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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
2
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
3
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
beta waves
4
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
5
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
planning for the future
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
6
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
7
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
8
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
lithium
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
9
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
situational
social
dispositional
10
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
11
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
12
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
Babinski
stepping
13
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
blind spot
fovea
retina
14
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
15
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
16
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
17
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
18
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
personality
19
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
20
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
21
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
22
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
23
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
24
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
25
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
26
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
27
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
28
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
29
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
30
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
31
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
postconventional
32
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
33
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
sight
smell
touch
34
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
35
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
36
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
37
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
38
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
39
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
hippocampus
40
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
41
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
42
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
difference threshold
signal detection theory
43
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
sight
balance
44
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
45
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
modes
outliers
46
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
47
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
cornea
optic nerve
48
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
49
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
50
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
51
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
52
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
53
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
54
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
55
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
56
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
57
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
58
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
59
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
60
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
61
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
62
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
63
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
64
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
William James
Carl Rogers
65
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
66
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
67
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
scapegoating
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
68
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
conservation
69
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
70
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
71
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
72
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
73
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
74
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
75
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
76
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
77
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
78
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
79
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
80
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
81
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
82
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
optic chiasm
fovea
feature detectors
83
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
84
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
85
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
86
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
87
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
88
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
89
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
90
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
mean
median
standard deviation
91
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
92
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
93
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
94
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
95
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
96
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
97
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
98
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
99
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
case study
100
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
101
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
102
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
103
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
104
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
105
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
106
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
107
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
108
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
109
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
110
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
111
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
grapheme
morpheme
112
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
go for a run
eat a meal
113
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
114
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
discrimination
115
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
116
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
117
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
attachment
118
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
119
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
120
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
121
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
122
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
123
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
124
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
125
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
126
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
127
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
128
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
129
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
130
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
131
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
132
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
projection
displacement
sublimation
133
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
134
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
late 40s
early 20s
135
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
136
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
137
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
clap their hands
say a sentence
write with a pencil
138
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
139
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
140
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
141
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
142
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
143
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
144
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
145
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
146
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
147
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
148
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
partial
secondary
149
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
self-serving bias
150
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
151
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
152
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
153
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
154
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
155
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
triarchic
achievement
156
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
157
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
158
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
difference threshold
159
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
160
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
daily activities
161
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
84
50
162
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
163
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths