What is a unique characteristic of the Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) among clams?

Presence of hemoglobin in its blood

What is a notable feature of the Blood Ark's biology?

It lacks siphons and filters by gaping at the sediment surface.

What is the name of the lead agency that regulates aquaculture in Rhode Island?RI CRMC

Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council

What is a crucial factor for successful pitting of oysters in off-bottom culture, as per the text?

Maintaining pit below frostlevel or hav temp control to maintain at 35-40oF

Tumbling is a way to:

Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge

What is the primary reason for the increase in Vibrio illnesses?

Warming waters and air temperatures

What is identified as a disadvantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?

Potential conflict with other users

What is the purpose of sorting oysters on a regular basis?

To prevent bigger oysters from outcompeting smaller ones for food

What is a characteristic of soft shell clams (Mya arenaria)?

They dig deep for predator avoidance.

What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?

It allows access to deep water sites

What is listed as an advantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?

Reduced impact from predators and pests

Tumbling is a way to:

Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge

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AQS final

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Questions 200

Answers

1
In 2023, the overall number of individual aquaculture sites in Rhode Island is…………………
104
64
44
84
2
Which oyster species is the host for Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD)?
Saccostrea glomerata
Crassostrea virginica
Ostrea edulis
Crassostrea gigas
3
The first modern aquaculture licenses in RI were awarded in…………….
1960s
1970s
1950s
1980s
4
What is a unique characteristic of the Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) among clams?
Long lifespan of 10-15 years
Presence of hemoglobin in its blood
Preference for rocky substrates
Lack of byssal attachment
5
What type of bacteria are Vibrios?
Naturally occurring
Pollution-related
Sewage-related
Artificially introduced
6
Which factor is most limiting in early nursery systems with small seed?
food and oxygen
Sediment quality
Light
Predation
7
What are the settling cues that are eventually looked for in larval culture?
Drain downs
General health
growth
feet
8
What is a notable feature of the Blood Ark's biology?
It prefers salinities below 15 ppt.
It lacks siphons and filters by gaping at the sediment surface.
It spawns during the winter.
It has a long lifespan of over 10 years.
9
Which of the following is true about fouling on nursery mesh screens?
improves filtration
Increases food flux
helps seed attach
Reduces water flow
10
What material is preferred for settling Oysters?
Eelgrass blades
Calcium carbonate slurry
Hard substrate
Cobble
11
What advantage does continuous algae culture have over batch culture?
Better control
Discontinuous process
Lack of input or output
Non-steady states
12
Which of the following is listed as an advantage of bottom culture for oysters?
Greater control of shell shape
High visual impact
Low capital required
More opposition in permitting
13
Which of the following is NOT listed as a silo construction material?
plastic barrels
fiber glass
copper pipes
wood
14
Shellfish grow by
Eating worms
Grazing on the bacteria which live on sand grains
Filter feeding plankton
Predation of smaller sized shellfish
15
Based on their lifestyle, ribbed mussels are considered:
Burrowers
Semi-infaunal
Epifaunal
Infaunal
16
What component is essential for estimating seed quantity by weight?
Water volume
Average weight per 100 seed
Oxygen concentration
Number of silos
17
What is the typical seed size range handled by a Bottle Upweller (BUPSY)?
500 microns to 5-6 mm
3 mm to 25 mm
175 to 500 microns
2 mm to 15 mm
18
Which of the following is a value-added kelp product mentioned in the presentation?
Dried sushi wrappers
kelp oil
Pickled kelp pearls
Smoothie blocks
19
What is the name of the lead agency that regulates aquaculture in Rhode Island?RI CRMC
Rhode Island Coastal Management Council
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Council
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council
Rhode Island Coastal Resources Manage Council
20
It is recommend to begin growing oysters in either Spring or Winter
False
True
21
What is a crucial factor for successful pitting of oysters in off-bottom culture, as per the text?
