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Criminology: biological theories of crime (Unit 2, AC 2.1) Flashcards | StudBud
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Criminology: biological theories of crime (Unit 2, AC 2.1)
Criminology: biological theories of crime (Unit 2, AC 2.1)
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1
What is
ONE
strength of Sheldon's study?
Sheldon studied a wide range of body shapes
Scientific credibility: measurable criteria & a testable hypothesis
He took into account, social factors, e.g. social status
He used a very large sample size (4000 + participants)
2
Whose study supports Lange's findings?
Mednick et al
Christiansen
Raine et al
Scerbo & Raine
3
Which of the following best describes Sheldon's study of somatotypes?
Macro
Quatitative
Correlation study
Meta-analysis
4
How did
Raine et al
investigate the brain activity of violent offenders?
MRi
EEG
PET scans
CAT scans
5
What is '
atavism
'?
The impact of socialisation on the individual
The psychological make-up of criminals
Key features of typical offenders
Biological /physiological characteristics inherited from primitive man
6
Which
TWO
of the following did Lombroso identify as specific
criminal
traits?
Bloodshot eyes and curly hair
Using slang, having tattoos and being unemployed
Being quite tall
Emotional outbursts
7
How did Lombroso conduct his research?
He compared facial & cranial features of Italian prisoners & soldiers
He compared facial features of offenders with those of his students
Analysis of government statistics
Case studies of 50 criminals
8
Which somatotype did
Sheldon
associate with criminality?
Endomorph
Ectomorph
Morph
Mesomorph
9
What is a weakness of Lombroso's study?
Lombroso didn't use quantitative research methods
He used qualitative data
It is biologically deterministic & also reductionist
His sample size was very small
10
What is
ONE
weakness of Sheldon's research?
He does not take account of the fact that body shape can change
Sheldon paid too much attention to social background
Methodological problems: sample size was very small
His findings were later disproved by Goring (1915)
11
According to
Lombroso's atavistic form
, criminals are what?
A biological class with primitive, physical features
A biological class of people distinguishable by their body shape
Identifiable by their genetics
A biological class of people identified by their faces
12
What is the aim of twins studies into criminality?
To study non-identical twins
To compare MZ and DZ twins
To look for a higher concordance rate of criminal behaviour in MZ twins
To look for a link between criminality and genes
13
According to Raine's study, which areas of the brain are less active in offenders?
Prefrontal cortex, the corpus callosum & the limbic system
Parietal lobe & hippocampus
Occipital lobe
Frontal and temporal lobes; pituitary gland
14
Jacob et al
linked which chromosomal disorder with criminality?
XXY
XY
XXYY
XYY
15
Lombroso is associated with positivism. What is
positivism
?
An interpretivist method of studying crime
A micro approach to studying society
The use of scientific method & empirical evidence to study crime
An approach that relies on qualitative data only
16
Scerbo & Raine
correlated low levels of which neurotransmitter with anti-social behaviour?
Serotonin
Cortisol
Dopamine
Testosterone
