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Period 2 Review
Period 2 Review
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1
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
2
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
3
The land-based empire that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Ottomans
the Mughals
the Safavids
the Manchu Qing
4
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
5
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
looking to create empires in the Americas.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
6
The underlined sentence could best be used to demonstrate which stage of imperial development?
Its creation as an agricultural settlement.
Its decline following imperial expansion and conflict.
Its growth because of the silk road.
Its importance as an imperial capital.
7
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
8
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
9
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
10
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
11
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
12
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
Hinduism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism
13
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
14
How did the European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires?
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
15
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
16
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
17
Which region
WAS NOT
producing many consumer goods for the world market?
Africa
South Asia
East Asia
The Americas
18
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
19
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
20
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
21
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1606
1514
1571
1676
22
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
23
Given its location and description, the city of Tauris in the Safavid Empire shows the continuing importance of
Mediterranean Ocean Trade
Indian Ocean Sea Trade
Trans-Saharan Trade
The Silk Road
24
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
25
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
26
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Mughal Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
27
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
28
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Christianity and Islam
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
29
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
German Empire
Russian Empire
French Empire
Spanish Empire
30
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
31
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
He restarted civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
32
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
33
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Han Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Egyptian Empire
34
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
35
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Byzantines
The Romans
The Chinese
The Egyptians
36
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
37
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
38
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
39
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
40
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
41
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
42
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
43
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
44
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
45
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
46
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
47
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
Social powers
Economic powers
48
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
49
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
50
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
51
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were ORIGINALLY
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
Christian peoples.
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
52
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
53
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
54
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
55
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
56
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
57
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
58
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
caravels using lateen sails.
colonies in the Americas.
silver-backed currencies.
59
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
60
All of these civilizations participated in Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
61
Who discovered gunpowder/how?
by religious leaders looking for a way to scare away spirits.
by blacksmiths looking to create better metals
by alchemists trying to discover a potion of immortality
by peasants who dug it up during farming
62
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created taxation systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
63
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
Native American Animism
African Yoruba Shamanism
East Asian Buddhism
Spanish Catholicism
64
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
South Asia
East Asia
The Americas
Middle East
65
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
66
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
67
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
68
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
69
How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?
They encouraged the spread of Christianity in their territories.
They cut off all contact with the outside world.
They promoted Asian trade but limited European missionaries & merchants.
They allowed European merchants free trading privileges.
70
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
71
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
72
The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
an economic system.
a racially based social hierarchy.
a Latin American card game.
73
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
74
All of these claims could be supported by this chart
EXCEPT
:
The VOC was successful in transporting Asian luxuries to Europe.
The Dutch Joint Stock Companies were more successful than England's.
The Netherlands formed "Joint Stock Companies" to trade.
Over time, the VOC traded more within Asia than between Asia and Europe.
75
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which 1200-1450 trade network?
The Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Regional trade in the Americas
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
76
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
encomienda
mit'a
indentured servitude
chattel slavery
77
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
78
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Infantry with shields and swords
Horse saddles & stirrups
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
79
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
80
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
81
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
82
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
83
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
84
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Russia
Middle East
China
South Asia
85
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
86
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
87
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Chattel Slavery
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Mit'a
88
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
