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Biology Basics: Final Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Basics: Final Exam Review
Biology Basics: Final Exam Review
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Foundational Biology Basics
Flashcards
60 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
60
Answers
1
A control group is
is background research to make an informed hypothesis.
used for a basis of comparison during an experiment.
the variable that you are testing during an experiment
what you measure in an experiment.
2
What cells go through mitosis?
autosomal
Sex
somatic
animal cells only
3
The X-axis on a graph....
independent variable
dependent variable
control group
control variable
4
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
nitrogenous base
amino acid
monosaccharide
5
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
diffusion is the movement of solutes and osmosis the movement of water
osmosis is active transport and diffusion is passive tyransport
diffusion is the movement of water and osmosis the movement of solutes
there is no difference, both are active transport
6
What is the dependent variable?
the type of TV shows the baby watched
How often Mr. Ponticelli woke during the night
How many times the baby woke during the night
the amount of TV the baby watched at night
7
An R-group, central carbon, carboxyl group and amino group:
amino acid
polysaccharide
nucleotide
ATP
8
Nitrogenous bases in Nucleic Acids?
A, T, C, G
A, U, C, T, G
A, T, U, C
A, U, C, G
9
Which of the following is/are a function(s) of nucleic acids?
energy source when carbs, lipids and proteins are scarce
make cell membranes
hold genetic code
protein synthesis
10
Where does replication take place?
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
outside the cell
11
Which of the following is not group of macromolecules (polymers)?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
DNA
Lipids
12
What organism(s) would use fermentation as primary method of anaerobic cellular respiration?
bacteria
plants
yeast (fungi)
animals
13
What is the independent variable?
why the baby woke
how much sleep Mr. Ponticelli lost watching the baby.
hours of TV the baby watched
how many times baby woke
14
Which of the following is not part of a DNA nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar deoxyribose
uracil nitrogenous base
phosphate group
thymine nitrogenous base
15
What is an autotroph?
organism that has to eat (consumer)
organism that makes its own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
organism that carries out heterotrophism- makes its own food
organism that is always found at the 2nd trophic level
16
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body:
glycolysis
metabolism
aerobic respiration
fermentation
17
If a plant cell wilts (shrivels), it
is in a hypotonic environment & undergoes plasmolysis
is in a hypertonic environment & undergoes plasmolysis
is in a hypotonic environment & undergoes turgor pressure
is in a hypertonic environment & undergoes turgor pressure
18
Which is NOT part of modern cell theory?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
All cell cells come from pre-existing cells.
all cells contain a nucleus
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
19
Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
golgi body
cytoplasm
chloroplast
20
Somatic Cells are?
haploid cells
sperm
Body cells
egg
21
Same stable levels of internal body conditions:
metabolism
growth & development
negative feedback
homeostasis
22
What organelle is in plants, but not in animals?
cell wall
cell membrane
mitochondria
golgi body
23
What is the total magnification if looking at a cheek cell on low power?
400X
100X
40X
10X
24
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
build healthy hair, skin and nails
build muscle
transport oxygen through the bloodstream
act as a genetic blueprint
25
What makes something aerobic?
glucose
Carbon dioxide
oxygen
light
26
Where does translation take place?
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
chloroplast
27
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
nucleotide
fatty acids
amino acid
monosaccharides
28
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
to build amino acids
to make copies of DNA for a newly made cell
to make proteins
to make RNA
29
What is the main function of a chloroplast?
use light to make CO2 and water (photosynthesis)
make ATP (aerobic cell respiration)
use light to make glucose (photosynthesis)
use chemicals to make glucose (photosynthesis)
30
Which cannot denature an enzyme?
salinity
homeostasis
high temperatures
pH
31
If DNA reads 3' TAC CCG ACT 5', then there are ________ nucleotides
none- these letters represent amino acids, not nucleotides
9
3
1
32
Gametes:
XX and XY chromosomes
have 46 chromosomes
are made via mitosis
sperm and egg
33
Mitosis is...
the process to create a child
sexual reproduction to produce living cells not identical
a process where the cells create identical copies of itself
cells that are produced and genetically distinct.
34
What is the cell membrane made of?
phospholipids & proteins
amino acids
carbohydrates
proteins
35
What is the monomer of a lipid?
amino acids
they don't have any- they are technically one really big monomer
monosaccharides
nucleotides
36
independent variable?
Enzyme activity
Catalyst
Time
Temperature
37
Cell eating:
passive transport (diffusion)
active transport (endocytosis- pinocytosis)
active transport (exocytosis)
active transport (endocytosis- phagocytosis)
38
How does an enzyme do its job?
lower activation energy
Raise activation energy
through dehydration synthesis only
through hydrolysis only
39
Meiosis produces:
haploid cells that are genetically different
sex chromosomes
somatic chromosomes
somatic cells
40
What is the basic unit of structure and function of life?
organelle
nucleus
Meter
cell
41
Which section of the graph includes the point at which the enzyme started to denature?
II
III
IV
I
42
2 diploid cells are produced w/ identical DNA
Meiosis
Mitosis
43
the subjects in an experiment that do not get the independent variable
control variable
control group
experimental group
dependent variable
44
What is the function of an enzyme?
protein that slow down reactions
protein that speeds up reactions
building blocks of proteins
amino acid that speeds up reactions
45
Where do you find chloroplasts, central vacuoles and cell walls?
animals
bacteria
plants
fungus
46
What is the purpose of transcription & translation?
to make a new cell
to make DNA
to make proteins
to make RNA
47
What is a heterotroph?
organism that makes its own food
organism that carries out chemosynthesis or photosynthesis
organism that consumes
organism that is a producer
48
The graph shows the enzyme activity is optimal at
40 Seconds
Increasing activity
40 °C
60 °C
49
What is the main use of carbohydrates in humans?
build muscle
food
quick source of energy
help the immune system
50
What are the stages of the cell cycle in asexual reproduction?
PMAT
G1, S, G2
meiosis I, meisosis II
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
51
If solute molecule moves through a phospholipid bilayer from an area of high concentration to low concentration, it is:
diffusion (passive transport)
osmosis (passive transport)
osmosis (passive transport)
facilitated diffusion (passive transport)
52
What does a mitochondria do?
creates ATP for the cell
package proteins
transports sugar
make protiens
53
If an animal cell explodes, it:
was in a hypotonic solution
was in a isotonic solution
was in a hypertonic solution
was in equilibrium with the external environment
54
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
eukaryotes include bacteria and prokaryotes include all other kingdoms
prokaryotes belong to domain Eukarya and eukaryotes belong to domain Archae
eukaryotes have true nuclei & membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes don't
prokaryotes have organelles and eukaryotes do not
55
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
nucleotides
monosaccharides
fatty acids
56
What is the dependent variable?
distance (m)
average speed
time (sec)
the elephant
57
Lipids include all of the following except for
waxes
oils
disaccharides
triglyderides/fats
58
Complemantary: 3' TAC CCC ACA TCC 5'
3' ACU GGG UGU AGG 5'
5' ACT GGG TGT AGG 3'
5' ACU GGG UGU AGG 3'
3' ACT GGG TGT AGG 5'
59
If mRNA reads 5' UAC CCG ACU 3', then there are ________ codons.
1
9
3
11
60
Transcribe: 3' TAC CCC ACA TCC 5'
3' ACT GGG TGT AGG 5'
5' ACU GGG UGU AGG 3'
3' ACU GGG UGU AGG 5'
5' ACT GGG TGT AGG 3'
