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NSG211 - cognition/Alzheimer’s/ASD Flashcards | StudBud
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NSG211 - cognition/Alzheimer’s/ASD
NSG211 - cognition/Alzheimer’s/ASD
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NSG211 - Cognition/Alzheimer’s/ASD
Flashcards
33 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Social communication & interaction characteristics related to ASD can include:
Avoids or doesn't keep eye contact
Gets upset & cries when someone else gets hurt or is upset
Visual & auditory hallucinations
Doesn't respond to name by 9 months old
Few or no gestures (i.e. waving) by 12 months '
Doesn't pretend to be something else (i.e. Spiderman) by 48 months
2
Autism spectrum disorder occurs globally across all racial, ethic, & socioeconomic groups.
True
False
3
A client states, “I’m getting so forgetful lately! I’m worried I’m getting Alzheimer’s disease.” The best response is:
“I’m forgetful, too. I have to make lists to remember everything.”
While it isn't uncommon to have memory lapses, lets discuss your concern
Oh, that's not Alzheimer's. Your problem is way more complicated than that!
"Let's not talk like that! I’m sure it is just normal aging.”
4
Autism spectrum disorder is not only caused by vaccines
False
True
5
Risk factors for delirium include: (SATA)
infection
admission to intensive care unit
diet high in transfat and sodium
fractures
family history of stroke
aphasia
6
All of the following are methods used to screen for symptoms of ASD except:
Developmental surveillance
Standardized autism-specific screening tests
Physical exam & bloodwork
Parent/caregiver interviews
7
What important info should a nurse get from the caregiver/parent about their new admission, a 7 yr old patient with ASD?
Her favorite food and games she likes to play.
Items of fixation (attachment)
Home schedule
Names and ages of other children in the home
Interventions that work when she is agitated or overstimulated
Triggers for agitation and signs that indicate the beginning of agitation
8
practicing primary prevention for psychiatric disorders in children, which risk factor should get the primary focus?
Family history of mental illness
Family culture
Raised in a single-parent home
Lack of peer friendship
9
Understanding social cues & interacting with others can be challenging for people with ADHD.
True
False
10
Which symptom of delirium is
not
a symptom of dementia?
confusion
sudden onset of symptoms
memory loss
agitation
hallucinations
11
(SATA) It is important. to remember that symptoms of ASD:
are very a specific making it easy to diagnose.
can have various degrees of severity.
can change overtime.
never get better.
can differ from person to person.
are always treated with medications.
12
When asked about his son's diagnosis, a father shows effective understanding when he states the following: (SATA)
My son's ADHD is caused by his mom's traumatic birth experience.
There are medication options to manage his autism.
My son may grow out of his ADHD diagnosis
My son's autism is because of his mom's traumatic birth experience.
There are medication options to manage his ADHD
13
All children should be screened for symptoms of ASD as recommended by the AAP.
True
False
14
What action is most appropriate by a nurse concerned about a post-op patient's risk of injury during a delirium episode?
secure the patient in bed with soft restraints
turn on the bed alarm move him to a room closer to the nurses' station
assign a PCT to stay with patient and offer reorientation
ask HCP to order an antipsychotic drug
15
Which interventions are appropriate for a patient presenting to the ED exhibiting S/Sx of delirium? (SATA)
turn on the tv after assessing and interviewing the patient.
invite/encourage family to sit with patient
turn down the lignts & minimize stimulation
review & stop medications
offer familiar objects
restraints
16
What test is commonly used to measure signs/symptoms of ASD & make a diagnosis?
There isn't one
Brown Spectrum Assessment Tool (BSAT)
GAD-7
The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale (VAS)
Prime Screening Test (PST)
The same test used for ADHD.
17
Which nursing intervention is best for a patient diagnosed with dementia?
Speak in a loud, firm voice, using a lot of hand gestures.
Reintroduce yourself at each contact
If the patient becomes aggressive, apply physical restraints.
Do not explain what you're doing; the patient is just going to forget.
18
How is ASD diagnosed?
Based on the presence of developmental delays & behavioral symptoms.
lab tests, MRIs, & observation
Detailed assessment, physical exams, & interviews with the parent & child
Monitor symptoms & ask when the child had their MMR vaccine
19
Which "core" features do disorders on the autism spectrum share?
Recurring Unpredictable episodes of aggression
Repetitive & restricted patterns of activity, movements & behaviors
Characteristic facial appearance
Inability to learn new skills
Hyperactivity & lack impulse control
Persistent with difficulty speech & nonverbal communication
20
Frequently accompanied by development & intellectual disabilities, ASD is also associated w/ these medical comorbidites:
Gastrointestinal disorders
ADHD
Sleep disorders
Depression
Anxiety
Epilepsy
21
Select characteristics of delirium. (SATA)
hypoactive or hyperactive forms
typically reversible unless not treated with urgency
develops quickly and is gone after one day
fluctuating periods of disorientation and lucidity
an acute onset and should be treated as a medical emergency
disturbance in attention and awareness
22
Which of the following would benefit a child struggling with ASD? (SATA)
positive reinforcement
collaboration with teachers and school staff
immediate changes to routine
support groups
safety
23
Which are autism-specific screening tools (4 answers)? (SATA)
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
Pediatric Symptom Checklist
Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers & Young Children (STAT)
The Ages and Stages Questionaire (ASQ)
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)
CRAFFT
24
Combined with genetic factors, these are contributing factors to autism spectrum disorder except:
Mom taking drugs containing Valproic Acid during pregnancy
Vaccines containing thimerosal
Difficulty during birth leading to oxygen deprivation to baby's brain
Advanced parental age @ time of conception
Fragile X
25
When the nurse is evaluating 3-year old Katie, which finding indicates possible ASD?
Katie is repeating over and over words and sentences that every says.
Katie wants to be left alone.
Katie has an imaginary friend.
Katie cries when her mom/dad leaves the room
26
Which client behavior is indicative of impaired cognition?
Discussing “the voices” with another client
Spending hours staring out the window
Asking repeatedly, “How did I get here?”
Mumbling
27
Examples of restricted or repetitive behaviors or interest related to ASD can include: (SATA)
Panic attacks & phobias
Flapping hands, spinning, stimming, rocking body.
Ritualistic behaviors, such as washing hands excessively many times a day
Items of fixation.
Echolalia.
Must follow specific routines & gets upset by minor changes
28
Which group is more likely to develop ASD?
Premies
Girls
Children with autistic siblings
Boys
Children in third world countries
Vaccinated toddlers
29
Parents of 9-yrs old with ADHD tell the nurse they have tried everything to calm her & nothing works. Choose best action
Actively listen to the parents' concern before planning interventions
Encourage parents to discuss these problems the mental health team.
Tell the parents they overacting.
Provide literature regarding ADHD & management
30
Which activity would be most therapeutic to de-escalate a cognitively impaired client’s agitation?
Watching television in the presence of staff
Spending time alone in the client’s room
Taking a walk outside with the nurse
Playing bingo with the other residents
31
What is the key to acheiving optimal outcomes for autistic children?
proper discipline and sleep regimen
psychotherapy and behavior modification
early diagnosis and intervention
the right combination of medications
32
The etiology of ASD is: (SATA)
environmental
believed to be multifactorial
genetic
is well researched & understood.
still has unknown pathophysiology
psychological
33
When does autism spectrum disorder begin? (SATA)
Before 3 yrs old
Symptoms show within the first 12mths
By the age of 5
development stops between 18-24 months old
After 3 years old
Can be detected a few months after birth
