What is the most appropriate definition for "reliability" as it relates to test construction?

consistency and dependability of test score

What is "validity" as it relates to test construction?

the ability of test to measure what it's supposed to measure

Where is the one place in the brain where are all memories are stored?

nowhere-memories are stored in the areas where 1st processed

What is the role of the diencephalon in declarative memories?

Involved in initiation &monitoring of episodic mem retrieval

What is anterograde amnesia?

The inability to make new memories after a lesion/injury

Is there evidence to support that working memory and long term memory are separate systems?

Yes-- evidence comes from case studies

All the following are advantages of NPE over neuroimaging except...

it gives details regarding anatomical structures

How do the images from the two eyes get combined?

they are put together at the optic chiasm

All of the following are ways that the neuropsych assessments help with diagnosis except...

providing information about the medical etiology of illness

What is testing for symptom validity?

it's testing to ensure that pts are putting in good effort

All the following are reasons to conduct a neuropsychological assessment except...

To identify the exact brain structures damaged/injured

What is the name of the pathway that conveys proprioception, vibration and fine touch?

Posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway

Where does the information from the retina go?

to the occipital lobe and at least 10 other brain areas

What is a pathognomonic sign?

a specific and distinctive characteristic of a disease

The arcuate fasciculus ....

connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas

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Neuropsychology Exam #2 Unit

80 termsStudBud Administration31 plays

Chapters of Neuropsychological Assessment, Somatosensory/Motor Systems, Vision and Language, and Memory

