test uses a slide that has been coated with fluorescent dyeconjugated antigens&special microsco

direct fluorescent antibody testing

how often does a microscope need calibrated?

once for service life of instrument

if a tourniquet placed on patients forelimb is left there how will it affect the sample?

the platelet count may be elevated in the blood sample

list the correct order of maturation of granuloctyes from most immature to mature

meyloblast, promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte, band cell

in which stage is virus isolation most successful?

early in active infectious phase

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Clin Path 1 final study guide Flashcards | StudBud

Clin Path 1 final study guide

317 termsStudBud Administration96 plays

A clinical pathology study guide for the final for Vet tech students

Flashcards317 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 317

Answers

1
what is the name for newly released platelets that contain high levels of RNA?
thrombocytes
reticulated erythrocytes
reticulocytes
reticulated platelets
2
what is exposedon surfaceof platelet membrane once activated and is binding sitefor coag cascad
phosphorus
phosphatase
hemotidylserine
phosphatidylserine
3
which organ is the primary site for the production of coagulation factors?
gallbladder
liver
kidney
spleen
4
which test is used to detect sugars other than glucose in the urine?
glucose test
clinitest reagent tablets
blood sugar test
reagent strips
5
a patient w/ a suspected bile duct obstruction would likely have an increase w/ what?
urobilin
bilirubin
conjugated bilirubin
urobilinogen
6
in which species is alkaline phosphatase not a valid test for bile duct obstruction?
horses
cats
cows
sheep
7
which type of assay needs to have the standard analyzed at same time as patient sample
all of the above
one-point assay
ELISA
two-point assay
8
what color background should a urine sample be held up against to determine color of sample?
black
white
tan
pink
9
which inclusion appears as small dark-bluebodies of residual RNA within RBC inWright stain cell
eosinophilic stippling
cell stippling
basophilic stippling
gram stain stippling
10
what method of blood typing is the gold standard?
all of the above
tube method
antigen reaction
crossmatching
11
macrophages may develop from which type of cell if exposed to a specific cytokine?
Erythrocytes
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
12
type of stain used for cytology to determine if cells are neoplastic or inflammatory?
romanowsky
giemsa
mueller-hinton
new methylene blue
13
test uses a slide that has been coated with fluorescent dyeconjugated antigens&special microsco
direct fluorescent antibody testing
indirect fluorescent antibody testing
fluorescent antibody testing
conjugated fluorescent testing
14
which structure resorbs the plasma proteins in healthy animals?
all of the above
loop of Henle
renal tubules
glomerulus
15
what do u multiply avg # of platelets in 10 microscopic fields by to estimate platelet count
2,000
20,000
1,000
10,000
16
an organism with a spore located in the center of the cell would be which of the following?
bacillus anthracis
staphylococcus equi
all of the above
streptococcus equi
17
what is the best way to record the result 0.001 mililiter?
deciliter
monoliter
microliter
heptaliter
18
how often does a microscope need calibrated?
every month for service life of instrument
once for service life of instrument
Every 12 months for service life of instrument
Every 6 months for service life of instrument
19
which of the following distinguishes between regenerative and nonregenerative anemia?
IMHA response
bone marrow response
RBC response
tissue response
20
which of the following is frequently seen in horses w/ exertional rhabdomyolysis?
proteinuria
globinuria
myoglobin
myoglobinuria
21
if a tourniquet placed on patients forelimb is left there how will it affect the sample?
the platelet count may be decreased in the blood sample
the platelet count will be unaffected in the blood sample
the platelet count may be elevated in the blood sample
the patient will have edema in lower leg for the next few hr
22
which cell type activates phagocytes by releasing interferon-y?
all of the above
t lymphocytes
b lymphocytes
natural killers
23
sensitivity test used to determine appropriate concentration of medication for patient
insensitivity test
direct sensitivity test
indirect sensitivity test
subdirect senstivity test
24
which body system collects and eliminates waste from the body?
lymphatic
kidney
glomerulus
urinary
25
if milkreagent mixin california mastitis testmakes distinct precipitate butno gel formrecord as
positive
negative
weak positive
weak negative
26
which organisms require living cells in which to grow and replicate?
fungus
yeast
viruses
bacteria
27
list the correct order of maturation of granuloctyes from most immature to mature
myeloblast, band cell promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte
meyloblast, promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte, band cell
promyelocyte, myelocyte, band cell, metamyelocyte myeloblast
promyelocyte metamyelocyte, band cell, myeloblast myelocyte
28
what type of tumor is a melanoma?
round cell tumor
benign
epithelial cell tumor
malignant
29
wha can be adjustedto help visualizean object on microscope b/c of the bright light from source
phase contrast
stage micrometer
diaphragm
lens
30
which staining procedure requires the sample to be in diluted stain for 20-30 mins?
romanowsky
no stain requires that long of time
giemsa stain
new methylene blue
31
cells on blood smear appear small fragmented sections of erythrocytes, what is this called?
Monocytes
Plasma
Schistocytes
Anisocytes
32
what are pinpoint hemorrhages?
retechia