Ensuring humidity in the pit is maintained at 50%
Keeping the pit above frost level
Closing the pit tightly to prevent variation in environmental conditions
Maintaining pit below frostlevel or hav temp control to maintain at 35-40oF
22
Tumbling is a way to:
Provide oysters exercise
Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge
Reduce the speed of oyster during swimming
Check oysters for maturity
23
What is the main function of the mesh screen in a silo?
Hold seed above inflow
Prevent algae from entering
Limit water turbulence
Separate species
24
The stocking density of oysters in gear will need to be reduced as oysters grow in size to maintain uniform growth.
True
False
25
What is a disadvantage of using flat oyster bags compared to boxed oyster bags?
Less volume
Time-consuming construction
Less fabrication labor
Lower cost
26
What is recommended for maintaining consistency in product size?
Reducing harvest frequency
Culling and sorting
Offering discounts
Using larger packaging
27
Development of male organs before female to avoid self-fertilization is called:
Protandry
dioecious
hermaphroditism
monoecious
28
What is listed as an advantage of longline oyster cultivation?
Inexpensive
Good shell shape
Ice damage
Low visual impact
29
How many bags are needed if starting with 50,000 oysters of 10-mm size?
200-350 bags
100-175 bags
30-35 bags
3-4 bags
30
What is the primary reason for the increase in Vibrio illnesses?
Poor hygiene
Warming waters and air temperatures
increased shellfish consumption
Lack of education
31
What is the major source of foodborne illness in the US?
Salmonella
E. coli
Listeria
Norovirus
32
When the current pulse (cohort) of larvae settles into a location, this is called:
Recruitment
Settlement
Metamorphosis
spat
33
What is the doubling time of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 90ºF?
10-20 minutes
5-10 minutes
40-60 minutes
15-40 minutes
34
Which factor should be considered first when developing a shellfish nursery?
choosing a silo color
Assessing your needs
Buying the cheapest seed
Measuring salinity
35
What material is commonly used for settling Quahogs, steamer clams, and razor clams?
Hard substrate
Fine thread
cobble
Eelgrass blades
36
Which of these is NOT one of the three countries with centuries-old kelp industries?
south korea
China
Indonesia
Japan
37
Which of these systems can be operated in “prohibited” waters?
In-water nurseries
Hatchery tanks
Sediment trays
Bio-reactors
38
What is identified as a disadvantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?
Fouling enhancing water flow through structures
Potential conflict with other users
Low capital costs for startup
Minimal attention required for maintenance of structures
39
What is the required action if shellfish are exposed for more than 12 hours for fouling control?
Resubmerge for 5 days
No resubmergence needed
Resubmerge for 3 days
Resubmerge for 2 days
40
What is the biggest risk of high stocking density in nursery systems?
Cleaner silos
Less need for grading
More space efficiency
Slower growth and stunting
41
The share of world fisheries and aquaculture by marine water is greater than that by inland waters.
True
False
42
What is the main advantage of field nurseries?
Good water and food flow
Minimal maintenance
No predation risk
Fully controlled temperature
43
What is the purpose of sorting oysters on a regular basis?
To prevent bigger oysters from outcompeting smaller ones for food
To ensure a mix of oyster sizes for better competition
To increase overall oyster density
44
What aspect of shellfish is crucial for a brand?
color
quality
size
Packaging
45
Blue-ringed octopus belongs to the phylum Mollusca
False
True
46
What is a characteristic of soft shell clams (Mya arenaria)?
They dig deep for predator avoidance.
They prefer rocky substrates.
They are a pelagic species.
They are highly mobile.
47
What percentage of Vibrio vulnificus illnesses are fatal?
About 20%
About 2%
About 0.2%
About 90%
48
What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?
It allows access to deep water sites
It is inflexible in gear configuration and species cultured
It requires minimal ground tackle and backbone
It allows access to shallow water sites
49
What is listed as an advantage of off-bottom culture for oyster farming?
Slower growth when elevated off substrate
Lower chance of problems with siltation
Limited use of three-dimensional space
Reduced impact from predators and pests
50
Which culture system uses lantern nets and pearl nets?
Static upweller
Downwellers
Raceway
Suspended field nursery
51
Tumbling is a way to:
Provide oysters exercise
Check oysters for maturity