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Questions 80

Answers

1
Output from the primary motor cortex goes to...
internal capsule
secondary motor areas
directly to the spinal cord
somatosensory cortex
2
What is the most appropriate definition for "reliability" as it relates to test construction?
consistency and dependability of test score
able to predict the future
measuring the construct it claims to measure
able to correctly diagnose
3
We are able to sense every single stimuli that exists in our environment
True
False
4
Which of these is not a movement center, but is instrumental in initiating motor behavior?
posterior parietal lobes
premotor area
cingulate motor cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
5
What is "validity" as it relates to test construction?
the ability of test to measure what it's supposed to measure
the use of standardized samples
the dependability of the test score over time
the consistency of the test items within a test
6
What is the name for the condition in which someone is no longer able to see color?
phantosmia
akinetopsia
anosmia
achromatopsia
7
Where is the one place in the brain where are all memories are stored?
temporal lobe
frontal lobe
hippocampus
nowhere-memories are stored in the areas where 1st processed
8
What is the main difference between declarative memory and nondeclarative memory?
learning vs. conditioning
recall vs. recognition
episodic vs. semantic memory
explicit vs. implicit memory
9
What is the role of the diencephalon in declarative memories?
Involved in encoding of episodic memory
Involved in production of acetylcholine
Involved in initiation &monitoring of episodic mem retrieval
Involved in encoding of procedural memory
10
This somatosensory deficit is a feeling of "pins and needles"
astereognosis
proprioceptive disorder
peripheral neuropathy
paresthesia
11
What cranial nerves carry information about taste from the tongue to the medulla?
III, IV and VI
I, II and III
X, XI, XII
VII, IX, and X
12
What is anterograde amnesia?
The inability to make new memories after a lesion/injury
The inability to recall old memories after a lesion/injury
The inability to remember anything at all
The inability to remember who one is
13
Is there evidence to support that working memory and long term memory are separate systems?
No-- research has shown that they overlap
No-- the distinction is theoretical
Yes-- evidence comes from case studies
Yes-- evidence comes from animal studies only
14
What area of the brain appears to be most involved in learning procedural skills?
hippocampus
medial temporal lobe
basal ganglia
diencephalon
15
Deficit if have a lesion in the optic nerve after the optic chiasm and before the thalamus.
homonymous quadrantanopia
homonymous hemianopsia
blindness in one eye
cortical blindness
16
All the following are advantages of NPE over neuroimaging except...
it provides descriptive info about actual functioning
it gives details regarding anatomical structures
it's non-invasive
it can answer specific referral questions
17
How do the images from the two eyes get combined?
they are put together at the optic chiasm
they are put together in the occipital lobe
they are put together in the thalamus
they are put together at the retina
18
All aspects of vision (ie. color, form, movement) are processed in the same area of the brain
false
true
19
All of the following are ways that the neuropsych assessments help with diagnosis except...
providing complementary information to neuroimaging
identifying if there has been a cognitive decline over time
providing information about the medical etiology of illness
identifying if pattern of weakness is consistent w/diagnosis
20
What is testing for symptom validity?
it's a way to check on the accuracy of the tests
it's a way to ensure that patients are not faking good
it's a statistical formula assessing reliability & validity
it's testing to ensure that pts are putting in good effort
21
what is the word root pertaining to taste that is used in words about taste disorders?
agnosia
geusia
osmia
anopia
22
Asking someone to count backwards from 20 or saying months of year backwards is a test of what?
executive functioning
memory
language
attention/concentration
23
Which validity tells about how well the scores will relate to an outcome in the future?
predictive validity
construct validity
concurrent validity
content validity
24
Which of the following can affect the accuracy of neuropsychological testing results?
malingering
pain or fatigue
all of the above
emotional factors, such as depression or anxiety
25
If someone is able to copy or match objects but does not understand what they are, they have...
an apperceptive visual agnosia
an associative visual agnosia
cortical blindness
a prosopagnosia
26
The name for the process by which environmental stimuli are converted into neuronal impulses.
Transportation
Translation
Transduction
Transformation
27
All the following are reasons to conduct a neuropsychological assessment except...
To outline treatment strategies and make recommendations
To assist with the differential diagnosis of disorders
To identify the exact brain structures damaged/injured
Identify a patient's cognitive strengths and weaknesses
28
What functions must be intact before we say that someone has a true verbal memory deficit?
attention/concentration
visual functioning
spatial functioning
executive functioning
29
Which is NOT one of the three systems involved in consolidating declarative memories?
Basal forebrain
Mesencephalon
Diencephalon
Medial temporal lobes
30
The somatosensory system is responsible for ...
monitoring external sensations
monitoring internal sensations
monitoring proprioception
All of the above
31
Where does the very first step of language processing occur?
Wernicke's area
Heschl's gyrus
precentral gyrus
Broca's area
32
How is Heschl's gyrus organized?
retinotopically
touchotopically
somatopically
tonotopically
33
During the neuropsychological evaluation, which of the following must be considered?
all of the above
developmental history
educational history
vocational history
34
What is it called when a stimulus activates one or more existing memories unconsciously?
conditioning
priming
habituation
explicit memory
35
What is the name of the pathway that conveys proprioception, vibration and fine touch?
Anterior column- lateral lemniscal pathway
Lateral column-medial lemniscal pathway
Medial column-lateral lemniscal pathway
Posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway
36
How is the primary motor cortex organized?
somatopically
tonotopically
touchotopically
retinotopically
37
Where does the information from the retina go?
to the occipital lobe and at least 10 other brain areas
to the occipital lobe and one or two other cortical areas
only to the occipital lobe
to the occipital lobe and many other areas, all cortical
38
Which is NOT a component of Baddeley's working memory model?
Central executive
Phonological loop
Visuospatial sketch pad
Maintenance rehearsal
39
If a patient is fluent, but cannot understand language and cannot repeat words, they have...
Anomic aphasia
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Mixed non-fluent aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia
40
The "what" system of visual processing is in the ____ while the "where" system is in the _____
left/right
dorsal/ventral
occipitoparietal/occipitotemporal
ventral/dorsal
41
