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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Questions
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1
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
2
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
3
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
phonemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
4
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
William James
5
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
6
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
insomnia
narcolepsy
7
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
personality
anxiety
8
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
platonic
9
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
cerebellum
reticular formation
limbic system
10
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
11
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
12
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
cocaine
heroin
marijuana
13
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
14
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
15
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
closure
symmetry
16
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
17
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
18
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
conflict
change
frustration
19
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
20
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
21
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
22
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
23
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
24
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
25
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
irrational thoughts
26
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
27
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
28
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
29
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
30
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
31
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
32
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
cyclical
unipolar
bipolar
33
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
repression
avoidance
suppression
34
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
35
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
36
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
37
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
38
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
concrete
39
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
40
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
41
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
42
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
43
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
44
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
45
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
46
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
47
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
observational learning
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
48
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
49
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
50
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
exposure to light
51
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
52
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
53
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
54
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
55
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
56
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
pathogens
57
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
social charm
58
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
59
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
60
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
chunk
schema
61
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
62
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
63
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
64
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
introspection
cognition
mentalism
65
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
neodynamism
66
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
67
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
68
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
69
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
procedural
fluid
70
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
high in agreeableness
71
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
72
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
73
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
74
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
compensation
fixation
regression
75
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
76
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
77
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
78
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
79
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
80
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
81
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender roles
gender behaviors
82
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
83
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
illusions
obsessions
delusions
84
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
85
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
beta
gamma
86
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
87
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
88
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
selection
89
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test levels
test scales
test norms
90
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
91
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
92
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
93
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
94
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
95
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
timbre
pitch
loudness
96
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
attributionism
97
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
98
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
a headache
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
99
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
centration
conservation
100
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
reiteration
recall
relearning
101
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
conscious experience
behavior
the unconscious
102
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
103
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
panic disorder
104
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
105
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
106
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
107
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
108
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
hypothalamus
109
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
time of testing
cross-sectional
longitundinal
110
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
marital problems
bipolar disorder
111
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
112
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
113
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
114
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
115
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
116
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 2
stage 4
stage 1
117
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
118
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
119
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
120
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
121
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
122
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
light
123
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
124
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
125
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
126
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
127
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
sadness
surprise
happiness
128
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
129
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
attachment
personality
130
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
131
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
spinal cord
132
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
133
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
134
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
135
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
behavioral
humanistic
psychoanalytic
136
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
encoded
retrieved
ablated
137
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
138
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
saturation
color
light purity
139
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
rabbit
loud noise
fear reaction
140
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
141
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
142
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
midpoint
mode
median
143
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
144
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
cornea
lens
vitreous humor
145
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
146
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
social loafing
147
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
148
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
genital
latency
anal
149
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
150
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
