What is the central concept of postmodern ethics

Locating morality in emotional "moral impulse."

What is the primary goal of discourse ethics

Resolving ethical conflicts through rational reflection and consensus.

How do work roles and organizational norms affect behavior within a workplace?

Work roles shape behavior and values, org norms define acceptable conduct.

What is globalization, according to the provided information by Scholte (2005)?

The process of reducing the importance of a common territorial basis

What is the core premise of ethical egoism, as described in the provided information?

Actions are morally right when they align with an individual's desires.

What are some of the criticisms commonly directed at ethical codes

They may be overly prescriptive and function primarily as a PR tool.

What does John Rawls' Theory of Justice primarily emphasize, as described in the provided information?

Equal rights and minimizing inequalities in society.

What is the definition of personal values?

Enduring beliefs about preferable conduct or end-states.

What is the fundamental principle of utilitarianism, as explained in the provided information?

Actions ar right if the result is the greatest good for the greatest number

What is the primary focus of descriptive ethical theories

Explaining how ethical decisions are made in business

Which of the following definitions accurately defines ethics?

the study of morality and the application of reason to specific rules.

What is the fundamental principle of sustainability, as defined by the provided statements?

Meeting current needs while allowing the future generations to meet theirs

How do national and cultural contexts typically influence ethical decision-making

Cultures have varying views of right and wrong while nationalcontext doesnt

What is the new role for management, as described in the provided information?

Considering the rights and interests of all legitimate stakeholders.

In the context of ethical theories / cultural perspectives which statement characterizes the role of ethical relativism

Ethical relativism suggests that morality depends on context and culture.

What are some of the disincentives that may discourage organizations from engaging in social accounting?

High costs, insufficient information, and secrecy

How is a pluralistic perspective in ethical decision-making typically characterized

As a middle ground that draws insights from various ethical theories

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the main drivers for organizations to engage in social accounting?

Increased financial profitability

What is a characteristic of traditional ethical theories

They provide principles that can be applied to different situations.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the "conventional" stage in the stages of Cognitive Moral Development?

Adherence to peer and societal expectations.

In which areas do organizations typically assess their stakeholder collaboration efforts?

Ethical, environmental, social, and sustainability

What are the three dimensions of the triple bottom line?

Economic, Social, and Environmental

What are some of the criticisms associated with Cognitive Moral Development (CMD)?

Gender bias, invariance of stages, and implicit value judgments.

What is a key distinction between traditional CSR and contemporary CSR

Traditional CSR is not linked to value creation while contemporary CSR is

What has been the evolution of business ethics management over time?

Shifting managing employee behavior to addressing social responsibilty

What is the primary focus of descriptive ethical theories in the context of business ethics?

Descriptive ethical theories explain how ethical decisions are made.

How does bureaucracy typically impact moral decision-making?

It promotes instrumental morality and suppresses moral autonomy.

Which of the following is not one of Milton Freidman's three points regarding a corporation's social responsibilities?

Stakeholders should be the compaines primary focus

What is the primary focus of social accounting?

Assessing an organization's activities and their impacts on issues.

What is the central emphasis of virtue ethics

Emphasizing morally correct actions over individual character.

What are the primary values emphasized in feminist ethics

Empathy, harmonious relationships, care, and harm prevention.

What is a key aspect of promoting ethical behavior?

Facilitating personal moral engagement, dialogue, and choice

What is the primary focus of corporate accountability, as described in the provided information?

Whether corporations are answerable for the consequences of their actions.

What is a notable similarity between religious and philosophical theories in the context of normative ethical theories?

They both guide moral actions, they have differences in sources.

What are some of the rationalization tactics often used to justify unethical actions?

Denial of responsibility, denial of injury, and social weighting.

Which of the following categories do the influences on ethical decision-making primarily fall into?

Individual and situational factors.

What are the two categories of situational influences on ethical decision-making?

Issue-related and context-related factors

What is a key characteristic of ethical absolutism

It argues for universally applicable moral principles.

What is the primary goal of the cultural change approach?

Transforming an organization's values to create a more ethical culture

What are the two primary approaches to ethical decision-making

Rationalist and intuitionist/sentimentalist (intuitive) decision-making.

What are the key features of postmodern business ethics

Holistic approach, real-life examples local actions pluralistic perspective

Why do corporations have social responsibilities, according to various arguments?