redicula
petechia
corpus hemorrhagicum
33
which test is used to determine if an animal needs to be revaccinated?
antibody titers
elisa test
titers
revaccination snap test
34
type of enzyme analyzer uses electrodes that are designed to allow interaction w/only 1 ion
potentiometer
refractometer
reflectometer
potassium ion analyzer
35
which would be considered a normal urine output for adult dogs and cats?
15-30 mL/kg body weight
20-30 mL/kg body weight
10-20 mL/kg body weight
20-40 mL/kg body weight
36
which of the following could be reason for a false-positive intradermal skin test reaction?
allergy meds
acetaminophen
narcotic drugs
diphenhydramine
37
which of the following produces anitibodies?
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
lymphocytes
all of the above
38
what type of erythrocyte morphology is present with diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?
keryocytes
megakaryocytes
keratocytes
keartinocytes
39
in young animals which enzyme comes from osteoblasts and chondroblasts in developing bone
AL
AT
AS
AP
40
which stain works well for staining the cytoplasm of the cells?
new methylene blue
romanowsky
dimethyl sulfoxide
all of the above
41
which method of amylase testing is not recommended in canine samples?
saccharogenic
amylase test
amylase urine test
USG/amylase
42
med destroysplatelets bad andimprovement notevident until regplatelets released frm bone marrow
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
carprofen
diphenhydramine
43
what is 37 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?
95.6
98.9
96.8
98.6
44
a patient with liver damage would likely have an increase in which of the following?
bilirubin
urobilinogen
conjugated bilirubin
urobilin
45
the majority of blood chemistry analyzers require which type of sample for analysis?
serum
plasma
blood
cytology
46
in which animal would it be normalto have a large amount of calcium carbonate crystals in urine
dog
camel
cat
rabbit
47
most likely source of sample that contains evidence of yeast squamous epi cellsand malassezia
vaginal
ears
throat
nose
48
what is another name for hemophilia B?
Eve's disease
Addison's disease
Christmas disease
New Year's disease
49
what characteristic can be used to describe the texture of a bacteria colony?
mucoid
fibrous
mucous
mucus
50
in which stage is virus isolation most successful?
early in active infectious phase
Stage IV
Stage III
stage VI
51
in a free catch sample, what type of cells most likely will contaminate it?
epithelial
WBCs
RBCs
all of the above
52
a candle jar creates which of the following environments?
rich in oxygen
rich in both oxygen and carbon dioxide
rich in nitrogen
rich in carbon dioxide
53
which term identifies the process of the production of blood cells and platelets?
plateletpoiesis
hematopoiesis
thrombopoiesis
hepatopoiesis
54
which of the following would be correct to ensure proper fixing of a biopsy specimen
sliced to 2cm or less and placed in formalin
sliced to 1 cm or less and placed in formaldehyde
sliced to 1 cm or less and placed in formalin
sliced to 2 cm or less and placed in formaldehyde
55
levels of which of the following are functions of the total muscle mass of an animal
creatinine
protein
cholesterol
lipid
56
best method to make slide w/viscous sample collected via fine needle aspirate?
imprint smear
line smear
punch
starfish smear
57
cytology slide has over 85%neutrophils present, how would it be categorized?
suppurative
infection present
WBCs high
supportive
58
which test would be run to assess intestinal malassimilation?
D-Xylose absorption test
amylase production test
Vitamin D absorption test
absorption test
59
type of sample collection that relies on shearing&capillary action to obtain the sample?
scraping
nonaspirate
biopsy
aspirate
60
when plasmin and tissue plasminogen act on fibrin, the products are which of the following?
fibrinolysis
fibrin degradation
fibrin degradation products and D-dimers
D-dimers
61
what number of platelets is considered average in a healthy patient?
7-10 per hpf
5-10 per hpf
5-7 per hpf
3-5 per hpf
62
automated hematology analyzers require what type of sample in order to evaluate platelet counts
a tiger top tube collected sample
a freshly collected EDTA-treated blood sample
a RedTop tube collected sample
a sodium citrate collected sample
63
why should a swabbed sample never be rubbed across the slide during prep?
it should be rubbed across slide
not correct technique
cell damage can occur
you must heat it first
64
which bests describes increase in number of immature neutrophils in peripheral blood?
shifting gears
Left-shift
MCHC
MCV
65
Convert 45.6 x 10^-2 to a number
4.56
45.6
0.456
0.4556
66
decreased BUN levels can occur in a blood sample that has set too long w/o refrig due to
bacteria
contamination with urease-producing bacteria
contamination
contamination with bacteria-producing viruses
67
an agglutination reaction showing many lg agglutinates would be designated as which grade
3
4
2
1
68
what is best sampling technique for a lymph node?
biopsy
scrape
fine need aspirate
line
69
Which RBC inclusions are seen in increased #'s after a patient has a spleen removal?
Heinz-Jolly bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies
Reticulocytes
Heinz bodies
70
german shorthaired pointers are known to have which type of von Willebrand disease?
type 3
type 2
type 1
type 4
71
what type of disorder would cells on a blood smear be hypochromic and microcytic?
panleukopenia
anisocytosis
Iron deficiency
Dehydration
72
which of the erythrocyte indices is measured in femtoliters?
mean corpuscular volume
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
erythrocyte volume
73
sample left at room temp for long period of time can develop which of the following?
ammonia-like smell
