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Earth Science 105 Exam Review
Earth Science 105 Exam Review
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1
What is a stratovolcano?
A linear vent where lava erupts from
A volcano with steep sides
A volcano that has formed a crater/ depression
A volcano with a low profile
2
What natural hazard do you think poses the greatest risk to NZ, now and in the future?
volcanoes
tsunamis
earthquakes
cyclonic storms
3
What happened the last time a large meteorite hit the earth?
the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
a large meteorite has never hit the earth
the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction
the moon was formed
4
What are the inner planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Saturn
Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter
5
What conditions are needed for a thunderstorm?
Moisture, wind shear, updraft
Moisture, Instability, Warm ground surfaces
Downdraft, wind shear, stable temperature gradient
Moisutre, Temperature instability, Updraft
6
True or false- all hazards associated with cyclonic storms will worsen in the future
False
True
7
What type of plate boundary is New Zealand on?
Divergent
Transform
Convergent w/o subduction
Convergent with subduction
8
A NEO is any object with a minimum distance from the sun <1.3 AU
False
True
9
How do we classify mass movement?
Material
Speed
All of these
Motion
10
ONLY supercell thunderstorms can form tornadoes
False
True
11
Which fire(s) is/are the hardest to extinguish?
Surface fire
Crown fire
Ground fire
None, that's what fire extinguishers are for
12
Wildfires can burn as long as they have enough heat
True
False
13
What is/are the resisting force(s) within mass movement
particle cohesion
none of these
gravity
friction
14
What are three local hazards of a volcano eruption?
Fallout and ballistics, lava flows, tsunami
Ash clouds, tsunami, volcanic gases
Pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, lahars
Lava flows, ash clouds, volcanic gases
15
What hazard(s) are most likely to be near a transform plate boundary?
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Flooding
Tsunamis
16
Why are the inner planets rocky and metallic, and outer planets icy with thick atmospheres?
Outerplanets are bigger and retain thick atmosphere due to high gravity
Gravitational accelaration in protosolar disk differentated the material
Heat from the protosun vaporised everything but rock and metal in inner SS
Formation of the moon blasted away the volatiles from the inner planets
17
True or false- meandering streams are further from the water source than braided streams?
False
True
18
What is precession?
Shape of the earth's orbit
Tilt of the earth on its axis
distance of the moon's orbit
the direction the earth's axis is pointing
19
Meandering streams have a high sediment load
False
True
20
True or false- the moon formed by an asteroid getting caught in Earth's orbit
False
True
21
What is the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough of a wave called?
Wavelength
Period
Wave height
Amplitude
22
Which two hazards have a short "countdown" time?
Cyclones, Blizzards
Tornadoes, Earthquakes
Cyclones, Tornadoes
Earthquakes, Meteorite Impacts
23
Based on the below image, how many countries meet the criteria for environmental sustainability?
6
10
0
1
24
What is eccenticity?
Tilt of the earth on its axis
the direction the earth's axis is pointing
Shape of the earth's orbit
distance of the moon's orbit
25
What type of faulting would you likely see at a divergent plate boundary?
Normal faulting (extension)
Strike-slip
No, faults don't occur here
Reverse faulting (compressive)
26
NEC (Near Earth Comets) have orbits of:
<200 years
>200 years
27
What is a caldera?
A linear vent where lava erupts from
A volcano that has formed a crater/ depression
A volcano with steep sides
A volcano with a low profile
28
What are the three factors that control viscosity?
Silica content, pressure, water
Silica content, temperature, water
Silica content, pressure, temperature
All of them
29
Which is the correct order for the formation of the solar system?
Protoplanets - protoplanetary disk - planets- planetismals
Protoplanets - protoplanetary disk - planetismals - planets
Protoplanetary disk - planetesimals - protoplanets - planets
Protoplanetary disk - protoplanets - planetesimals - planets
30
What is the correct order for layers of the earth?
Inner core- outer core- asthenosphere- mantle- lithosphere- crust
Inner core- outer core- mantle- asthenosphere- lithosphere- crust
Inner core- outer core- mantle- lithosphere- asthenosphere- crust
Inner core- outer core- lithosphere- mantle- asthenosphere- crust
31
What type of faulting would you likely see at a transform plate boundary?