For business reasons such as gaining customers, attracting employees

studbud

Business Ethics Mid Term

72 termsStudBud Administration9 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards72 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 72

Answers

1
What is the central concept of postmodern ethics
Suppressing emotions to make objective ethical decisions.
Relying on rigid ethical principles.
Locating morality in emotional "moral impulse."
Promoting conformity to everyday practices without question.
2
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the schemes or standards that facilitate social accounting?
Pyramid Scheme
Social accountability standards, such as SA 8000
Reporting through frameworks like The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
Reporting assurance using standards like AA1000S Assurance Standard
3
What is the primary goal of discourse ethics
Promoting moral absolutism and rigid principles.
Encouraging ethical conflicts without resolution.
Fostering emotional discussions to resolve conflicts.
Resolving ethical conflicts through rational reflection and consensus.
4
How do work roles and organizational norms affect behavior within a workplace?
Organizational norms are not related to acceptable conduct in a workplace.
Work roles have no significant impact on workplace behavior.
Work roles encourage individual autonomy and personal values.
Work roles shape behavior and values, org norms define acceptable conduct.
5
What is globalization, according to the provided information by Scholte (2005)?
The process of spreading universal values and beliefs.
The process of reducing the importance of a common territorial basis
The process of making all aspects of society international.
The process of freeing markets and trade from regulations.
6
What is the core premise of ethical egoism, as described in the provided information?
It is rooted in religious principles rather than Ancient Greek philosophy.
Actions are morally right when they align with an individual's desires.
Actions are morally right when they are in the best interest of society.
It emphasizes collective interests over individual interests.
7
What are some of the criticisms commonly directed at ethical codes
They serve as genuine ethical guides in cross-cultural contexts.
They provide a clear ethical framework for all business activities.
They may be overly prescriptive and function primarily as a PR tool.
They often provide overly general guidelines and lack prescriptive value.
8
What does John Rawls' Theory of Justice primarily emphasize, as described in the provided information?
Maximizing individual freedoms and personal entitlements.
Equal rights and minimizing inequalities in society.
Prioritizing fair procedures over fair outcomes.
Distributive justice rather than procedural justice.
9
What is the definition of personal values?
Adherence to moral principles and values.
The capacity to make ethical decisions in various situations.
Enduring beliefs about preferable conduct or end-states.
The ability to consider various moral consequences and solutions.
10
What is the fundamental principle of utilitarianism, as explained in the provided information?
Actions are morally right if they align with individual interests.
Actions ar right if the result is the greatest good for the greatest number
Actions are morally right if they maximize personal happiness
Actions are morally right if they conform to a set of established rules.
11
What is the primary focus of descriptive ethical theories
Prescribing the morally correct way of acting.
Promoting the influence of individual desires on ethical decisions.
Explaining how ethical decisions are made in business
Emphasizing the importance of abstract ethical principles.
12
Which of the following definitions accurately defines ethics?
the study of specific rules and principles that determine right and wrong
the application of moral principles to resolve dilemmas in decision-making
the study of morality and the application of reason to specific rules.
ethics is concerned with the norms, values, and beliefs
13
What is the fundamental principle of sustainability, as defined by the provided statements?
Maximizing economic growth while minimizing environmental impacts
Meeting current needs while allowing the future generations to meet theirs
Meeting the present needs without consideration for the future.
Ensuring future generations have fewer resources to meet their needs.
14
How do national and cultural contexts typically influence ethical decision-making
Cultures have varying views of right and wrong while nationalcontext doesnt
Cultural context has no significant impact on ethical decision-making.
National context influences decision-making regardles of the decision-maker
National context primarily shapes decision-making
15
What is the new role for management, as described in the provided information?
Focusing exclusively on serving shareholders' interests.
Expanding corporate governance but still prioritizing shareholders.
Considering the rights and interests of all legitimate stakeholders.
Ignoring stakeholder democracy and international applications.
16
Which approach to business ethics focuses on the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders in ethical conduct
Stakeholder management approach
Virtue ethics approach
Utilitarian approach
Deontological approach
17
In the context of ethical theories / cultural perspectives which statement characterizes the role of ethical relativism
Ethical relativism emphasizes individual morality over institutional.