all of the above
both a and c
bacteria growth
74
the RBCs on a smear have a blue-green appearance, what is most likely wrong with the smear?
excessive green staining
excessive staining
excessive blue staining
excessive drying
75
which Romanowsky stain is buffered to acidic pH and stains basic components of cells?
Blue
Green
Gram
Eosin
76
a group of proteins found in blood that are integral in innate&adaptive immunity systems
none of the above
complement system
immunoassays
coagulation cascade
77
which immune system is divided into 2 components and is responsive to foreign bodies?
Adaptive immune system
Innate immune system
PNS
CNS
78
corynebacterium sp. are described as which of the following?
spirules
all of the above
bacteria
palisades
79
in which bacterial growth phase does spore formation usually occur?
phase II
algorithmic
logarithmic
phase IV
80
animals w/ congenital deficiencies of coag proteins clinical signs appear before what age?
12 months
18 months
6 months
3 months
81
if serum sample has milky appearance what would you report as the finding for this sample?
red tinge
lipemic
icteric
sodium
82
most common reason for the inability to diagnose a disease involving microorganisms?
unknown factor
contamination of the sample
contamination
bacterial growth
83
only trace amounts foundn healthy urine when measured by the sulfosalicylic acid turbidity test
lipase
protein
bilirubin
RBCs
84
what type of objective lens is best for vet labs?
chromatic
achromatic
polychromatic
resolution
85
result of glomerular filtration&tubular resorption reaching threshold & excess passed in urine
proteinuria
hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria
glucosuria
86
what type of objective lens is best for most vet hospitals?
Polychromatic
achromatic
monocular lenses
binocular lenses
87
what should you advise an owner about an animal being placed on long term anti-inflammatories
they are chemicals and need handled carefully
regular blood work is needed to ensure health of liver
they have a high abuse potential
they cause heart problems
88
type ofcoag analyzer usesdisposable cartridgesw/coated membrane&measures ahesion of platelets
adhesion analyzer
reaction analyzer
platelet analyzer
platelet function analyzer
89
which staining procedure is slide held over flame until dimethyl sulfoxide stain steams?
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Giemsa Stain
both a and b
new methylene blue stain
90
what electrolye is elevated as a result of hemolysis?
calcium
all of the above
phosphorus
potassium
91
which test results will not be affected if blood sample collected postprandially
BUN
USG
creatinine
TP
92
what is an insoluble molecule that results form breakdown of hemoglobin in the spleen?
bilirubin
urobilin
bilirubinesterase
urobilinogen
93
the result of a tuberculin skin test should be read how long after the injection?
72 hrs
12 hrs
24 hrs
48 hrs
94
what could be present in urine of cat thought to have a bile duct obstruction?
bilirubin
urobilinogen
RBCs
WBCs
95
which coag test israrely usedand requires syringe stopwatch&three 10x75mm tubes rinsed w/ salin
arterial blood clotting time
buccal mucosa bleeding time
whole blood clotting time
peripheral blood clotting time
96
Which centrifuge has holesand runs at high speed w/o causing heatthat could damage the specimen
Fixed angle centrifuge
Conical plate centrifuge
Angled head centrifuge
Fixed rotor centrifuge
97
type of culture medium contains antibacterial substances inhibit/kill all but few desired types
undesirable
all of the above
general
selective
98
An image is viewed through the microscope in which of the following ways?
Upside right and reversed
Upside down and reversed
reversed
backwards and upside right
99
which body organ produces mature T lymphocytes?
liver
lung
thymus
thalamus
100
what is the concentration of a solution of 60-mg/dL diluted to 1:5?
18 mg/dL
12 mg/dL
24 mg/dL
6 mg/dL
101
abdominocentesis samplehas yellowish tingeto supernatant and fewRBCson sedimentation conclusion
hemorrhaging 1 day prior
hemorrhaging at least 2 days prior
collection error
petechia
102
which of the following erythrocyte indices measure weight of hemoglobin in average erythrocyte?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MVHC
MCHC
mean corpuscular volume
103
what is the term for the measure of the % of platelets that are larger than normal platelets
platelet-humongous cell ratio
platelet-large cell ratio
platelet-giant cell ratio
mean platelet volume
104
what is another term for hematocrit?
Packed Cell Volume
Pacman cell volume
hematocrit test tube
total protein
105
cholesterol is produced in which ways?
formed in the liver
ingested in foods
both a and b
found in proteins
106
how do you preserve sample of suspected parainfluenza for 48 hours time to testing lab
freeze for 24 hours ship in airtight container on dry ice
freeze to -20 degreesC in airtight container ship on dry ice
freeze to -20 degreesF in airtight container ship on dry ice
send immediately on dry ice
107
a 2y/o cat is brought after being locked in shed for 2 days, what would be expected
pollakiuria
polyuria
anuria
oliguria
108
best sample to collect from dog w/ lesion on right front shoulder to check for bacterial infecn
biopsy
smear
line
imprint
109
dog presents w/vomiting for2days after eating pork rib bones wat will beseen on blood chemistry
increased amylase
decreased amylase
decreased sodium
increased lipase
110
which type of culture medium allows bacteria to group by biochemical reactions
nitrogen rich
oxygen rich
differential
disposable
111
which of the erythrocyte indices is reported in grams per deciliter?
mean corpuscular concentration
all of the above
mean corpuscular volume
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
112
