Radiation Protection LP3

Separation of 2 base molecules is reparable since they are held in place by rails and re-attach

This type of damage breaks in sugar phosphate “rails” of molecule structure

any uncharged atom with a single,unpaired electron in the outermost shell

nerve cells, erythrocytes are:

Main Chain Scission: Damage to the “rail,” can be caused by:

Irreparable;Replacement by similar molecule results in change genetic code/frame shift mutation

degree of specialization in structure and function

dose delivered over long period of time continuously, but at lower dose rate. No repair time.

dose is not proportionate to response but varies according to mathematical shape of the curve

5 MeV alpha particles have an RBE of:

dose fractionated, reduces effect because cells undergo repair/recovery between doses.

Breaking total delivered dose into several separated portions, allowing time between exposure

there is no safe level because all dose levels regardless of how small is potentially harmful

Diagnostic x-ray has an RBE of:

2 hits to 1 molecule ____ kill the cell,but deactivation of 2 molecules by 1 hit ____

Two broad types of damage:

there is a level below which the response is not seen

Target Theory: A “hit” is defined as ____, ____ damage to chromosome resulting in deactivation

10 MeV protons have an RBE of:

Protraction ____ effectiveness of the dose

Double-strand breaks are more likely from ____ than from ____.

Ionization causes the chemical breaking down (lysis) of water into various:

LET is ____ inverse to penetration

____ is an indicator of how harmful the radiation is

The effectiveness of a certain type of radiation in causing a specified effect or disease

Diagnostic radiology is primarily concerned with ____ dose-response relationships

can be quickly/easily repaired; if mis-repaired, results in a point mutation.

Breaks in nitrogenous base pairs that make “rungs”

meaning the response is directly related to dose

theory that very small amounts of radiation may be beneficial; stimulating vitamin D production

Protraction ____ the dose rate (for a given total dose)

changes in the actual sequence of the genetic code, and are of greatest concern

Cells that divide more/are less highly differentiated are generally more sensitive to radiation

directly related to the effect on the organism

usually undetectable, sublethal to cell

extending the delivery of a single dose over a longer time

LET measures energy deposited per ____ or per ____ as the radiation penetrates into the body

low probability event compared to other hits

Irreparable according to most authors; Can cause a frame shift mutation

A single-strand break is ____ damage

Women are ____ resilient to radiation exposure than men.

Heavy recoil nuclei (particle accelerators) have an RBE of:

Radiolysis of Water

electrically neutral hydrogen atoms are:

If a non-target molecule takes a “hit” from radiation,any damage will be sub-lethal to the cell

epithelial skin cells & GI lining are:

The amount of energy deposited in tissue per unit path length of the radiations travel