19)
Allowing gay and trans people the right to vote
26
What caused the number of interest groups to grow?
Government expansion
Decrease in government involvement
Waning faith in ethics of the government
Citizens United and Speechnow.org
27
What type of benefits do interest group members seek?
Selective or collective benefits
Mental or medical rewards/relief
there are no benefits.
religious freedom and material reward
28
Convenience voting impacts election outcomes.
True
False
29
Most money raised comes from places outside of the candidates district
False
True
30
What is an insurgent candidate?
being the incumbent candidate while the economy is doing poorly
being the incumbent candidate while economy is bad
not being incumbent when the economy is doing poorly
31
What are the basic rules for voting?
Pass a literacy test and pay a fee.
Be educated at a university & own property
Be registered, a citizen, and at least 18 years old.
Be under 18, be educated, be married
32
What are the consequences of negative campaigning?
Groups to target: your base
Increase distrust, Drives voter interest, May demobilize the electorate
swing voters - may vote for me.
opponent’s base - will not vote for me,
33
What influences whether a politician runs or not?
Progressives ended federal workers being involved in campaigns
mobilized voters instead of legislators,
the 15th amendment expanded the voter pool.
Motivation, opportunity (if party will do well), resources/staffing
34
What are the basic processes for voting?
Deciding to vote, doing research, voting.
A fee
if you have competency and loyalty
Most states require registration at least 30 days before the election.
35
What does media coverage of campaigns typically look like? What types of races get covered?.
Media likes, apathetic, traditional, peaceful, trustworthiness, sled race
media want personality novelty conflict skeptics strat; president election
media wants negative, harsh debates and slander ad campaigns; horse race
Media wants candidates to be mature and unconfrontational, foot-race
36
what does a prospective voter base their vote on?
voters focus on how will candidate shape future economic conditions
voting based off of personality conflict engagement,
voting based on vibes
Voting on whoever is able to raise the most money for their campaign.
37
What are the eras of campaigns?
Pre-Democratic, Mass Mobilization, Progressive Era, Candidate, Contemporary
Feudalism, post-colonialism, communism, & capitalism
Obama, Trump, Biden
Stone age, bronze age, golden age
38
What does it mean when a campaign is “nationalized”?
running on local issues to minimize local donations
running on local issues to max on local donations
running on federal level issues to increase campaign donations
running on issues relevant to a different country in order to confuse opp
39
Who makes up the parties?
non-party members and non-politicians
none of the above
party members, politicians.
just the president and their vice president
40
Ideological and Social organizations can be an interest group (ex. NRA)
False
True
41
what is the reality of a campaign?
Pre-Democratic Campaigns•Mass Mobilization Campaigns•Progressive Era
elecion context party performance candidate background interests of public
Almost everyone above the age of 18 can vote.
Free ChoicePolitical EqualityDeliberationFree Speech
42
What are the constraints on parties?
Racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry.
Campaign finance rules and regulations Reality of key issues.
Journalists make popular public issues unpopular.
journalists choose the issues that the public cares about
43
Professional Associations (ex. car dealerships) can be an interest group
True
False
44
What are the types of media?
Mobilization, Progressive, contemporary campaigns
Social media, television, radio, literature
Agenda setting, priming, informing
Persuassion, public interest in certain issues, and pre-democratic era
45
What are the competing theories about voters and the economy?
Psycho-Sociological Benefit
Candidates and interest groups.
Selective/collective benefits
Pocketbook voter/ sociotropic voter/Prospective voter/retrospective voter
46
Insurgent candidate almost always wins
True
False
47
What is “horse race coverage”?
Framing the election based on personality and confrontations
framing an election based on the debate
framing an election based on interviews of the public
framing an election based on who is winning/losing
48
What should insurgent candidates do during their campaign?
Avoid talking about the economy
bring up how the economy is doing badly and how its ur fault
bring up how well the economy is doing bc of the opposing candidate
bring up how they made the economy do well
49
What does the principle of “one person, one vote” mean?
They wanted to put an end to ballot box intimidation.
That you cant vote multiple times
to each according to his ability to each according to his need.
Mandates redistricting to take place and districts to be equal in size
50
Purposive benefits
Psycho-Sociological Benefit
wealth
political power and influence
materialism
51
What roles does each group serve in the campaign?
Members - endorsements, shape the campaign reality
politicians - endorsements, shapes the campaign reality.
politicians - recruitment donations, canvas
Members - recruitment donations, canvas,
52
Why do we have these requirements?
we want Competency (Age) & Loyalty in candidates
we want experience and palpability in candidates
We want Compassion and virtue in candidates
We want patience & trust in candidates
53
Why do we have parties?
Groups of people with similar interests and goals will not conglomerate
Groups of people with similar interests and goals will conglomerate
Groups of people with opposing interests and goals will conglomerate
Just do the opposite of whatever George Washington says
54
How does our system shape campaign behavior and decision making?
unlimited spending makes campaigns makes campaigns want to save it all
Candidates want to raise as much as possible to spend as much as they can
Spending limits make candidates abandon fundraising altogether
Spending limits make candidates want to reach their maximum quickly
55
How do candidates decide which issues to focus on?
Poll Tax
Focus turns from local precincts to media markets
base and swing vote turnout maximization, important issues to public
Debates are fought on television.