Help shape the oyster by chipping and rounding the growing edge
52
Aquaculture often utilizes public or common resources
False
True
53
What is the best method to cool shellfish quickly?
Air conditioning
. Refrigeration
Natural cooling
40-45 °F ice slurry dips
54
What is a common practice when using bottom-placed bags for holding market-sized oysters?
Leaving the bags undisturbed
Using smaller bags for better drainage
Storing the bags vertically
Regularly flipping or shaking the bags
55
What is an advantage of suspended oyster culture?
Fouling is less likely to plug up baskets
It allows easy access at the water's surface
It requires shallow water
It is low in capital cost for installation
56
What is the recommended density for free-planting oyster seed per acre?
100-200 oysters/m2
10-20 oysters/m2
1000-2000 oysters/m2
1-2 oysters/m2
57
What is a potential disadvantage of using bottom trays for oyster cultivation?
Heavy and awkward handling when solo
Standard wire mesh sizes
Extra expense of bags
High profile
58
What is a characteristic of continuous algae culture (open systems)?
Steady-state conditions
Lack of input or output
Non-steady or transient states
Discontinuous process
59
In ……………., Rhode Island Oyster Act established means to award oyster aquaculture leases in Rhode Island
2004
1964
1764
1864
60
Aquatic animals and plants are farmed for many purposes including food. say more purposes of aquaculture other thanfood
na
restoration, recreation (fishing), education, pharmaceuticals
na
restoration, recreation (fishing), education, pharmaceuticals
61
Mercenaria mercenaria shells are symmetric while Crassostrea virginica shells are asymmetric
False
True
62
At what temperature does JOD typically occur?
Below 15°C
21–22°C
Constant year-round
Above 30°C
63
What is the species name of oysters cultured in RI?
Crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea gigas
. Mercenaria mercenaria
Ensis directus
64
The FCR of quahog is higher than that of tilapia
True
False
65
Which system is typically used for very small post-set seed (175–500 microns)?
field nursery
lantern net
raceway
downweller
66
What is the type of marketing that involves getting local media attention?
Digital marketing
Guerrilla marketing
Direct marketing
Social media marketing
67
Which of the following challenges mussel farming in Southern New England?
Lack of mussel spat
Strong freshwater inputs
Ocean acidification
High summer water temperatures
68
What is the purpose of the Harvester Education program?
To learn regulations of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program
To teach cooking techniques
To discuss international shellfish trade
To provide a history lesson on shellfish
69
What is the optimal flow rate for a BUPSY system for good bed expansion?
8–10 liters per minute
20–25 liters per minute
5–6 liters per minute
1–2 liters per minute
70
What is identified as a disadvantage of longline oyster cultivation?
Easy to handle
Ice damage
Small visual impact
Durable
71
What is highlighted as a potential bottleneck for surf clam farming?
Difficulty in obtaining suitable growout technology
Low demand in the market
High mortality during the summer in warm water locations
Lack of hatchery availability for seed production
72
Which substrate do Bay Scallops prefer for settling?
eelgrass blades
fine thread
cobble
hard substrate
73
What is listed as a disadvantage of suspended oyster culture?
Requirement of shallow water
Lower capital cost for installation
Utilization of only a portion of the water column
Need for heavy equipment to handle gear
74
Shellfish grow by
Grazing on the bacteria which live on sand grains
Filter feeding plankton
Predation of smaller sized shellfish
Eating worms
75
Which U.S. organization supports kelp farmers with new technology and subsidies?
Marine Aid
Aquaculture Now
NOAA
GreenWave
76
Which vessel shape provided the most effective flow distribution in BUPSY performance tests?
Hourglass cylinder
Straight cylinder
Inclined pipe
Inverted cone
77
What is the most productive method for the growout of surf clams?
Floating rafts
Growout in open water
Subtidal cages
Netted raceways
78
What is the purpose of floats in a kelp farming system?
Keep longlines buoyant
Predator deterrents
Decoration
Increase sedimentation
79
What is the key concern when screens get clogged?
Mesh tearing
Spat escape
High salinity
reduced flow
80
What was the suggested product size for surf clams (Spisula solidissima) marketed for the steamer market?
2 inches
6 inches
4 inches
8 inches
81
What type of anchoring is commonly used at both ends of a kelp farm longline?
Helical screws
Deadweight anchors
Pile anchoring
