C12,13,16 and 20 Review

Certain pesticides, a few natural plant alkaloids, tobacco smoke, enviro pollutants, radiation, x-rays and UV are what?

Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells contain

DNA bases can be joined together in any order

Which process is used for the exchange of genetic information between two bacterial cells?

DNA contains the sugar

Term for the "language" formed with just four "letters" A, C, G, and U

Intermediate fossil forms are important evidence of evolution because they show

Name the place where the DNA chain separates during replication

Who observed variations in the characteristics of plants and animals on different islands of the Galapagos?

Viruses typically cause disease by

Genes contain instructions for assembling mutagens

A heritable change in genetic information

DNA replication can occur in opposite directions from the starting point

The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is a process known as

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

The process of converting nitrogen into a form plants can use is known as nitrogen

What did Ivanovski, Beijerinck and Stanley study?

When is the protein being assembled?

I have looked over key questions, vocab, and overarching concepts in the note. I have also looked over the notes review

Which of the following is an important concept in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as

Mutation that involves changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

Galapagos tortoises exhibited different traits depending on the environment of the island where they lived

One common characteristic of all viruses is that they can reproduce only by infecting living cells

Every amino acid has one corresponding mRNA codon

Lyell's Principals of Geology influenced Darwin because it explained how

Specific amino acids in a polypeptide and the order they're joined determine the properties of different proteins

How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its

Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?

The two "backbones" of the DNA molecule consist of

One group of viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information is the

Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be incorrect?

What type of RNA brings information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell

In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular

Unknown disease appearing in a population for the first time or a known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control

What does a bacteriophage infect?

Which of the following describes RNA?

All viruses are parasites

Select the cell where accurate transmission of info is most important

Meiosis is an example of what role of DNA

Species are not fixed, and they change in response to their environment

Term for changing one base to another in a DNA sequence is

Prokaryotes differ in size and shape, the way they move, and in the way they obtain and release energy

Which of the following would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows that give the most milk?

In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and archaea produce 90 percent of the nitrogen used by other organisms

The structure labeled "A" in the diagram of the virus below is called the?

Hutton and Lyell explained that the Grand Canyon formed from the Colorado River gradually wearing away rocks

Disease causing organisms are known as

A trait altered during an organism's life

The molecule that is made by using a section of the nuclear DNA as a template is

I completed the questions in my notes AND read through key questions

How would a virus spread in bacteria during the lysogenic phase of infection

Which researcher(s) used radioactive markers in experiments to show that DNA was the genetic material in cells?

Who took the first X-ray image of DNA

An expressed gene

How does a cold virus differ from HIV?

What did Hershey and Chase's work show?

DNA replication in eukaryotic cells occurs in a single place

Why was Lyells theory?

Which two domains of life contain only prokaryotes

Name of the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides

What was inside of the bacteriophage

When prokaryotes cells copy their DNA, replication begins at

What is the exception to the central dogma?

Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution through natural selection?

Avery's experiments concluded _______ was the factor causing transformation

What is the second step of any viral attack to a cell

DNA and RNA provide evidence of evolution because

What organelle uses RNA to make proteins

A three base code word in the genetic code that specifies a particular amino acid, start or stop

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is

What is NOT a way RNA differs from DNA

The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from

Select the chromosomal mutation that produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome

Population size is NOT limited by overcrowding, lack of food, war, disease or famine.

A birds wings are homologous to a(n)

Bacteriophages inject a mixture of protein into the bacteria, altering its DNA.

Select the type of variation among organisms that Darwin did NOT observe

The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called

In eukaryotes, nearly all the DNA is found in the

Lamarck's ideas about evolution were wrong because he proposed that

Artificial selection CAN occur without inherited variation

During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA?

Why are capsid proteins important?

Which of the following can be helpful in treating bacterial diseases but NOT viral diseases

The number of codons in the genetic code is

Bacteria is larger than a bacteriophage

Mutations that involve changes in one or a few nucleotides are known as ______, because they occur at a single point

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by

Which of the following is NOT used to identify specific prokaryotes

Proteins are made by joining amino acids together in long chains called

Promoters are

The image shows the structure of

The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is

Bacteriophages are

In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the perceived remains of ancient organisms called

DNA replication occurs before a cell divides

Geological processes uplifted a former sea bed to form mountains

According to Chargaff's rule of base pairing, which is true?

The tips of chromosomes are known as

Select the thing that is produced during transcription

The scientist(s) responsiblefor the discovery of bacterial transformation is (are)

Where is the codon located during translation?

What happens when part of the DNA is missed in replication

Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of DNA?

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes replicate their DNA

What is NOT an ecological role played by prokaryotes

Select the chromosomal mutation that occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

Select the way that bacterial growth is NOT controlled

When Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophages, was it protein or DNA that carried the genetic information?

All bacteria are classified as

Select an example of evolution or a change over time

Prokaryotes that thrive in oxygen-free environments are called

The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes is called

Which feature of the cell wall is characteristic of bacteria but not of archaea?

Chargaff's rule showed that certain bases were found in equal percentages

How did Malthus influence Darwin?

Prokaryotes that have a spherical shape are called

What patterns of variation did Darwin observe among rheas, ostriches, and emus?

When does DNA replication happen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of

Covalent bonds bind nucleotides to one another

Prokaryotes are unlike all other organisms in that their cells

The diagram below shows the process of DNA

Name the start of DNA replication

Which illness is caused by a bacterium?

Particles made up of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can reproduce only by infecting living cells are

The ability of an individual organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment is called

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA

A single-base mutation in a messenger RNA molecule could transcribe the DNA sequence CAGTAT into

Small changes in genes accumulate over time

Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are called

How does RNA differ from DNA?

The process of selectively breeding plants and animals to have desired traits

How often in an incorrect base inserted?

A substance that can cause a change in the DNA code of an organism is called a

Two strands of DNA

Name for the bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the bacterial hosts DNA

These cause disease by accumulating in cells and causing damage to the point at which the cells can no longer function

DNA in a eukaryote is usually enclosed in a nucleus

Select the chromosomal mutation that involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome

In a LYSOGENIC infection, a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, causes the cell to burst, and releases copies

Select the distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotes

Insertions and deletions are also called _________ because they shift the "reading frame" of the genetic message

Ribosomes are made of tRNA

Franklin discovered that H-bonds hold base pairs together at the center of DNA

What is NOT one of the three main shapes of prokaryotes

A nucleotide does NOT contain

Select the base that RNA does not include

I know the S-stain and R-strain mouse experiment backwards and forwards

Select the chromosomal mutation that reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome

each 3 letter "word" in mRNA is known as a

Exons are sections of mRNA that ARE needed for protein synthesis

Which prokaryote is the most flexible in the energy sources it can use?

Which of the following statements are true about the genetic code

Before DNA could definitively be shown to be the genetic material in cells, scientists had to show that it could

In prokaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the

Where is the anticodon located during translation?

Introns are sections of mRNA that are NOT needed for protein synthesis

Mutations are bad

The process by which one strain of bacterium is apparently changed into another strain is called

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

Which of the following scientists is responsible for developing the germ theory of disease

Select the way that prokaryotes move

How do you protect yourself from most viral diseases

In eukaryotes, functional messenger RNA molecules are made from