Ethical relativism argues for the acceptance of capitalism.
Ethical relativism promotes universally applicable moral principles.
Ethical relativism suggests that morality depends on context and culture.
18
What are some of the disincentives that may discourage organizations from engaging in social accounting?
High costs, inadequate information systems, and standards compliance
Insufficient information, adequate data systems.
High costs, insufficient information, and secrecy
Clear and standardized information, willingness to disclose data.
19
How is a pluralistic perspective in ethical decision-making typically characterized
As an approach that dismisses all other ethical theories.
As a rigid adherence to a single ethical theory.
As a middle ground that draws insights from various ethical theories
As an emphasis on relativism and the rejection of absolutism.
20
What are the three key attributes considered when assessing stakeholder importance from an instrumental perspective?
Proximity, size, and commitment
Power, legitimacy, and urgency
Voice, empathy, and sustainability
Influence, responsibility, and patience
21
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the main drivers for organizations to engage in social accounting?
Improved stakeholder management
Identifying risks
Increased financial profitability
Internal and external pressure
22
What is a characteristic of traditional ethical theories
They prioritize the consequences of morality over the sources of rules
They are based on religious sources rather than philosophical ones
They provide principles that can be applied to different situations.
They focus on guiding moral actions through philosophical perspectives.
23
Which of the following relates to one's ability to think through and envision different moral consequences and solutions
Personal integrity
Moral imagination
Personal values
Adherence to moral principles and values
24
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the "conventional" stage in the stages of Cognitive Moral Development?
Focus on rewards and punishments.
Emphasis on individual rights and universal principles.
Emphasis on social contracts and situational ethics.
Adherence to peer and societal expectations.
25
In which areas do organizations typically assess their stakeholder collaboration efforts?
Ethical, environmental, social, and sustainability
Ethical, social, and financial
Ethical, environmental, and technological
Ethical, legal, and economic
26
What are the three dimensions of the triple bottom line?
Cost, Community, and Competition
Economic, Social, and Environmental
Finance, Facilities, and Future
Profit, People, and Products
27
Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor affecting ethical decision-making?
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Socioeconomic status
Gender bias
Cognitive moral development
28
What are some of the criticisms associated with Cognitive Moral Development (CMD)?
Lack of clear stages, cultural insensitivity, and overemphasis on gender.
Overemphasis cultural insensitivity, and lack of empirical support.
Gender bias, invariance of stages, and implicit value judgments.
Implicit value judgments, cultural relativity, and lack of clarity.
29
What is a key distinction between traditional CSR and contemporary CSR
Outcomes of CSR such as social policies are associated with traditional CSR
Traditional CSR is focused on reward and while contemporary CSR isn't
Traditional CSR is not linked to value creation while contemporary CSR is
Traditional CSR is concerned with theory, while contemporary CSR isn't
30
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the types of stakeholder relationships?
Loyalty and commitment
Challenge and sparring partners
Task forces
One-way support
31
What has been the evolution of business ethics management over time?
Prioritizing corporate profitability over ethical considerations.
Abandoning ethical components in favor of financial growth.
Increasing employee behavior and reducing social responsibilities.
Shifting managing employee behavior to addressing social responsibilty
32
What is the primary focus of descriptive ethical theories in the context of business ethics?
Descriptive ethical theories prescribe the morally correct way of acting.
Descriptive ethical theories explain how ethical decisions are made.
Descriptive ethical theories define the concept of right and wrong.
Descriptive ethical theories emphasize the role of norms and values
33
Which of the does globalization not impact
Trade Issues
Legal issues
Cultural issues
Accountability issues
34
How does bureaucracy typically impact moral decision-making?
It promotes instrumental morality and suppresses moral autonomy.
It has no significant influence on ethical behavior.
It enhances transparency and ethical leadership.
It encourages moral autonomy and personal values.
35
Which of the following is not one of Milton Freidman's three points regarding a corporation's social responsibilities?
Social issues should be addressed by the state.
Only humans have moral responsibility.
Stakeholders should be the compaines primary focus
Managers should act in shareholders' interests.
36
What is the primary focus of social accounting?
Assessing an organization's financial performance and profit margins.
Analyzing an organization's internal management systems and processes.
Communicating an organization's products and services to the public.
Assessing an organization's activities and their impacts on issues.
37
What is the central emphasis of virtue ethics