Sandbags
82
What is a critical advantage of the FLUPSY system?
Minimal food requirements
Good water flow and high food flux
Does not require power
No need for water access
83
Based on their life style, scallops are considered:
Infaunal
Burrowers
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
84
Which of the following is NOT a crustacean?
Shrimp
Lobster
Crab
Squid
85
When should bivalves ideally be tested for disease?
Only when selling to consumers
During transport and times of morbidity
Every winter season
Only when harvesting
86
What must shellfish growers refresh every 2 years?
Their knowledge of regulations
Their marketing strategies
Their cooking skills
Their equipment #randomize
87
Which of the following things need to be removed from quahog netting?
Predators
sAND
mud
seaweed
88
Whats the primary purpose of ensuring a mixture of gametes from a variety of individuals during broodstock conditioning
To improve nutrient energy for ripeness
To reduce the number of broodstock needed
To maintain genetic variability
To increase the number of spawning events
89
What is the typical length of a kelp longline?
500ft
750ft
2000ft
1000ft
90
Which country currently produces the most kelp?
China
South korea
Japan
USA
91
Which type of algae culture can theoretically be operated indefinitely?
Batch culture
Continuous culture
Closed system
Open system
92
What does FLUPSY stand for?
Flexible Uplift Structure
Filtered Lagoon Upflow System
Floating Light Upwelling System
Floating Upweller System
93
Which of the following is listed as a disadvantage of bottom culture for oysters?
Natural fouling control
Lower potential for siltation and algae cover smothering
Less labor after the nursery phase
Higher mortality from predators
94
What is a site selection consideration for using flip bags for oyster farming?
Deep water (>2’ MLW)
Minimal rocks (need to drive posts)
High visibility at high tide
Presence of rocks for post-installation
95
What length are typical mussel farm lines?
100m
200m
300m
400m
96
What is a potential aquaculture strategy to overcome seasonal mussel mortality?
Breed heat-tolerant mussels
Relocate to freshwater farms
Harvest in spring only
Add artificial shading
97
What is highlighted as a potential challenge during the early post-set phase in razor clam nursery operations?
Sediment tray failure
Protozoan ciliate contamination
Hatchery inefficiencies
Substrate type mismatch
98
What company supplies aquaculture ropes and equipment from New Zealand?
Pacific Marine Tech
Ocean Thread Ltd.
ShellFarm Co.
Quality Equipment (QE)
99
Which sign is characteristic of JOD?
Mantle retraction and deep cupping
Gill hypertrophy
Shell thickening
Discoloration of shell
100
What kind of anchor is considered most reliable for aquaculture farms?
Deadweight
Helical screw anchors
Gravity blocks
sandbags
101
What is the main purpose of a nursery system?
Grow small seed to larger size
Kill weak spat
Harvest broodstock
Reduce algae
102
What is the estimated area of the top of a Chinese hat collector used in spat collection?
1000 cm²
750 cm²
900 cm²
1200 cm²
103
Which layout is most commonly used for kelp farming?
Circular drum cages
Zigzag floating pens
rows of longlines oriented into the current
Rectangular net pens
104
What are the "Marketing" criteria for selecting alternative shellfish species?
Available sites and Texture
Growth rate and Seed production
taste and Flavor, Appearance, and Texture
Growth rate and Packing tolerance
105
Which three factors interact to result in disease?
Host age, parasite presence, predation
Growth rate, food type, light exposure
Host susceptibility, agent virulence, environmental conditions
Salinity, pH, sediment type
106
appropriate size range for transferring oysters from the nursery to growout system can be anywhere between 10 mm – 2”
True
False
107
What host does Oyster Herpes Virus (OsHV) primarily infect?
Pacific oysters (C. gigas)
eastern oysters (C. virginica)
Hard clams
soft shell clams
108
The majority of mollusks are marine
False
True
109
What should you do if the quality of your product is off?
Increase marketing efforts
Lower the price
Stop shipping
Change the product name
110
What is the major disadvantage of using a BUPSY system?
Low water flow
High power efficiency
Large system footprint
Seed can be lost easily
111
This type of gear may be used to culture oysters:
Floating bags
Hanging baskets
Rack and bag
112
Why is size grading (sieving) important in shellfish nurseries?
Lowers temperature
Avoids overfeeding
Reduces hatchery workload
Prevents stunted growth
113
What is the recommended target density for clams in a planting bed?
200-300 clams/ft²
