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Semester 1 Review (minus Social Psych) Flashcards | StudBud
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Semester 1 Review (minus Social Psych)
Semester 1 Review (minus Social Psych)
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
79 cards
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Questions
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1
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
2
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
platonic
phonemic/phonetic
3
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
4
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
5
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
6
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
7
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
8
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
brightness
light purity
9
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
10
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
11
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
12
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
long-term
13
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
14
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
15
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
16
Which of the following is a type of sensory memory?
Iconic
Working
Echoic
Semantic
17
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
18
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
19
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
20
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
21
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
means
22
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
23
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
24
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
25
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
26
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
27
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
loud noise
rat
28
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
lens
iris
vitreous humor
29
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
30
Assuming someone is homeless because they have a scraggly beard and dirty clothes would be an example of:
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
31
A stimulus that evokes a response that was originally evoked by an unlearned stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
32
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
attention
sensation
perception
33
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
temporal lobe
34
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
35
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
spinal cord
36
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
37
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
insight learning
38
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
39
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
reiteration
recognition
recall
40
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
sensation
41
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
pineal gland
thalamus
42
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
43
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
44
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
45
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
46
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
physiological recordings
questionnaires
47
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
schema
chunk
48
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
49
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
50
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
51
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
52
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
loudness
pitch
timbre
53
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
repression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
54
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
55
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning/negative reinforcement
an unconditioned response
56
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
intelligence
introspection
mentalism
57
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
58
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an partial reinforcement schedule
59
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
60
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
creativity
insight
reasoning
61
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
62
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
symmetry
constancy
63
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
64
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
modeled
encoded
65
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
66
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
selection
shaping
stimulus discrimination
67
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
a sedative
68
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence and only seek evidence that supports your own belief may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
69
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
been dreaming
a headache
not been dreaming
70
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
71
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the observational group
the experimental group
the control group
72
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
73
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
74
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
75
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
76
What is is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity?
CT
fMRI
PET
EEG
77
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
78
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
79
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
light
salivation
