World History Final

What role did systems like the encomienda play?

How did indentured servitude differ from chattel slavery?  

**The African Diaspora** refers to the scattering of African peoples across the world.  

A **Maritime Empire** controls trade routes across the seas.  

**Gunpowder Empires** used firearms to expand their territories.  

**Mercantilism** was an economic system focused on accumulating wealth through trade.

The **Middle Passage** was the forced journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.  

 **Absolutism** means rulers have complete control over their states.  

**Empire** is a group of people that rules other people against their will

**Triangular Trade** connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas in a trade network.  

What caused the Moroccan-Songhai conflict?  

**Empiricism** relies on observation and evidence.  

What factors helped the Spanish conquer empires?

The **Devshirme** system involved recruiting young Christian boys into the Ottoman military.  

The **Caravel** was poorly designed for ocean voyages.  

The **Caravel** was an advanced ship that was fast for things like exploration.

What maritime technologies came from Afro-Eurasia?  

The **Columbian Exchange** brought crops, diseases, and animals between the Old and New Worlds.  

**Chattel Slavery** meant people were considered property for life.  

**Triangular Trade** only connected Africa and Europe.  

The **Thirty Years' War** was a religious conflict in Europe.  

How did enslaved persons resist?  

The **Thirty Years' War** was primarily fought over trade disputes.  

**Empire**: An empire is a large kingdom or domain.  

**Mercantilism** encouraged free and unrestricted trade.  

**Smallpox** was a major disease that decimated indigenous populations.  

**Empiricism** is based only on traditions and faith.  

**Absolutism** involves rulers sharing power equally with citizens.  

What was moved across the Atlantic? 

What was the impact of religious conflicts in Europe?  

How did the Counter-Reformation respond to the Protestant Reformation?  

The **Middle Passage** was a peaceful trade route for goods.  

How did rulers of land-based empires legitimize authority?  

How were Joint-Stock Companies significant?  

How did the Columbian Exchange transform societies?  

How did Europeans change Indian Ocean trade?  

**Cash Crops** like sugar and tobacco were grown for profit.  

**The Great Dying** refers to the mass deaths of indigenous populations after European contact. 

Why was Portugal the first to explore heavily?  

How did the Gunpowder Empires expand?  

**Indentured Servitude** involved temporary labor contracts.