Describe the strength and direction of the correlation.

Medium positive linear relation, Medium negative linear relation

Select all that apply: factors that influence sample representativeness

Sample size, Response rate, sampling procedure

The elements of a population do not have equal chance of selection with the sample

Non probability sampling technique

If two variables are not normally distributed, I can use:

Spearman’s (rho) correlation test

Positive values of covariance indicate:

a positive relationship between X and Y

Choose the correct hypotheses: The average daily screen time for teenagers is 5 hours

𝐻0: 𝜇 = 5 𝐻1: 𝜇 ≠ 5

Odds ratio measures .....

the strength of the association

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MCQ mock exam - Statistics and Econometrics

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Questions 89

Answers

1
The most frequently occurring score is:
Median
St. deviation
Mode
Mean
2
Distributions that are flatter than the normal curve are high in kurtosis
True
False
3
Describe the shape of the histogram
Symmetrical
Negatively skewed
Left skewed
Positively skewed
4
Hypotheses are always about population parameters not sample statistics
False
True
5
The .......denotes the number of standard deviations a data value x_i is from the mean.
z-score
Standard Deviation
Median
Probability
6
The p-value = 0.08, is the result significant at 10%?
Yes
No
7
How far a set of numbers are spread out from their average value is measured by the:
Mean
Median
Variance
Interquartile range
8
A health researcher investigates a disease by selecting patients from a specialized clinic that treats this condition
Snowball Sampling
Convenience sampling
Judgmental sampling
Quota sampling
9
The probability of an event given that another event has occurred is called:
Conditional probability
Marginal Probability
Joint Probability
Relative Frequency
10
The highest point on the normal curve is at the mean, which is also the median and mode
True
False
11
Describe the strength and direction of the correlation.
Medium positive linear relation
Weak negative linear relation
Strong positive linear relation
Medium negative linear relation
12
Job Performance Reviews: Unsatisfactory, Satisfactory, Good, Very Good, Outstanding
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
Interval
13
How often do repeated measurements have the same value? This characterizes:
Precision
Representativeness
Bias
Accuracy
14
Descriptive statistics summarize sample data, extract essential information and make inferences for the population
False
True
15
If n<30, we need to use the t-distribution
True
False
16
..... means that the variance within each group being compared is approximately equal across all groups.
Normal Distribution
Regression Analysis
Outliers
Homogeneity of variance
17
A statistically significant difference in the mean scores for the 2 groups is given by:
Pearson correlation test
Spearman correlation test
Independent samples t -test
18
Select all that apply: factors that influence sample representativeness
Sample size
Response rate
Survey topic
sampling procedure
19
The elements of a population do not have equal chance of selection with the sample
Non probability sampling technique
Probability sampling technique
20
If two variables are not normally distributed, I can use:
Pearson’s (r) correlation test
Spearman’s (rho) correlation test
Regression analysis
Independent samples t-test
21
For normal distributed population, the CLT holds true for samples ....
larger than 50
smaller than 30
larger than 30
larger than 100
22
Altitude above Sea Level in Meters: -50m, 0m, 50m, 100m
Ratio
Ordinal
Interval
Nominal
23
Temperature (Celsius): -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, 20°C
Interval
Nominal
Ratio
Ordinal
24
Military Ranks: Private, Corporal, sergeant, Lieutenant, Captain, Major
Ordinal
Interval
Nominal
Ratio
25
The normal probability distribution is the most important distribution for describing a continuous random variable
True
False
26
These hypotheses indicate: 𝐻₀: 𝜇 ≤ 𝜇₀ vs. 𝐻₁: 𝜇 > 𝜇₀
Independent Sample Test
One tailed test
Null Hypothesis only
Two-Sided Test
27
Data values greater than the sample mean have a z-score:
greater than zero
equal to zero
less than zero
28
Positive values of covariance indicate:
a positive relationship between X and Y
An inverse relationship
A causal relationship
A perfect linear relationship
29
If the sample size n is even, then the median is the average of the two middle values.
False
True
30
The closer the correlation is to zero, the weaker the relationship
True
False
31
Skewness less than 0 indicates:
Normal Distribution
Symmetrical Distribution
Left Skewed
Right Skewed
32
Choose the correct hypotheses: The average daily screen time for teenagers is 5 hours
𝐻0: 𝜇 < 5 𝐻1: 𝜇 > 5
𝐻0: 𝜇 = 5 𝐻1: 𝜇 ≠ 5
𝐻0: 𝜇 = 5 𝐻1: 𝜇 > 5
𝐻0: 𝜇 = 5 𝐻1: 𝜇 < 5
33
The range of values that will contain a population parameter with a certain degree of confidence is called:
Hypothesis Test
Confidence interval
Population Parameter
Significance Level
34
..... is a number that is computed from the data in a sample.
Sample Space
Statistic
Parameter
Estimate
35
The process of using data from a sample to gain information about the population is called:
Data Mining
Probability Sampling
Statistical inference
Hypothesis Testing
36
Distance traveled: e.g., 12.4 kilometers.
Categorical observations
Discrete observations
Continuous observations
37
A systematic error that favours a particular result is called
Measurement error
Bias
Sample variability
Noise
38
The absolute frequency divided by the number of observations, 𝑛 in the sample is:
Cumulative frequency
Relative frequency
Frequency distribution
Histogram
39
If Central Limit Theorem holds, the population sampling distribution will be .......
Skewed
Unimodal
Normally Distributed
40
Homogeneity of variance is examined using:
Regression Analysis
Levene’s test
Independent samples t-test
41
........ of x̄ is an estimator of the population standard deviation of the x̄