This somatosensory tract carries information related to pain, temperature and crude touch.
Spinoreticular tract
Spinomesencephalic tract
Spinocortical tract
Spinothalamic tract
42
What is a pathognomonic sign?
a specific and distinctive characteristic of a disease
a sign that someone is "faking bad"
a cognitive disorder
a sign that testing is accurate
43
The "master processor" for vision lies in the...
occipital lobe
ventral visual pathway
dorsal visual pathway
there is no "master processor"
44
What refers to "visual difficulties" and is the root of the words relating to visual deficits?
geusia
agnosia
osmia
anopia
45
The arcuate fasciculus ....
is part of the dorsal visual stream
is part of the ventral visual stream
None of the above
connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas
46
What part of the brain has been associated with episodic encoding and retrieval?
temporal lobe
prefrontal cortex
angular gyrus
Heschl's gyrus
47
This part of the brain is involved in understanding grammar and syntax.
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
arcuate fasciculus
angular gyrus
48
Information in the somatosensory pathways is said to be ______________ organized.
retinotopically
somatopically
tonotopically
touchtopically
49
In "what" system, the ____ makes meaning of letters/words, the ____ recognizes faces/objects.
right/left
left/right
ventral/dorsal
dorsal/ventral
50
All of the following are categories of disorders of motor processing EXCEPT...
disorders of when to act
disorders of where to act
the inability to move
disorders of how to act
51
If a patient is non-fluent, but understands language and can repeat words, they have...
Anomic aphasia
Transcortical motor aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Broca's aphasia
52
Which brain area handles the internal intention to move?
premotor area
supplemental motor area
posterior parietal lobes
cingulate motor cortex
53
Korsakoff's syndrome is caused by _____ and results in _________
deficiency of thiamine/confabulation
too much thiamine/poor memory encoding
deficiency of thiamine/poor memory encoding
too much thiamine/confabulation
54
All of the following are tests of executive functioning EXCEPT...
a test assessing someone's ability to be mentally flexible
a test assessing someone's higher level reasoning
a test assessing someone's ability to follow commands
a test assessing someone's ability to plan and problem solve
55
All of the following describe a person with hemianopsia (NOT neglect) EXCEPT...
have organized search pattern
tend to have problems with attention in general
compensate well
have awareness of deficit
56
What is unique about olfactory neurons?
they can regenerate when injured
they are their own receptors
they are directly exposed to the environment
All of the above
57
Information in the primary visual cortex is said to be _________________ organized.
somatotopically
touchtopically
tonotopically
retinotopically
58
Where is V1 located in the brain?
at the most posterior end of the occipital cortex
at the occipito-temporal junction
at the occipito-parietal junction
Nowhere-- it is a theoretical concept
59
What conditions are needed to make a test a "standardized test"?
all of the above
standard conditions of administration
standard conditions of scoring
standard conditions of interpretation
60
The procedure used to identify that a specific brain area controls a particular function.
trephination
transduction
single dissociation
double dissociation
61
Do you need to assess for emotional symptoms in neuropsychological testing? why or why not?
No-- that is the job of the psychiatrist
Yes-- emotional issues can interfere with cognition
No-- emotional issues are separate from cognition
Yes-- but only to ensure that someone is not suicidal
62
Why are neglects most often left-sided?
the left is more specialized for global spatial awareness
people are more likely to have strokes on the right side
the right is more specialized for global spatial awareness
the left side of the brain is more resilient
63
What is the very first step needed to eventually encode something into long term memory?
encoding
rehearsal in working memory
paying attention
input registering on the sensory register
64
Which approach to NPE interpretation examines the relative relationships of all scores?
differential score approach
idiosyncratic interpretation
deficit measurement
pattern analysis
65
What part of medial temporal lobe is esp. necessary for encoding new declarative memories?
amygdala only
hippocampus only
hippocampus and associated cortices
hippocampus and amygdala
66
Which term is NOT a process in long-term memory?
rehearsal
encoding
retrieval
storage
67
In addition to clarifying diagnosis, NPE can also do all the following except...
identify the severity of the illness
predict how a person will behave in a particular situation
identify the impact of limitations on functioning
identify, quantify and describe changes in behavior
68
What is the disorder of the "where" visual system called?
agnosia
neglect
anosmia
apraxia
69
The inability to recognize the form and/or function of objects and people is called....
agnosia
alexia
apraxia
aphasia
70
Which of the following literally means a "diminished sense of smell"?
hyposmia
anosmia
hypoxia
achromatopsia
71
This subcortical area permits seamless coord.& unconscious flow of movt, esp the timing of movt
medulla
hippocampus
cerebellum
basal ganglia
72
Which brain area likely plays a role in the emotional and motivational impetus for movement?
premotor area
cingulate motor cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
posterior parietal lobes
73
In tests having high specificity can lead to ___ while having high sensitivity can lead to ____
false negatives/false positives
false positives/false negatives
false negatives/true positives
true negatives/false positives
74
All of the following are types of declarative memory, EXCEPT...
conceptual priming
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
75
Disorders of HOW to act are usually called...
akinesias
choreas
apraxias
aphasias
76
What conclusions about memory can be reached based on the case of HM?
working memory and long-term memory overlap in the brain
memory consolidation happens instantaneously
loss of declarative memory also results in loss of priming
loss of declarative memory does not affect procedural memory
77
What is the difference between working memory and short-term memory?
short-term memory has a larger capacity than working memory
Short-term memory is a subsection of Long-term memory
Working memory moves info from STM to LTM
They are essentially the same
78
What appears to be one of the most important contributions of the basal forebrain to memory?
the retrieval of declarative memories
priming
the encoding of procedural memories
the production of acetylcholine for learning
79
A lesion in Wernicke's area will have different effects depending on if its on right or left...
R: can understand emotional tone but not words
L: can't understand emotional tone or words
L: can understand words, but not nuances of jokes or prosody
R: can understand words, but not nuances of jokes or prosody
80
What is a distinct advantage of a process approach in neuropsychological testing?
it does not require any experience to perform
acknowledges the individuality of the patient
tests are administered in a standardized way
it lends itself well to large-scale research

Neuropsychology Exam #2 Unit Flashcards | StudBud