50-100 clams/ft²
10-50 clams/ft²
100-200 clams/ft²
114
Why should you purchase seed from multiple hatcheries?
To avoid total loss if one fails
they sell in bulk
. They are all cheap
For more species
115
What species is affected by Dermo disease?
Mercenaria mercenaria
Crassostrea gigas
Mya arenaria
Crassostrea virginica
116
When oyster larvae transform into their adult body shape, this is called:
Settlement
Metamorphosis
spat
Recruitment
117
Which of the following is considered a major upweller advantage?
High food flux and good water flow
Cheap startup cost
No electricity needed
No maintenance
118
Why are double longlines not ideal for exposed offshore environments?
Poor anchoring options
Poor seed collection
Hard to install
Product weight and lack of wave protection
119
What part of a bivalve secretes the calcium carbonate shell?
umbo
foot
siphons
mantle
120
What is the recommended approach regarding the size of oyster seed to start with?
Start with seed collected from the wild
Begin with the smallest seed available
Start with as big seed as you can afford
Begin with seed of any size as long as it's from a hatchery
121
What is emphasized as crucial in softshell clam culture?
Ignoring site selection for better yields
Regular maintenance of nets to prevent sanding over
Planting soft shell clams early in the season
122
The harvesting of naturally occurring living resources from aquatic environments is known as
Farmed Fisheries
. Aquaculture
. Culture Fisheries
Capture Fisheries
123
What is a characteristic of razor clams (Ensis leei)?
They are stationary and do not move much.
They are traditionally harvested for their shells.
They are commonly found in warm water habitats.
they burrow deep and are highly mobile.
124
How can a grower tell if oyster seed is alive upon delivery?
Smell for rot
Shake the bag
Count the shells
Check for tissue or pumping
125
How many cases of Vibrio vulnificus are there annually in the US?
About 156
Non
About 15
About 1,560
126
What is the anchor scope ratio commonly used in mussel farms?
2:1
3:1
1:1
4:1
127
Which nursery system allows for natural feeding using ambient bay water?
field upweller
Silo tower
Bottle upweller
Downweller
128
At what seed size do oysters typically move from hatchery to nursery systems?
2-3mm
1mm
0.25mm
10mm
129
What is a solution recommended for off-bottom oyster farming sites vulnerable to ice during winter?
Move to deeper waters
Installing additional structures
Adding insulation to existing structures
Using larger oyster bags
130
Which of the following is a common method used to spawn bivalves in hatcheries?
Gradual salinity reduction
Light deprivation for 48 hours
thermal cycling or temperature stimulation
Manual shell brushing
131
Which diagnostic method is used for Bacillary Necrosis?
Serology
Gross and microscopic examination, bacterial culture
PCR only
x-ray imaging
132
At what size are quahogs usually planted?
<15mm (>1/2 inch)
<8mm (1/3 inch)
>8mm (1/3 inch)
>15mm (>1/2 inch)
133
Which upweller design provides maximum protection from the elements?
Onshore exposed to weather
Floating without shore power
On a mooring
Onshore within a structure
134
Which one of these statements is NOT TRUE about quahog farming?
The larger the seed the more expensive it is
Nets are unnecessary for keeping predators out
The smaller the seed the greater the mortality
135
Which characteristic is important when selecting broodstock?
Well-formed shell
Largest body size
Intact hinge (for scallops)
Responsive to stimulation
136
What has been a significant challenge regarding soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) farming?
Lack of suitable growout technology
Limited market demand
Political friction between wild harvesters and farmers
Technical difficulties in hatchery production
137
Why are empty lines used every 6 rows in offshore mussel farms?
Easier harvesting
. Prevent cascading failures
Improve algae access
Collect more spat
138
Which shape silo offers better water distribution in upweller systems?
Tapered
hexagonal
triangular
round
139
What are the two growout technologies that have been successful for surf clam cultivation?
Florida soft bags and square mesh "suitcases"
Floating rafts and submersible cages
Plastic trays and bottom cages
Subtidal cages and suspended ropes
140
What type of pathogen causes Dermo disease?
Haplosporidium nelsoni
Mycobacterium spp.
Perkinsus marinus (a protozoan-like dinoflagellate)
Vibrio vulnificus
141
Which method is used to count shellfish seed by dividing and reducing a pile?
Weighing method
Aliquot method
Splitting method
Screening method
142
