P&S Chapter 1 Vocabulary

The dependent variable is also known as the...

All subjects (human or otherwise) that are studied.

A confounding variable is also known as a ...

A decision making process for evaluating claims about a population based on data from samples.

The values that a variable can assume.

Selecting participants based on proximity or ease of contact.

The level of measurement dealing with quantitative data that is a scale. Zero is not inherent.

Each value in a data set.

The level of measurement that deals with categorical and descriptive data.

A study in which researchers use intact groups because random selection isn’t possible.

Quantitative data that can be counted.

Select every nth subject after selecting the first subject at random.

A study in which the researcher manipulates one of the variables.

When the control group shows effects, because they think they are getting the “real thing.”

The variable that the researcher manipulates or controls.

The level of measurement dealing with data that can be ranked, but nothing more.

Data that is categorical in nature.

A characteristic or attribute that can assume different values.

When subjects in a study change their behavior, because they know they are being studied.

Quantitative data that can be measured.

Divide the population into pre-existing groups and select one or more whole groups.

Branch of statistics that generalizes from samples to populations and makes predictions.

A variable that influences the response var. but can't be separated from the explanatory var. 

A subset of the population.

The chance of an event occurring.  

Data that is numerical in nature.

The variable that measures the response to the manipulated variable.

Denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is imposed on them during a study.

A study in which the researcher watches the subjects and draws conclusions.

The group in an experiment that is manipulated in some way.

A value used to describe a sample.

When subjects in an experiment are divided into sub-groups to alleviate confounding variables.

When both the subjects and the data gatherers have no idea what treatment a subject received.

The explanatory variable is also known as the...

Values used to describe populations.

A collection of data.

Conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, & draw conclusions from data.

Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected using random numbers.

Branch of statistics that consists of the collection, organization, and summarization of data.

A variable whose values are determined by chance.

The level of measurement dealing with quantitative data that can be compared. Zero is inherent.

Divide the population into homogeneous subgroups and randomly select from each subgroup.

The group in an experiment that is not manipulated.