56
what is FECA (FEderal election campaign act of 1971 )
made voting by mail illegal
ended public funding for campaigns
ended donor disclosures, created unlimited campaign contributions,
made donor disclosures,limits campaign contributions,created public funding
57
What are the basic requirements for holding elected office?
Free choice, Political equity, deliberation, free speech
theres Minimum age, citizenship, and residency restrictions as requirements
Buckley v. Valeo
Mandates that redistricting takes place and districts will be equal in size
58
In politics, when someone says "The Media" they mean the news
False
True
59
Why does nationalization increase funding?
because less people can relate with the issue.
It doesn't
issues are still relevant to those outside of district so they still donate
People admire the boldness of only discussing other countries
60
How are they similar?
the entire population has always been allowed to vote.
Commonly personality over policy, commonly has 2 political parties.
You still have to own property to vote.
Commonly has a girl republican and a boy democrat race for president.
61
what should the clarifying candidate do while campaigning?
bring up issues unrelated to the economy
talk about issues like immigration to distract from bad economy
emphasize ur role in making good economic conditions or blame incumbent
NEVER bring up the economy
62
Why do we have PACs? what other type of organizations exist?
only organizations and corporations should be allowed to donate
Direct donation to a candidate from a company, union, or 501c org.
only organizations and corporation should be allowed to vote
Company or union cant directly donate; 501c
63
what is a pocketbook voter?
Only votes along party lines
votes based on economy, less personal, closely follows data/news
Only votes for presidential elections
Voters who vote based on their own financial well being.
64
Mccconnel challenged BCRA in Mcconnel v. FEC 2003 and won
False
True
65
Define hard money
Cash instead of credit
Money that is donated through corporations only
unlimited Money that is donated indirectly to a candidate or committee
Money donated to a candidate or committee directly & is subject to caps.
66
( BCRA) Bipartisanship Campaign reform act
parties cant spend or raise soft money
foreign corporations can't engage in political spending,
parties can spend and raise soft money
Allowed foreign corporations to engage in political spending
67
What are the four key principles to ensure democratic norms in elections?
Competency & loyalty
1960s districts were unequal in size and not properly redistricted.
Free choice, Political equity, deliberation, free speech
minimum age requirements, location requirements, citizenship requirements.
68
What is the McGovern-Fraser Commission of 1972?
The Commission mandated convention delegates r chosen in accessible manner.
Banned hard money in politics
Banned soft-money in politics
Made it legal to microtarget voters under the patriot act
69
What are the different types of convenience voting?
Paying people to vote as an incentive
Primary, general, special
Early voting, Absentee voting, Vote-by-mail
Voting last minute, getting someone else to vote for you.
70
Citizens united v. FEC (2010)
upholds key components of BCRA bc of the 1st amendment
strikes down the key components of the BCRA bc of 1st amendement
ends the function of the 1st amendment
allowed political slander within 30 days of election
71
What is a retrospective voter?
voter evaluates how incumbent party has performed on LGBTQ rights
voter evaluates how the incumbent party performed on the border
the voters most likely to be swayed in opinion by watching debates
voters evaluate how incumbent party has performed on the economy
72
Why has campaign spending increased overtime?
polarization ^ competitiveness, expenses of TV ads, Citizens United
more ppl have become involved in politics
the population of usa increased
it hasnt
73
overall media is biased towards the republicans
True
False
74
Why is “the economy” important to campaigns and elections?
because of the history of the progressive era campaigns
because of the expansion of the primaries
polls say it is the most important issue to the public,insurgent/clarifying
u need money
75
What is the median voter theorem?
Perceived standing in the race.
Gender
Incumbency vs. Challenger status.
Taking the most median stance and you will win the election
76
How have Super PACs changed our political system?
contributions are limited unless there is campaign coordination.
Contributions are unlimited as long as they dont donate at all.
no contributions limits as long as they dont coordinate or directly donate
contributions such as polling, canvassing, & volunteering is now illegal
77
what are Selective benefits
only towards a certain rank in the groups
fixing an issue that only effects one person.
collective benefits
only towards the members of the groups.
78
if a voter is the same party at the incumbent, they're more likely to say the economy is doing well and vice versa
True
False
79
What is negative campaigning?
Resources/staffing
launching attack ads on your opponent
Opportunity
Motivation
80
What types of people consume different types of media?
Younger People TV & Radio; Older people newspapers and word of mouth.
Younger people - Newspaper; Older people - social media
Younger people - social media and older ppl - news from TV
There is no distinction between the groups of ppl consuming media
81
What is earned/free media?
compilation of all the candidate's failures on tv
Candidates recording a fake heroic act to boost popularity
Designed to give a candidate less screen-time
Designed to generate free media coverage.
82
Define soft money
legal way of donating to a political party of your choice
soft money refers to card instead of cash
regulated and limited donations for parties from 501c organizations
unregulated and unlimited donations for parties from 501c organizations
83
What is convenience voting?
Alternative ways to vote other than on election day.
When you order someone to come to your door to explain the options to you.
When you vote in whatever month you want during an election year.
When you only vote if it is convenient for you
84
What is a clarifying candidate?
when the economic conditions are good and the party is not incumbent
When economic conditions are good and the party is the incumbent
when the economic conditions are bad and the party is incumbent

American Election Campaign Midterm Flashcards | StudBud