For seed producers in other than approved water, what is the maximum size for clam seed before it must be put out?
20mm
25mm
10mm
15mm
143
Which part of the Chinese hat collector often collects more spat?
tip
rim
top
underside
144
Sex of oysters can be determined from the shape of the shell
True
False
145
Based on their life style, quahogs are considered:
Swimmers
Infaunal
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
146
Why does kelp farming in the U.S. lag behind Asian countries?
Less cultural integration and industrial development
Limited space
Poor water quality
Cold water temperatures
147
Why is it important to monitor and control aeration in larval rearing tanks?
To ensure even suspension of larvae and oxygenation
To reduce algae consumption
To maintain constant water temperature
To prevent shell hardening too early
148
Based on their life style, geoducks are considered
Swimmers
Infaunal
Epifaunal
Semi-infaunal
149
What is the recommendation regarding mesh size as animals grow?
. Use larger mesh when possible
Avoid mesh altogether
Always use small mesh
Change mesh weekly
150
For seed producers in other than approved water, what is the maximum size for oyster seed before it must be put out?
22mm
52mm
32mm
42mm
151
What is the definition of aquaculture according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)?
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks,
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms like crustaceans, and aqua
152
How often should full cleaning occur in some farm sites?
Every two weeks
Every two months
daily
Once per season
153
A facility that specializes in spawning and larval culture of shellfish is:
Shellfish market
Wholesale dealer
Shellfish hatchery
Shellfish Nursery
154
What pathogen causes Juvenile Oyster Disease?
MSX
Perkinsus marinus
Vibrio vulnificus
Aliiroseovarius crassostreae
155
What internal tissue of a bivalve holds the two valves (shells) together?
umbo
adductor muscle
mantle
foot muscle
156
What is one of the four "S" principles for nursery maintenance?
seeding
shuffling
scratching
scrubbing
157
Oysters will usually only be handled once on an oyster farm.
False
True
158
What is the estimated production of oysters per 3D-COAST LPA (Long-line Planting Apparatus)?
50,000 oysters
100,000 oysters
75,000 oysters
125,000 oysters
159
Based on their lifestyle, oysters are considered:
Semi-infaunal
Epifaunal
Burrowers
Infaunal
160
How often is it recommended to sort oysters?
A couple of times per summer
Annually
Monthly
Once per season
161
How many broodstock individuals are generally recommended per spawning attempt?
10
25
100
50
162
Shellfish grow by
Predation of smaller-sized shellfish
Filter-feeding plankton
Eating worms
Grazing on the bacteria that live on sand grains
163
Which of the following is NOT a mollusk?
Scallop
squid
snail
Crab
164
What advice is given regarding investment in oyster farming during the initial years?
Invest cautiously and avoid risking more than you can afford to lose
Invest heavily to ensure rapid growth
Only invest in technology-dependent systems
Invest primarily in nursery systems for maximum returns
165
Which measurement should you NOT rely on alone when buying seed?
Hatchery’s reported size
Field measurement
Size retention test
Mesh screen rating
166
What was the primary reason for the increased interest in Razor Clam farming in the early 2000s?
A sudden increase in the market value of wild harvest
The establishment of new regulations favoring clam farming
Advancements in growout technology
A decline in wild clam populations
167
In the context of algal culture systems, what is the role of a “carboy”?
It is a container used for small-scale algae culture
It is used to store live bivalves before spawning
It is a filtration unit for shellfish tanks
It is a large tank used for settling larvae
168
Which organization is known for creating kelp-based value-added products in the U.S
Sea Weeds Inc.
Atlantic Sea Farms
Ocean’s Finest
BlueKelp USA
169
Which mussel farming system offers more growing space per acre?
Double Longline
Net Pen
Single Longline
lantern net
170
What should you do if you see someone doing something that might cause an illness or reflect badly on the industry?
Report it
Ignore it
join them
Take over their lease
171
What must be kept separate and not sold prior to the end of a 4-month period?
Adult shellfish
Harvested shellfish
Seed from uncertified waters
Cultured shellfish
172
What is the new strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus called?
O4:K12
O6:K14
O3:K11
O5:K13
173
What pathogen causes Bacillary Necrosis in larval bivalves?
Roseovarius crassostreae
Perkinsus marinus
Vibrio sp.