type of culture medium used to replicate a known fastidious pathogen
ingrained
nondifferential
differential
enriched
113
shetland sheepdogs are known to have which type of von Willebrand disease?
Type 2
Type 4
Type 3
Type 1
114
what type of erythrocyte morphology would u see with DIC?
erythrocytes
schistocytes
anisocytes
microcytes
115
type of tumor shows signs of being highly cellular&will come off in clumps or sheets
malignant tumor
mesothelial cell tumor
epithelial cell tumor
benign tumor
116
process that requires platelets,a # of coag factors, and complex reaction pathways
homeostasis
hemostasis
platelet cascade
coagulation cascade
117
what is the most common circulating immunoglobulin
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
118
what type of vacutainer should be used to collect a sample for an immunoassay test
lavender top
tiger-top
green top
red-top
119
the most commonly used temp measurement in the vet lab is which scale?
Celsius
All of the above
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
120
a sample is icteric what would be an expected effect on results for this sample
indisolvable solutes
yellowing
calcium ion increased
spectral interference
121
a patient that has been on long-term corticosteroid therapy should have what blood test ran?
cortisol level
USG
BUN
BUN/creatinine
122
what is the primary function of neutrophils
they have many functions
phagocytosis
macrocytosis
defense
123
part of microscope made of # of leaves open or close that control amt of light illuminate objec
Phase contrast
Stage micrometer
Substage condenser
Aperture diaphragm
124
what enzyme may be elevated after extreme exercise that is attached to mitochondrial membrane?
both a and b
ALT
albumin
AST
125
which sampling tech collects many cells especially in lesions that are firm and yield few cells
scraping
line
imprint
starfish
126
results of the following assays could be 1st indicator that there is a protein abnormality?
albumin
globulin
albumin/globulin ratio
both a and b
127
the common lymphoid progenitor product of the pluripotential stem cell develop into which cells
progenitor cells
lumphocytes
neutrophils
monocytes
128
sample technique that is done only when all other techniques cannot be completed?
punch
biopsy
smear
swabbing
129
the respiratory and renal system work to regulate which of the following?
fluid intake
acid-base balance
homeostasis
oxygen regulation
130
normal value for total nucleated cell count in peritoneal and pleural fluids?
greater than 15,000 nucleated cells/ul
greater than 10,000 nucleated cells/ul
all of the above
less than 10,000 nucleated cells/ul
131
what is the most common acquired coagulation disorder in domestic animals?
Christmas disease
Addison's disease
erythrocytopenia
thrombocytopenia
132
what reading can be obtained from a urine sample quickly using a refractometer?
WBC average
Total Protein
Specific Gravity
Reticulocyte Count
133
which capability is importantwhen choosing a digital microscope that refers to degree of detail
Refraction
Visibility
Lens power
Resolution
134
organisms that require high levels of carbon dioxide are classified as which of the following?
hydrophilic
apoptosis
apoxia
capnophilic
135
most common method for concentrating CNS fluid sample w/ low cell count is?
gravitation sedimentation
time
centrifugation
all of the above
136
if an animal presents appearing to by hypoxic, which of the following levels would be increased
glucose
lactate
lactose
lactulose
137
which organisms reproduce through a budding process?
yeast
viruses
fungus
bacteria
138
which type of anticoag prevents clottingby converting prothrombin to thrombin during clotting
sodium nitrate
heparin
sodium citrate
EDTA
139
device that can impose the image of a net, scale, or crosshairs over viewing area of microscope
Ocular micrometer
stage micrometer
Binocular micrometer
aperture micrometer
140
what is the best method to determine bile acid levels?
protein method
bilirubin
enzymatic method
urobilin
141
a serum sample that has a red tinge to it would be which of the following?
hemolycised
icteric
hemolyzed
hemolysisisiszed
142
specific gravity is a measure of what in the urine?
dissolved solutes
both a and c
total protein
solvents
143
what is usually the result of the antigen-antibody reaction when noncompatible blood is given
agglutination of platelets
all of the above
agglutination of WBC
agglutination of RBC
144
substance is generatedin 1st phase of coagthat recruits&activates platelet&inhibit fibrinolysis
erythrocytes
erythropoietin
thrombin
thrombocytes
145
when staining cytology slide which step will ensure the highest quality slide prep?
fixing in 94% formalin
fixing in 95% methanol
fixing in 80%alcohol
fixing in 80%methanol
146
which type of WBCs major function is to modulate the immune system?
lymphocyte
monocyte
eosinophil
neutrophil
147
hives&angioedema are triggered when what type of cell releases histamine-containing granules
monocyte
lymphocyte
echinocyte
basophil
148
Which of the following shipments would be considered Category B infectious material?
Sample with possible toxoplasmosis
Blood specimen for feline heart worm evaluation
Biopsy from a chemotherapy patient
A culture containing Bacillus anthracis
149
what type of cells make up 20% of the islets of Langerhans secreting glucagon&somatostatin
beta cells
renal cells
delta cells
alpha cells
150
which typeof coagulation analyzer uses wiresthat move back and forth thru sample to detect clot
thrombocyte meter
coagulator
femtoliter
fibrometer
151
what is the best speed and time to centrifuge a sample?
1500 g for 15 min
2500 g for 10 mins
2500 g for 20 mins
2500 g for 15 mins
152
which organ is the primary source of amylase production?
liver
intestines
pancreas
kidney
153
biopsy technique that takes little time and requires local anesthetic plus 1-2 sutures after?