Variance
Sample Standard Deviation
Sampling Distribution
Standard Error
42
The total area under the curve for the normal distribution is equal to:
1
0
Infinity
100
43
Number of goals scored in a football match: e.g., 4 goals.
Categorical observations
Continuous observations
Discrete observations
44
Cluster Sampling is a probability sampling technique
False
True
45
Odds ratio measures .....
The mean outcome ratio
the strength of the association
he likelihood of a single event happening
The correlation between two variables
46
•A Type II Error is not rejecting a false Null (false negative)
False
True
47
Is the level of education of employees related to their job satisfaction?
I can use independent samples t-test
I can use correlation test
I can use regression test
48
I want to study consumer behaviour so I will find consumers outside the TESCO
Snowball sampling
Quota sampling
Convenience sampling
Simple random sampling
49
Correlation is a measure of linear association and
does not imply causation
indicates a strong dependency
implies causation
is the same as regression analysis
50
Favorite Sports: Soccer, Basketball, Tennis, Swimming
Nominal
Ratio
Ordinal
Interval
51
......... are the mutually exclusive potential results of a random process.
Events
Factors
Outcomes
Variables
52
The correlation coefficient of this scatter plot is equal to:
r = 0
r = - 0.5
r = 0.5
r = 1
53
Which graph represents a linear regression correlation coefficient closest to −1
Graph 1
Graph 4
Graph 2
Graph 3
54
Stratified random sampling is more representative than the Systematic random sampling
False
True
55
In Systematic random sampling a confidence interval is needed
False
True
56
The interquartile range is not often influenced by outliers
False
True
57
Large p-values fail to give evidence against H₀
False
True
58
A list of subjects from which a sample of subjects is selected
Sampling frame
Sampling method
Sampling error
59
..... is usually the hypothesis that sample observations result purely from chance
Sampling Hypothesis
Research Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
60
If the probability of event A is not changed by the existence of event B, we would say that events A and B and are .....
Correlated
Mutually Exclusive
Complementary
Independent
61
Nominal data are described by using the measure of central tendency of:
Mean
Mode
Variance
Median
62
A Type I Error is:
Misinterpreting data due to sample bias
not rejecting a false Null
rejecting a true Null
not rejecting a true Null
63
If t-statistic > critical value
H0 not rejected
H0 rejected
64
IQ Scores: 85, 100, 115, 130
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Nominal
65
This result supports:
a positive significant weak relation
a positive non significant moderate relation
a negative not significant weak relation
a positive significant moderate relation
66
Types of Cuisine: Italian, Mexican, Indian, Japanese
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
Nominal
67
When the p-value is less than 𝛼, the results are statistically significant
True
False
68
Outliers are unusual values in the dataset and can be identified by using:
Histogram
Scatterplots
Bar charts
Frequency tables
69
The correlation coefficient is -0.824
moderate negative correlation between variables
strong positive correlation between variables
strong negative correlation between variables
moderate positive correlation between variables
70
.... is a statistic used as an approximation for the population parameter
Population Parameter
Range
Sample Statistic
Point estimate
71
The p-value or else called significance is equal to 0.003 at 5% level of significance.
Results are not statistically significant
Null cannot be rejected
Null can be rejected
72
The deviation between an estimate from an ideal sample and the true population value
Sampling method
Sampling error
Sampling frame
73
A collection of sample points - a set of one or more outcomes is called:
Probability
Random Variable
Event
Experiment
74
The likelihood the null to be true is given by:
Sample Statistic
P-value
Null Hypothesis
Significance Level
75
The normal curve should be bell-shaped (unimodal) and continuous
False
True
76
............is a numerical measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
Possibility
Statistics
Prediction
Probability
77
Spearman’s correlation coefficient is used for...
requires interval data
is not suitable for ordinal data
skewed distributed variables
normally distributed variables
78
Number of times a person visits a doctor in a year is
Categorical observations
Continuous observations
Discrete observations
79
The sample's proportion of a certain characteristic matches that of the population.
Snowball Sampling
Quota sampling
Judgmental sampling
Convenience sampling
80
Spiciness Levels in Food: Mild, Medium, Hot, Extra Hot
Interval
Nominal
Ratio
Ordinal
81
What type of distribution do you identify?
Platykurtic distribution
Leptokurtic distribution
Mesokurtic distribution
82
Individuals are selected based on how accessible they are.
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Systematic sampling
83
The education affects the consumption of beef. Education is:
The independent variable
The dependent variable
The sampling error
The residuals
84
Height of Individuals: 0 cm, 150 cm, 175 cm, 200 cm
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
85
Heart Rate (Beats Per Minute): 0 bpm, 60 bpm, 120 bpm
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
86
Occupation: e.g., teacher, engineer, nurse.
Categorical observations
Discrete observations
Continuous observations
87
....... is an unknown value that describes some aspect of the population or a population relationship
Statistic
Data Point
Parameter
Coefficient
88
The word of mouth and referrals from initial respondents are crucial here.
Judgmental sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Snowball Sampling
89
In simple random sampling each element is selected one at a time
True
False

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