No, faults don't occur here
Strike-slip
Normal faulting (extension)
Reverse faulting (compressive)
32
Which of these statements is FALSE
cyclonic storms will become more common with warming oceans
increasing population in coastal areas will cause more property damage
a greater proportion of cyclonic storms in the future will be severe storms
warmer oceans will mean a wider geographic area where cyclones can form
33
What time period are we living in today?
Archean
Eocene
Cretaceous
Holocene
34
What will NOT increase the likelihood of slope failure?
increased slope
angular particles
increased load
decreased strength
35
What is a convergent (subduction) plate boundary?
Plates moving towards eachother and one going underneath
Plates moving towards eachother and pushing upwards
Plates sliding past eachother
Plates moving away from eachother
36
Which contribute to Milankovitch cycles?
Eccentricity, Precession, Dynamo Effect
Obliquity, Lunar forcing, Magnetic reversal
Obliquity, Eccentricity, Oxidation state
Obliquity, Eccentricity, Precession
37
Which of these statements are TRUE
The best way to prevent wildfires is to let vegetation grow
Climate change does not affect wildfires
Ground fires are not hazardous because they are underground
Crown fires are the most dangerous wildfires
38
Which of these statements are TRUE?
River deltas are formed by braided streams meeting plains at mountain bases
Meanders constantly move due to erosion and deposition of river sediment
Only meandering rivers have floodplains
NZ does not have any meandering rivers due to its mountainous topography
39
What are 2 hazards associated with cyclonic storms?
High winds, heavy precipitation
Heavy precipitation, earthquakes
Storm surge, Inland tornadoes
High winds, tsunami
40
What kind of eruption could happen with high viscosity lava?
Lava flow
Pyroclastic flow
Lava dome
Debris avalanche
41
What storms are responsible for most tornadoes in New Zealand?
Mesoscale convective complexes
Ex-tropical storms
Supercell storms
Squall lines
42
What do wildfires need to burn?
All of these
Heat
Oxygen
Fuel
43
What is viscosity a measure of?
The resistance to pressure
The resistance to erosion
The resistance to flow
The resitance to heat
44
Where are you most likely to find braided rivers in NZ
South Island
North Island
45
Climate change means that some desert regions MIGHT become greener
False
True
46
What is obliquity?
the direction the earth's axis is pointing
Tilt of the earth on its axis
Shape of the earth's orbit
distance of the moon's orbit
47
Storm waves reach a lower seafloor base than normal swell
True
False
48
What controls a wave breaking?
The tides
Seafloor morphology
Wavelength
Local winds
49
Meandering streams have MORE than one channel
False
True
50
What is the definition of a natural disaster?
An extreme natural event that impacts humans
An extreme natural event that does not impact humans
Any extreme natural event
An extreme natural event with the potential to impact humans
51
What effect does longshore drift have on jetties?
Build-up of sand on both sides
Build-up of sand on the upcurrent side and erosion on the downcurrent side
Build-up of sand on the downcurrent side and erosion on the upcurrent side
Erosion of sand on both sides
52
Where is the deposition of material along a coastline?
Surf zone
Breakwater
Headland
Embayment
53
Where are landslides most likely to occur?
Near the ocean
Convergent plate boundaries
Areas of high topography
Divergent plate boundaries
54
Where do the most tornadoes occur?
Denmark
Canada
Australia
USA
55
Meandering streams are low velocity
True
False
56
Where is flooding most likely to occur
Near the ocean
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Near rivers and waterways
Divergent plate boundaries
57
True or false- a meteorite is only dangerous if it collides with the surface of the earth
True
False
58
The earth was warmer when the dinosaurs were alive
True
False
59
What is a convergent plate boundary?
Plates sliding past eachother
Plates moving towards eachother and pushing upwards
Plates moving away from eachother
Plates moving towards eachother and one going underneath
60
What is the definition of a natural hazard?