punch
imprint
biopsy
scraping
154
which test measures the erythrocyte's ability to withstand hemolysis?
erythrocyte fragility
erythrocyte god complex
erythrocyte steel mode go!
erythrocyte osmotic fragility
155
which is best test to detect immune-mediated hemolytic disease?
coombs test
hemolytic test
comb test
cooooombs test
156
which of the following is true regarding acquired coagulation disorders?
can result from inheritance
can result from excess production of platelets
can result from destructionordecreased productionof platelet
none of the above
157
which is generally the 1st coagulation test run if vitamin K deficiency is suspected?
BMBT
prothrombin time
buccal test
thrombosis time
158
in which case is a bone marrow evaluation contraindicated?
homeostatic defects
pregnant animals
hemostatic defects
anemia
159
what is evaluated at each site of a transdermal allergy test?
edema
wheals
echthema
erythema
160
an erythrocyte abnormality confused with hypochromasia but caused by improper slide prep
torocyte
excessive rinsing
excessive staining
borocyte
161
type of sample, other than gram stain prep should be gently treated w/ heat prior to staining
thoracic
ear
biopsy
nose
162
which test requires synovial fluid in order to run the test?
buccal mucosa bleeding time
mucin clot test
fibrinogen test
mucus clot test
163
term for ratio or percent of weight for hemoglobin to volume in which it is contained
HCT
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCVH
mean corpuscular volume
164
if a vet asks you for a Jamshidi needle what type of procedure will be done?
fine needle aspirate
bone marrow aspirate
abscess aspirate
soft tissue aspirate
165
tuberculin skin test is injected transdermally&placed in which location on a nonhuman primate
cervical region
abdomen
lumbar region
thoracic region
166
in which species is the TSH response test contraindicated?
neonates
dogs
cats
horses
167
a serum sample has a yellow appearance, what is this called?
icteric
hemolyzed
none of the above
lipemic
168
what is the term for the pigments that give urine color?
urochromes
melanocytes
urinarychromes
melanin
169
which direction would one direct the needle in the caudal abdomen for a cystocentesis?
cranialcaudally
dorsocaudally
dorsoventrally
distalcranial
170
fluid sample collected directly from abdomen would be considered what?
abdominalcentesis
paracentesis
cystocentesis
all of the above
171
a dog with Addison's disease would have which of the following?
hyperadrenocorticism
hyleradrenocorticism
hyloadrenocorticism
hypoadrenocorticism
172
electrochemistry and what other technology determines analyte concentrations in reference lab
ion-selective electrode
ion electrode
non-selective electrode
both a and b
173
which part of the kidney is the most functional portion?
loops of Henle
nephron
renal tubules
glomerulus
174
a urine sample has a strong fruity smell, what could be the reason?
diabetes insipidus
type II diabetes
both a and b
diabetes mellitus
175
what type of test is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of Cushing's?
low-dosage dexamethasone suppression test
Cushing's snap test
dexamethasone suppression test
high-dosage dexamethasone suppression test
176
type of hemolysis creates narrow bank greenish discoloration around colony when grown on agar
alpha
beta
gamma
delta
177
what is an acceptable number of RBCsin a normal urine sample sediment?
2-3 RBCs per hpf
4-6 RBCs per hpf
5-7 RBCs per hpf
2-5 RBCs per hpf
178
how do you collect a quantitative urine sample on a dog
catheterization for 24 hrs
cystocentesis every 12 hours for 24 h ours
free catch sample for 24 hours
catheterization for 12 hrs
179
which tests are the only readily available tests for enzymes released from damaged liver cells?
AST
ALT function test
ALT and AST
ALT
180
what type of cell will have small dark blue spots in cytoplasm wen stained with new meth blue
regular reticulocyte
punctated reticulocyte
punctuate reticulocyte
punctate reticulocyte
181
type of cells line body cavities&may become reactive if excess fluid is in body cavities
mesothelial
transitional
epithelial
epithelial
182
how often should inoculating loop be flamed during quadrant streaking method?
only once as a complete pass by
at the beginning
at beginning, between each quadrant and at end
at the beginning and the end
183
a hematology analyzer using differential centrifuge and stain to provide est. of cell elements
buffy coat centrifuger
buffy coat analyzer
quantitative buffy coat
buffy coat
184
which of the following may accelerate enzyme activity?
decreased acitivity
increased activity
low temps
high temps
185
bone marrow samples shouldnt be evaluated w/o which other info from peripheral blood film?
Retic count
BUN
RBC count
WBC count
186
what is a normal meyloid-to-erythroid ration on a bone marrow smear?
0.8-1.0
1.5-2.0
0.5-1.0
0.1-1.0
187
which electrolyte measurement procedure uses the aqueous phase and gives most accurate results?
indirect potentiometry
potassium fx test
direct potentiometry
all of the above
188
lysosomal storage disordercauses lg fused lysosomes mayhave slighteffect b/cabnormal plateletfx
SUSHI
chediak-higashi syndrome
hiroshi-hamashi syndrome
panleukopenia
189
which test identifies the RNA of viruses?
transverse polymerase chain reaction
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction
190
what percentage of kidney tissue must be damaged before the blood creatinine levelsare affected
50%
80%
60%
75%
191
type of fluid has increased cellularity&increased protein concentration b/c of inflammation
viscous
inudate
exudate
fluiditis
192
erythrocyte abnormality in immune-mediated disorders when antibody coats the cell
hyperchromasia
anisocytosis
erythrocytosis
auto-agglutination
193
