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All Classes CBHS Env. Sci. Final Exam Review Part 2 2023 (KM) Flashcards | StudBud
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All Classes CBHS Env. Sci. Final Exam Review Part 2 2023 (KM)
All Classes CBHS Env. Sci. Final Exam Review Part 2 2023 (KM)
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1
How is the secondary pollutant called photochemical smog produced?
VOCs and NOx react in the sunlight.
The ozone layer thins and lets UV light through.
Industrial pollution escapes from smokestacks.
NOx and SOx react with water in the atmosphere.
2
Which problem is least likely to result from climate change?
Loss of biodiversity.
Decreased food production.
Increasing earthquakes.
Sea level rise.
3
How long has the climate of Earth been relatively stable?
Since about 1950.
50 million years.
400 years.
10,000 years.
4
How long does it take plastic to break down in nature?
400-1000 years
Tens of thousands of years.
100-300 years
25 years.
5
Which is NOT a type of pathogen?
Viruses.
Parasites.
Cancer.
Bacteria.
6
What does NOT happen when the price of gasoline goes up?
People buy cars that use less gasoline.
People complain more.
Nobody worries about it.
People use their cars less.
7
Which statement about the oceans is NOT true?
More icebergs are appearing in the tropics every day.
Oceans absorb lots of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Oceans are becoming more acidic because of CO2.
Sea level is rising because of global warming.
8
What secondary pollutant is formed from VOCs, NOx, heat and ground-level ozone?
Photochemical smog.
Particulate matter
Asbestos
Acid rain
9
Which pathogen does not cause an infectious disease?
Coronavirus
HIV
Tuberculosis
E. coli
10
Which problem is NOT caused mainly by agriculture?
Sea level rising.
Deforestation.
Soil erosion.
Eutrophication.
11
What change would make the biggest improvement in our water use?
Fixing leaky toilets.
Recycling water in factories.
Improving irrigation systems.
Replacing household plumbing.
12
In 1850, before the industrial revolution, what percentage of humans lived in cities?
50%
15%
2%
33%
13
What are POPs?
Toxic heavy metals.
The product of NOx and SOx in dry air.
Long-lasting pollutants found in human fatty tissue.
The cause of the ozone hole.
14
Which pollution category does methane fall into?
Ozone.
VOCs
NOx
SOx
15
Which countries use mostly synthetic inorganic fertilizer?
Moderate countries like China and India.
More-developed countries.
Poor countries.
Countries with agricultural economies.
16
Poor areas of cities will have highest
levels of pollution.
incomes.
standards of living.
number of recycling bins.
17
Can a few dedicated humans bring about significant social change?
Yes.
No.
18
What type of chemical can cause early puberty?
Teratogen.
Heavy metals.
Hormone disruptors
Recreational drug use.
19
What action of government encourages industrial agriculture instead of sustainable methods?
Laws against organic farming.
Laws against polyculture.
Subsidies for farmers using industrial methods.
Subsidies for farmers using sustainable methods.
20
Which continent has the most countries with water shortages?
Antarctica
North America
Africa
Europe
21
The precautionary principle asks government to
ban chemicals when they are proven dangerous beyond a reasonable doubt.
test all chemicals before using any.
leave decisions about chemical safety to lawsuits and the courts.
ban chemicals that might be dangerous.
22
Where would you find monoculture farming practices?
On a giant factory farm.
In a Scandinavian country.
On an organic farm.
In a very poor country.
23
How long has the climate been changing?
400-500 years
100-150 years
Since 2001
Millenia
24
Water that leaks out of sanitary landfills and pollutes groundwater is
compost.
organic compounds.
grey water.
leachate.
25
Which disease can be passed from one person to another through the air?
Malaria
Tuberculosis
HIV
Diabetes
26
What is the current most common cause of food insecurity & hunger?
Poor irrigation.
Not enough cropland.
Poverty
Excessive fertilizer.
27
What is the precautionary principle?
Banning all chemicals.
Waiting until it is absolutely certain there is danger.
A new form of birth control.
Banning substances when there is some reason to think they are dangerous.
28
A fast-growing population would have what kind of age-structure diagram?
Straight up and down.
Broad at the bottom, narrow at the top.
Widest in the middle.
Very tall.
29
Which kills the fewest humans each year?
Water pollution
Infertility
Hurricanes
Infectious diseases
30
Which practice is NOT part of traditional agriculture, used in developing countries?
Large tractors that burn fossil fuels.
Small, family-owned farms.
Flood irrigation.
Animal manure as fertilizer.
31
How do most US states pay for highways?
Gasoline taxes.
Property taxes.
Income taxes.
Credit cards.
32
Plans to reflect sunlight into space with mirrors or shiny clouds are examples of
pathogens.
pseudoscience.
geoengineering.
biomimicry.
33
The LD50 or median lethal dose of a chemical is
Half the amount needed to kill a rat.
The amount needed to kill 50 rats.
The dose that kills half the animals in a test.
Half the amount needed to kill a human.
34
What choice cuts the most American lives shorter?
Drinking alcohol.
Vaccination.
Living close to nuclear plants.
Smoking.
35
What effect does BPA have on humans?
Hormone disruptor.
Pesticide.
Antibiotic
Carcinogen
36
What process produces fresh water but is expensive and deposits salt into marine ecosystems and damages them?
Water treatment.
Surface runoff.
Desalination.
Secondary pollutants.
37
In the second step of sewage treatment, what is used to remove organic materials and nutrients?
Sludge
Parasites
Bleach
Bacteria
38
What happened around 1970 in Curitiba, Brazil?
The first nuclear power plant was built.
Farmers started feeding grain instead of grass to cattle.
Sea level rise was first detected.
Planners designed the city for mass transit instead of cars.
39
Which cause of death in America is NOT preventable?
Smoking.
Smallpox
HIV/AIDS
Lightning strikes.
40
Which is NOT a waste prevention method of managing trash?
Recycling
Reusing
Reducing
Refusing
41
Which pollutants cause dead zones in the oceans?
Fertilizer in rivers from farmland.
Genetically engineered pathogens.
Plastic.
Oil spills.
42
Which method of waste disposal requires both oxygen and high temperatures?
Deep-well disposal.
Phytoremediation.
Incineration.
Plasma gasification.
43
Which government action encourages people to do something?
International treaties.
Subsidies and tax cuts.
Tax increases.
Banning recycled goods.
44
Which treaty banned the practice of shipping hazardous and electronic waste to poor countries?
The Paris Accord
The Kyoto Agreement
The Montreal Protocol
The Basel Convention
45
Which sources of energy are the most sustainable?
Burning fossil fuels.
Solar, wind and geothermal.
Plasma fusion generators.
Nuclear plants.
46
What effect is climate change likely to have on ozone depletion?
It should not affect it, since CFCs are all gone now.
Warmer weather will slow the replacement of ozone.
Extra air conditioning will make more CFCs and increase ozone.
The two phenomena do not affect each other.
47
What phenomenon can cause problems with soil fertility, sediment in surface waters and release of CO
2
?
Global warming
Water pollution
Pathogens
Soil erosion
48
What makes a chemical more toxic?
Being ingested by a healthy adult.
Large doses all at once.
Being synthetic (manmade.)
Biomagnification
49
The demographic transition model says that more-developed countries should expect
levelling of the population.
shrinking numbers of elderly people.
Rapid immigration.
Rapid population growth.
50
What result did an emissions cap-and-trade program have on sulfur dioxide pollution?
Sulfur dioxide vanished from the universe.
Not much happened.
Emissions dropped by about 70%
Emissions dropped by 23%