Haplosporidium nelsoni
174
What diagnostic method is commonly used for JOD?
Culture plates
Gross exam, histology, and PCR
CT scans
Electron microscopy
175
What factor most significantly affects oyster seed growth in a BUPSY system?
Type of algae used
Vessel color
flow rate
salinity
176
What is noted as an advantage of bottom trays for oyster cultivation?
Light and easy handling when solo
Limited product capacity
low profile
Extra expense of bags
177
What is required to be indicated on a Harvester tag?
The water temperature
The start time when the first shellfish breaks the surface
The weight of the shellfish
The type of shellfish
178
What is the recommended stocking density for oysters in bags based on their size
500 oysters/bag for 1-inch (25mm) oysters
150-250 oysters/bag for market-sized (75mm) oysters
10,000-16,000 oysters/bag for ½-inch (12.7mm) oysters
1,000 oysters/bag for 2-inch (50mm) oysters
179
What does “scrubbing” mean in nursery management?
Cleaning fouled screens
Washing tanks weekly
Rinsing algae
Seed brushing
180
Most oyster farms will have multiple-year classes of production on the farm at any given time.
False
True
181
Which of the following best describes a closed algae system (batch culture)?
Steady-state conditions
Continuous input and output of materials
Lack of input or output once inoculated
Continuous flow culture
182
Which country has optimized mussel farming automation with 40 years of experience?
Canada
ireland
New Zeland
USA
183
At what size do most oyster growers typically free-plant oyster seed?
2" to 3"
. 3" to 4"
1½" to 2"
½" to 1"
184
What is a characteristic of surf clams (Spisula solidissima)?
They prefer low energy sand habitats.
They are a small bivalve species.
They are traditionally harvested for the chopped clam market
They are immobile once established.
185
What potential challenge is associated with a thick algae cover at an oyster farming site?
increased water flow
Increased growth rate
Enhanced crop safety
Difficulty in harvesting
186
Why must different sizes of broodstock be conditioned when working with animals that change sex with size?
To account for total fecundity
To ensure both sexes will be present
To improve nutrient energy for ripeness
To maintain genetic variability
187
What is an important factor to consider when analyzing the market size and trend?
The number of potential consumers for the product
The color of the product packaging
The type of music played at the business location
The number of employees in the business
188
What is advised regarding planting densities during the growout stage of razor clams?
Planting densities should be around 500/m2.
Planting densities should exceed 1,000/m2.
Planting densities should be kept below 1,000/m2.
Planting densities are not a significant factor in razor clam cultivation.
189
What material is NOT recommended for silo construction due to fragility or cost?
Sheet plastic
glass
King-Kan trash can
Sewer pipe
190
The final rearing phase in shellfish aquaculture, where shellfish grow to market size, is called:
Hatchery
Nursery
Cultivation
Grow-out
191
What is a key component of the business plan reviewed by lenders?
The cash flow statement
The list of business awards
The employee dress code
The company logo design
192
Why is food flux important in shellfish nurseries?
Maintains salinity
Keeps seed dry
Controls temperature
Ensures metabolic needs are met
193
Which geographic location first identified OsHV-1 in the U.S.?
Narragansett Bay
Rhode Island
Chesapeake Bay
Tomales Bay, California
194
What is the primary food source for the larvae in the culture tank?
Nylon mesh
algae
Settling cues
Filtered seawater
195
Which environmental factors most promote disease in bivalves?
Oxygen levels and light
Water temperature and salinity
pH and sediment
Current and tides
196
What mesh size is typically used to describe oyster bags?
2.5 mm only
4.0 mm
0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mm
1.0 mm
197
Based on their life style, quahogs are considered obligate:
Infaunal
Semi-infaunal
Burrowers
Epifaunal
198
What are identified as potential bottlenecks for Blood Ark (Anadara ovalis) farming?
Insufficient availability of suitable habitats
Limited growth potential and slow maturation
Need for improvement in setting conditions and marketing efforts
Lack of demand in the market
199
Bull raking is the only method available to harvest quahogs?
False
True
200
What happens when spat density on a collector reaches 100,000?
Competition for food and space occurs
Spat reach 20 mm by fall
Growth is accelerated
Spat fall off the collector

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