what style of centrifuge can damage the specimen because of heat build up from excess speed?
Vertical head centrifuge
Angle rotor centrifuge
Horizontal head centrifuge
Angle head centrifuge
194
which blood chemistry results would be the primary indicators of renal probs in dogs
BUN
RBCs in urine sample
BUN and creatine
BUN and creatinine
195
the urinary system consists of which of the following
bladder
2 kidnesy 1 urethra 1 urinary bladder
kidneys
2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 urethra 1 urinary bladder
196
what type of RBC may be seen in a urine sample that is concentrated?
crenator
cremated
crenated
lysed
197
what is the sink in a veterinary lab best used for?
All of the above
To stain specimens
To discard fluids
To drain fluids
198
which is not a reliable method to diagnose a dermatophyte infection?
none of the above
wood's lamp
microscopic evaluation
skin scraping
199
which by-product of bilirubin is excreted from the body in feces?
bilirubin
all of the above
urobilinogen
urobilin
200
which item below should be included in every lab?
Refractometer
Microscope
Water bath
Centrifuge
201
pain heat redness swelling&loss of use are signs of what
clotting disorder
inflamed
inflammation
infection
202
which abnormality in erythrocytes is caused by insufficient hemoglobin in the cell?
hyperchromasia
hyperchromia
hypochromasia
hypochromia
203
which sampling technique is best to prepare slides for a large soft mass
imprint
saroubal
line
punch
204
bone marrow aspirate shows fibrin exudates but no neutrophils or macros what type of condition?
fibrinous
tendonous
fribrin disorder
production disorder
205
for amylase activity test to meanpancreatitis the results need2b how muchgreater than ref range
3 times
2 times
4 times
5 times
206
which method of determining specific gravity is the most reliable and reproducible?
refractometer
reflectometer
winking (gracen XD)
urine specific gravity
207
which type of crystal is often described as looking like a coffin lid?
both a and b
struvite
struvite
calcium oxalate
208
which stage of estrus has a high #of erythrocytes&basal&parabasal epithelial cells?
merestrus
diestrus
metestrus
proestrus
209
what type of variable is it when info is missing from the paperwork sent to the reference lab
biologic
postanalytic
nonbiologic
preanalytic
210
which test is best used to detect bilirubin?
elisa
urobilinogen
ictotest
reagent test strips
211
which of the following would be the best determinants of high quality internet site?
site quotes experts in the field
site has many recommendations
Unbiased and staffed by recognized experts in the field
site is biased towards the opinions of the writer
212
how should cytology samples be submitted to a reference lab for analysis?
stained slides, air-dried slides, serum tube and EDTA tube
stained slides air-dried slides and serum tube
stained slides and air-dried slides
serum tube and edta tube
213
which kidney fx test should not be run if patient is dehydrated or has azotemia?
total protein
water deprivation test
conjugated bilirubin
USG
214
which type sample of plasma can result in a false increase in total protein reading?
Hemolyzed
Icteric
all of the above
Lipemic
215
rodshaped red cells in long strands on gram stained slide would be categorized as?
gram-pos rods
gram-pos cones
gram-neg rods
gram-neg cones
216
which term refers to the constant and continual production of RBCs?
monopoiesis
erythropoiesis
leukopoiesis
hematopoiesis
217
what classification describes larger than normal erythrocytes?
megkaryocytes
macrocytosis
macrocytic
erythrocytosis
218
a dog that has ingested antifreeze will have what kind of crystals in its urine?
nitrogen oxalate
calcium oxalate
calcium carbonate
nitrogen carbonate
219
which erythrocyte disorder will not disperse when a drop of saline is added?
Auto-agglutination
Schistocytosis
Echinocytosis
agglutination
220
which of the following is the fluid portion of blood?
plasma
sediment
buffy coat
cells
221
if suspected salmonella infection which agar to differentiate and identify this bacterium?
triple sugar agar
Mueller-Hinton agar
triple sugar iron agar
triple iron agar
222
what is the main difference in the sample prep between plasma sample and a serum sample?
heparin
albumin
fibrinology
clotting
223
what type of variable is it if the error is traced back to lack of care on instrument?
Postanalytic Variable
Analytic variable
Preanalytic variable
Biologic Variable
224
what is the best pipette to move a noncritical amount of fluid from one tube to another?
pasteur pipette
transfer pipette
graduated pipette
micro pipette
225
condition when nephrons have reached maximum limit for resorption
both a and b
nephritis
glomerular filtration rate
renal threshold
226
which is best method to collect a cough sample from a fractious cat?
transtracheal wash
sedation
orotracheal wash
orotracheal transtracheal wash
227
which bacterial species are used as a positive control for the oxidase activity test?
staphylococcus
viruses
any bacteria
pseudomonas
228
what size needle&syringe should be used for fine needle aspirate of lymph node on a cat?
25-guage needle w/5-ml syringe
25-gauge needle w/ 10-ml syringe
15-gauge needle w/ 5-ml syringe
15-gauge needle w/ 10-ml syringe
229
which agar would be used to isolate the organism staphylococcus aureus infection?
triple sugar iron agar
mueller-hinton agar
both a and b
mannitol salt agar
230
how far apart should the injection sites be placed in a transdermal skin test?
2 cm
2mm
0.2 mm
0.2 cm
231
what is the only way to correctly identify the composition of a urolith?
scrape and make a smear
send to a reference lab
make an educated guess
examine under microscope
232
what test is used to confirm lg amts of protein in urine and uses supernatant to eval them
urine protein/creatinine ratio
