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NRS502 Revision
NRS502 Revision
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1
What is the most important reason for using a framework, such as SPIDER, to formulate clinical questions?
Ensures the right comparison is included within the question
It guarentees all relevant evidence will be identified
It helps identify the patient population
Increases the likelihood best evidence will be identified quickly
2
Choose the 3 different reserach metholodgies of the qualitative paradigm:
Ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory
Case control studies, cohort studies, randomised controlled trial
Mixed methods, case study. randomised controlled trial
Surveys, grounded theory, case study
3
Which of these is a sampling method used in quantitative data?
Purposive
Convenience
Probability
Snowball
4
A pain scale, i.e. levels of Low, Medium and High, is an Ordinal variable.
True
False
5
How might you collect data in a qualitative research project?
Experiments
Closed questionaires
Surveys
Interviews and focus groups
6
What does "explanatory sequential" mean in mixed methods research?
Qual. data is collected, then assessment for the need of quantitative data
Qualitative research first, then quantitative helps explain the findings
Qualitative research comes first, then informs quantitative data selection
Only qualitative data is collected
7
ROC analysis stands for?
Recieving Optimal Character
Reciever Operating Characteristics
Recieve Optimal Character
Recieve Optimal Characteristics
8
What is a dependent variable?
The response/behaviour/outcome the researcher wants to explain
A stimulus that can be manipulated
Something the researcher can change
Something that affects the independent variable
9
Why might qualitative research be considered less important than data obtained from RCT?
The findings are not usually generalisable
The findings are based on interview data
The findings generally lack rigour
The findings are not methodologically robust
10
What does double binding mean in a RCT?
The patient/investigators don't know the type of treatment being recieved
The patient does not know the type of treatment they are recieving
The patient/investigator/person analysing the data doesn't know the treat..
The patient does know they treatment they are recieving
11
What is not a data collection method in qualitative research?
Video observation
Interviews
Focus groups
Likert scale
12
What is the purpose of a Cohort Study?
To study participants experiencing a common event
To be in a study that compares groups
To be placed in the arm of a trial
To be in a non-randomised trial
13
The theory of knowledge with regards to its methods, validity, scope and distinction between belief and opinion is:
Epistemology
Ontiology
Ontology
Epidemiology
14
What is an independent variable?
A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied
A stimulus or activity that stays the same
Something that cannot be changed by the researcher
None of the above
15
What is most likely to reduce the likelihood of successfully implementing research findings into practice?
Only including active stakeholders
Including too few stakeholders
Only including passive stakeholders
Failing to identify appropriate stakeholders
16
Positivism and deductive reasoning are characteristics of which type of research?
Qualitative
Quantitative
17
Which of these are barriers to EIDM?
Inability to access research
Cultural resistance to change
Time
All of the above
18
What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals with research results?
They indicate whether the sample is large enough
They tell you whether data is missing from the sample
They indicate the p-value
They indicate potential clinical significance when the results are not
19
Which type of research uses probability sampling?
Quantitative
Qualitative
20
How is statistical significance established at the outset of a research study?
By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing results
Ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
Determining the minimum important difference that needs to be observed
Ensuring all patients can be followed up
21
Which word does, "the sum of numbers divided by the count of numbers", describe?
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
Mean
Median
22
This sampling method focuses on experience and collects data from stories of individuals:
Ethnography
Case study
Narrative methodology
Grounded theory
23
What does, "data saturation", mean in qualitative research?
Recruitment numbers reach the power calculation
P-value is statistically significant
No new themes of information are being identified
Themes are still being explored
24
What kind of question would best be answered by Positivst research designs?
Questions about meanings
Questions about lived experience
Questions about clinical outcomes
Questions about experiences
25
What is an interpretivist paradigm?
Focuses on generating theory
Focuses on explanation and prediction
26
Select the correct statement about DEDUCTIVE research:
Is used in qualitative data
It is used in Grounded Theory
It relies on reflexivity
Uses a Positivist approach
27
What kind of bias is due to errors and systematic differences in relevant characteristics?
Measurement bias
Selection bias
Performance bias
Attrition bias
28
Which word describes, "the chances of detecting the present disease", and is usually expressed as a percentage?
Side effects
Sensebility
Specificity
Sensitivity
29
How might you collect data in a quantitative research project?
Focus groups
Closed questionaires
Interviews
Open ended questions
30
What kind of bias is of concern with survey analysis?
Attrition bias
Selection bias
Sampling bias
Researcher bias
31
Which is the most likely consequence of implementing evidence-based practice?
No variation in the care given to patients with the same condition
Care decisions will be based on the highest quality of research available
Patients and their families will always be involved in decision-making
Highest quality of care, best outcomes likely to be achieved
32
This sampling method divides the population into seperate groups, then selects a random sample:
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
33
What is the aim of a survey?
To establish caution
To answer questions about prevelance, distribution & relations of variables
To gain information from a small sample in a population
To develop qualitative data
34
Which word refers to whether an experiment will show similar results when performed multiple times?
Validity
Sensitivity
Probability
Reliability
35
What is NOT a main function of evidence-based practice?
Helps develop nursing research in the future
Ensures patients are involved in decision-making
Ensures practice remains current
Ensures clinical guidelines are always followed
36
Select the 3 different research methodologies used within the quantitative paradigm:
Surveys, grounded theory, case study
Case control studies, cohort studies, RCT
Phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory
Mixed methods, case study, RCT
37
Which word describes "results measuring what they are supposed to measure"?
Frequency
Reliability
Probability
Validity
38
How is statistical significance identified with p-value?
0.06 or less
0.5 or less
0.05 or less
0.051 or more
39
Which research study uses trail arms?
RCT
Narrative analysis
Cohort study
Statistical analysis
40
Select the correct order for the Hierarchy of Evidence from highest to lowest:
RCT, systematic reviews, observational studies, case studies, opinions
Systematic reviews, RCT, case studies, observational studies, opinions
RCT, systematic reviews, interviews, case studies, observational studies
Systematic reviews, RCT, observational studies, case studies, opinions
41
Which word refers to, "the number of times you expect something to happen?"
Reliability
Sensitivity
Validity
Probability
42
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don't, and looks for risk factors?
Cohort study
Case control study
Thematic analysis
Systematic review
43
Answer the question below:
The difference between men/women is small AND statistically insignificant
The difference between men and women is clinically significant
The difference between men/women is small BUT statistically significant
The difference between men and women is not clinically significant
44
Inductive reasoning is based on quantitative data.
True
False
45
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning is called:
Inference
Sasha fierce
Interfence
Interfierence
46
Interpretivist and inductive are characteristics of which type of research?
Qualitative
Quantitative
47
A quasi-experimental study is used when randomisation is impractical/unethical
False
True
48
What information does a survey aim to collect?
Opinions
Knowledge
Beliefs
Attitudes
49
Which research design allows us to observe the same participants over a long period of time?
Longitudinal survey
Randomised controlled trials
Case study
Case-control study
50
What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?
To analyse and interpret data
To interpret research and apply it into practice
To research and collect data
To collect and analyse data
51
What is a positivist paradigm?
Focuses on generating theory
Focuses on explanation and prediction