An extreme natural event that impacts humans
Any extreme natural event
An extreme natural event that does not impact humans
An extreme natural event with the potential to impact humans
61
A tsunami has a smaller wavelength than swell waves
False
True
62
What three natural hazards is New Zealand likely to experience?
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Landslides
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Wildfires
Flooding, Large tornadoes, Earthquakes
Volcanoes, Landslides, Wildfires
63
What is a shield volcano?
A volcano with steep sides
A volcano with a low profile
A linear vent where lava erupts from
A volcano that has formed a crater/ depression
64
At what wavelength do waves start to break?
1/5
1/2
1/4
1/20
65
Where are you most likely to find meandering rivers in NZ?
South Island
North Island
66
What is the most common type of flood in Auckland?
Mudflow flood
Ice-jam flood
Dam failure flood
Flash flood
67
What seismic wave is the fastest wave?
Rayleigh waves
s (secondary) waves
P (primary) waves
Love waves
68
True or false- rockfall, rock slide, and rock avalanche are all rock dominated flows and the only difference is speed
True
False
69
How are levees formed?
Point bank cutoff
Repeated riverbank flooding
Oxbow lake flooding
Cut bank overflow
70
What is a transform plate boundary?
Plates moving towards eachother and one going underneath
Plates moving away from eachother
Plates sliding past eachother
Plates moving towards eachother and pushing upwards
71
Where do cyclonic storms form?
Cold, polar water + convergent surface winds
Warm tropical waters + convergent surface winds
Warm tropical waters + divergent surface winds
Cold, polar water + divergent surface winds
72
What force pulls waves back into the ocean at the shoreline?
Longshore drift
The moon
Gravity
Ocean swell
73
What is an effect of a large meteorite impact?
All of these
Global cooling
Marine extinction
Terrestrial extinction
74
Where do Cyclonic Storms form?
Polar regions
Mid latitudes
75
What is the name of the man who first theorised plate tectonics?
Richard Oldham
Alfred Wegener
Augustus Edward Hough Love
Frederich Mohs
76
What type of crust will be subducted at an oceanic-continental convergent margin?
Both
Neither
Continental
Oceanic
77
If ALL human carbon emissions stopped tomorrow, climate change would also stop tomorrow or the day after
True
False
78
What combination would create the steepest slope?
Coarse sand, saturated
Round pebbles, dry
Angular pebbles, damp
Fine sand, saturated
79
What hazard(s) are most likely to be near a convergent plate boundary?
Volcanoes
Flooding
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
80
What type of faulting would you likely see at a convergent plate boundary?
Reverse faulting (compressive)
Normal faulting (extension)
No, faults don't occur here
Strike-slip
81
What is a divergent plate boundary?
Plates moving towards eachother and one going underneath
Plates moving away from eachother
Plates moving towards eachother and pushing upwards
Plates sliding past eachother
82
What kind of eruption could happen with low viscosity lava?
Debris avalanche
Lava dome
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
83
What is the hazard that can only occur at stratovolcanoes?
Lava flows
None of these
Pyroclastic flows
Lahars
84
What plate boundary(s) are/is associated with earthquakes?
Transform
Divergent
All of them
Convergent
85
What is a Milankovitch cycle?
Collective effect of changes in Earth's movement on climate
Changes in tectonic movement on Earth's climate
Collective effect of volcanism on Earth's climate
Time between earthquakes
86
The crest is the highest point of a wave
True
False
87
Braided streams have a high sediment load
True
False
88
What are the inner planets made of (in comparison to outer planets)?
Water
Ice
Gas
Rock
89
True or false, with continent-continent collision (like the Himalayas), there will never be any subduction
False
True
90
A volcano eruption can cause global impacts
True
False
91
Return interval is the probability of a flood based on historical data
False
True
92
The largest human input to atmospheric carbon is from agriculture and deforestation
False
True
93
What is a fissure volcano?
A volcano with steep sides
A volcano with a low profile
A linear vent where lava erupts from
A volcano that has formed a crater/ depression
94
Which carbon reservoir stores the most carbon?
Atmosphere
Deep ocean
Soil
Plants
95
The largest return interval possible is the number of years on record, plus one
False
True