creatinine
BUN
bilirubin
233
which cytokine is largely responsible for the production of platelets
megaladonopoietin
thrombopoietin
erythropoietin
thrombocytopenia
234
cytology slide shows cells w/high nucleus2cytoplasm ratio, how is this categorized?
benign
macrocytosis
insufficient
malignant
235
immunoglobulin leads to immediate hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylactic shock
IgE
IgG
IgA
IgD
236
which of the following classifications of anemia would casue hypoadrenocorticism?
reproduction disorder
prediction disorder
all of the above
production disorder
237
which of the following best dexcribes streptococcus pneumoniae?
consult of cocci
family of cocci
paired cocci
single cocci
238
which are the most commonly performed plasma protein assays in vet med?
total protein, albumin, fibrinogen, plasma
albumin, fibrinogen
total protein, albumin
total protein, albumin, fibrinogen
239
what type of water bath doesn't require racks and takes little maintenance
Shaking water bath
Heated bead
Waterless bead
Circulating water bath
240
what immunoasssay test could be conducted to determine ovulation timing in a bitch?
slow immunomigration
rapid immunomigration
ovulation migration
ovulation test
241
what would be expected result of blood chemistry of a dog with an intestinal blockage?
increased icteric
increased amylase
decreased amylase
increased liapase
242
which test detects the presence of inappropriate antibodies that affect the body's own tissues?
coombs test
none of the above
bmbt
antibody titer
243
what type of immunoassay test would be run to test large production pig farm for pseudorabies
snap test
skin scraping
ELISA
BMBT
244
a sample was diluted using 1:10, what must be done to the result to give correct value?
multiplied by 100
Multiplied by 10
Added by 10
Added by 100
245
How much fluid should a sample yield from a 10-mL sample in a well hydrated animal?
5 mL
3 mL
8 mL
10 mL
246
what is another term for increased BUN concentration?
deydration
mesotemia
blood urea nitrogen concentration
azotemia
247
hypersensitivity disorder where antibodies bind to erythrocyte surface&undergo opsonization
type I
type II
type III
type IV
248
structures onouter surfaceofanimal erythrocytes may react w/ antibodies in plasma of dif animal
WBCs
blood group antigens
antigens
antisera
249
which cleaning solvent can be used to remove oil but also will dissolve the adhesives to lenses
Xylene
Ethylene glycol
Lens paper
Distilled water
250
which species has ovalshaped erythrocytes hemoglobin dispersed thru/o w/ central area of pallor
Equine
Bovine
Camelid
Ovine
251
the cell that is functionally equivalent to the neutrophil for avian and reptiles
eosinophil
heterophil
basophil
monocyte
252
elliptical or elongated RBCs are normal in what species?
reptile
avian
equine
camelid
253
processwhen chemicalsreleased frominfected site&blood vesselsallow neutrophils in2kill bacteria
neutrophilia
neutropenia
echinosis
phagocytosis
254
what type of sample can a colony count help with the diagnosis of infection?
blood
serum
plasma
urine
255
which is a structure thru which urine passes from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
urethra
ureters
kidneys
glomerulus
256
ability to differentiate b/t antigen receptors for foreign antigens and bodys own antigen cell
differential acceptance ability
immunologic degredation
immunologic tolerance
immunologic acceptance
257
bone marrow eval shows 75% nucleated and 25% adipocytes, which animal would u expect from this?
juvenile
adult
feline
mature
258
a positive result in motility media would appear as which of the following?
abundant growth throughout media
diffuse growth throughout media
no growth throughout media
bacterial growth throughout media
259
which dz is reported in high frequency in Dobermans as well as rabbits and swine?
von hildebrand dz
von Willebrand dz
thrombosin dz
petechia
260
significant hypoproteinemia in animal is most likely caused by sufficient loss of what
function
albumin
WBCs
RBCs
261
which WBCs increase in numbers in patients with allergic reactions or parasitic infections?
reticulocytes
lymphocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
262
an error was traced back to the sample for being hemolyzed what variable error is this?
postanalytic variable
nonbiologic variable
Biologic variable
Preanalytic variable
263
which of the following plasma protein assay components is not found in serum?
plasma
potassium
albumin
fibrinogen
264
which agar is most commonly found in dermatophyte tests in vet clinics?
dimethyl-oxide agar
Mueller-Hinton agar
both a and b
sabouraud dextrose agar
265
many small agglutinates and some free cells would be designated as which grade?
2
4
1
3
266
what type of cast might be seen in the urine of dog with diabetes mellitus?
fatty
fatty
all of the above
fatty
267
which is the major cation of plasma and the extracellular fluid?
potassium
ion
sodium
calcium
268
what is the most common immunoassay test used in veterinary medicine?
elisa
snap
eliza
bmbt
269
what type of microscope is essential lab equipment for a vet clinic?
electron microscope
compound light
Digital microscope
handheld microscope
270
rabbits urine usually has what degree of transparency?
icteric
milky
lipemic
clear
271
what type of preparation is a Tzanch preparation?
punch
line
smear
imprint
272
what is the term for the percentage of whole blood that is composed of erythrocytes?
Packed Cell Volume
Hematocrit
total protein
Pack Cell Volume
273
in which species is even trace amt of bilirubin in urine considered abnormal and sign of diseas
felines
avians
canines
equines
274
what cell do erythrocytes, leukoctyes, and platelets originate from?
pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
pluripotent stem cell
pluripotential stem cell
pluripotent erythropoietic stem cell
275
how many major blood groups have been identified in horses?
10
5
8
30
276
which of the following aid in fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels?
creatinine
amylase
liapase
bile acids
277
which is the agar of choice whenperforming culture and sensitivity tests?
Mueller-Hinton agar
Hinton agar
Mueller agar
ELISA
278
which would be an expected finding in a patient with suspected congenital portosystemic shunt
elevated albumin
decreased CSF
elevated serum bile acids
elevated amylase
279
what is the primary stain used in the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique?
all of the above
Giemsa
Dimethyl sulfoxide
new methylene blue
280
the activation of which of the following results in the generation of lg quantities of thrombin
factor y
platelets
factor x
factor xy
281
which organ stores bile acids and releases bile acids after a meal?
gallbladder
liver
spleen
kidney
282
if vet needs to test for liver damage in goat, which would be most useful test?
GLDH
GHDL
GSDH
there is not one
283
when a blood vessel ruptures what will be attracted to its surface?
fribrin
platelets
WBCs
RBCs
284
in which species is bile acid testing not a sensitive indicator of disease?
birds
horses
cows
camels
285
bodys ability to maintain integrity of blood and vessels is referred to as what
hemostasis
hematostasis
homeostasis
hermostasis
286
best slide prep for fluid specimen sample that has low cellular concentration?
viscous
punch
imprint
line smear
287
what type of sample should be submitted to use DNA testing for bird sexing?
plasma
serum
biopsy
blood
288
a lipemic sample is an example of what kind of variable?
Analytic Variable
Biologic variable
Nonbiologic variable
Preanalytic Variable
289
accidental ingestion of toxoplasmosis is example of biosafety level?
III
I
IV
II
290
an object being viewed with the 10x lens and the 100x objective makes the object what mag?
100
1000
10000
100000
291
fluid from what may include lymphocytes plasma cells WBCs neoplastic cells and bacteria?
intestines
lymph node
gallbladder
kidney
292
which term indicates a decreased number of all blood cell types?
panmonopenia
pancytopenia
panleukopenia
panneutropenia
293
which is the most common type of cast found in animal urine?
granular
calcium oxalate
agranular
struvite
294
what documents given by manufacturers of hazardous materials must be available at every vet
Material Safety Data Sheets
OSHA requirements
Material Quantitative Data Sheets
Warning labels
295
which of the following is largely responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma?
fibrinogen
both a and c
albumin
amylase
296
4 times below normal fx will be be seen in which of the following thru BUN or creatinine level?
sodium potassium pump
glomerular filtration rate
kidney
renal tubule fx
297
an increase in amount of platelets circulating in peripheral blood is referred to as which term
erythropoietin
thrombopoietin
thrombocytosis
erythrocytosis
298
which is the culture medium used for most sensitivity testing?
Mueller-Hinton
dimethyl oxide
giemsa
Mueller
299
which type of smear allows for 3 different areas of cell distribution for analysis
exudate
line smear
combination technique
starfish smear
300
term for mathematical average of size of individual platelets counted by the analyzer
mean platelet concentration
mean corpuscular concentration
mean corpuscular volume
mean platelet volume
301
a dog with Cushing's disease would have which of the following?
hyperadrenocorticism
hyperactiveadrenocorticism
hypoadrenocorticism
extra fluffiness
302
which manual blood coag test requires a spring-loaded lancet, blotting paper, and a stopwatch?
fibrinolysis
fibrinalysis
Clotting test
Buccal mucosa bleeding time
303
which ketone is not detected by the reagent test strip?
acetoacetic acid
b-hydroxybutyric acid
urobilinogen
bilirubin
304
RBC production is primarily produced in cells within which organ in the body?
kidney
liver
spleen
lungs
305
a decrease in amount of platelets circulating in peripheral blood is referred to as which term?
thrombocytopenia
thrombosis
panleukopenia
erythrocytopenia
306
basic unit of measurement that is amt of enzyme activity that converts 1 mole substrate per sec
fetal
kacal
kcal
katal
307
medium of choice to grow gram-negative bacteria such as enterobacteriaceae?
Mueller-Hinton agar
MacConkey agar
none of the above
bacteria agar
308
cytology slide shows cells various stages of mitotic activity how would this be categorized?
none of the above
benign
unable to tell, need to send to reference lab
malignant
309
a positive coagulase test will have which indication?
clotting
amylase function
kidney function
prothrombin time
310
What size pipette would you use to transfer 1.6mL of fluid?
1mL
2mL
0.6mL
3mL
311
which type of spectrophotometer detects light that is reflected off test sample?
frefractionmeter
USG
refractometer
reflectometer
312
rodenticide ingestion can lead to coag disorders as a result of which deficiency?
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin K
Vitamin B
313
what test is positive if antisera on erythrocytes reacts resulting in visible agglutination
BMBT
coombs test
coag test
beth test
314
whichterm refersto membranebound cytoplasmic fragments that aid in coag by increas surface area
microparticles
nucleotides
macroparticles
mitochondria
315
if an object is fuzzy and has a halo what can be adjusted to focus and remove the halo?
Substage micrometer
Substage condenser
Aperture diaphragm
Phase contrast
316
what classification of anemia is a severe flea infestation?
parasitic mediated
immune mediated
hemorrhagic
hemolytic
317
which type of vaccine normally causes longer-lasting and more potent immunity?
none of the above
modified live
attenuated
killed