Focusing solely on intellectual virtues and ignoring moral virtues.
Emphasizing morally correct actions over individual character.
Rejecting the importance of individual character in ethical decision-making
Virtuous character development through both intellectual and moral virtues.
38
What are the primary values emphasized in feminist ethics
Abstract principles and individual autonomy.
Passive responsibility and avoidance of learning from experiences.
Hierarchical structures and rigid moral rules.
Empathy, harmonious relationships, care, and harm prevention.
39
What is a key aspect of promoting ethical behavior?
Discouraging personal moral engagement and dialogue
Strictly enforcing specific beliefs and principles
Relying solely on organizational policies and regulations
Facilitating personal moral engagement, dialogue, and choice
40
What is the primary focus of corporate accountability, as described in the provided information?
The extent to which corporations are legally bound to follow regulations
Whether corporations are answerable for the consequences of their actions.
The degree to which corporations have replaced governments
How corporations handle their internal operations and policies.
41
What is a notable similarity between religious and philosophical theories in the context of normative ethical theories?
They both promote situational ethics
They both guide moral actions, they have differences in sources.
They both rely on personal beliefs and values to guide moral actions.
They both emphasize the consequences of moral actions as the primary factor
42
What are some of the rationalization tactics often used to justify unethical actions?
Transparency in decision-making and moral principles.
Clarity of conscience and adherence to personal values.
Denial of responsibility, denial of injury, and social weighting.
Consistent moral behavior and open communication.
43
What does a "limited view" of corporate citizenship primarily equate it with, according to the provided information?
Environmental sustainability
Philanthropy
Regulatory compliance
Corporate governance
44
Which of the following categories do the influences on ethical decision-making primarily fall into?
Cognitive and emotional factors.
Legal and moral factors.
Individual and situational factors.
External and internal factors.
45
Which of the following is NOT one of the components typically encompassed by business ethics management
Ethics education and training
Reporting and advice channels
Mission or values statements
Sales and marketing strategies
46
What are the two categories of situational influences on ethical decision-making?
Personal and social factors
Issue-related and context-related factors
Cognitive and behavioral factors
Psychological and emotional factors
47
What is a key characteristic of ethical absolutism
It often has a religious basis in Asian perspectives.
It argues for universally applicable moral principles.
It asserts that morality depends on the context and culture.
It emphasizes individual morality over institutional morality.
48
What is the primary goal of the cultural change approach?
Encouraging strict adherence to organizational values
Fostering factionalism and dissent within the organization
Transforming an organization's values to create a more ethical culture
Promoting moral imagination through subcultural groups
49
What are the two primary approaches to ethical decision-making
Prejudicial and unbiased decision-making.
Logical and emotional decision-making.
Theoretical and practical decision-making.
Rationalist and intuitionist/sentimentalist (intuitive) decision-making.
50
What are the key features of postmodern business ethics
) Rigid adherence to singular ethical theories and global actions.
Holistic approach, real-life examples local actions pluralistic perspective
Emphasis on abstract concepts and theoretical examples.
Focus on hypothetical scenarios and theoretical isolation.
51
Why do corporations have social responsibilities, according to various arguments?
For business reasons such as gaining customers, attracting employees
To fulfill their primary obligation to shareholders.
To meet the legal requirements set by government regulations.
To emphasize their moral responsibility in addressing social problems.
52
In which stage of cognitive moral development do individuals typically emphasize individual rights and social contracts?
Pre-conventional
Post-conventional
Inter-conventional
Conventional
53
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential problem or challenge associated with stakeholder collaboration?
Accountability
Schizophrenia
Culture Clash
Resource Intensity
54
Why do stakeholders matter in the context of corporate responsibility and governance?
Because Milton Friedman emphasized the importance of "others"
Because they represent externalities that do not affect corporations.
They have a claim on the corporation and can affect it through legal means
Because shareholders are the only group with a legitimate claim
55
What are some of the common criticisms directed at traditional Western modernist theories
Incompleteness and subjectivity
Pragmatism and populism
Flexibility and inclusivity
reductionism, objectivity, elitism, impersonality, rationality, imperialism
56
What is not one of the drawbacks of Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) theory?
Implicit value judgments
Invariance of stages
Gender bias
Overemphasis on concrete principles.
57
Which of the following definitions accurately defines morality?
Morality is the application of reason to make ethical decisions
Morality is concerned with the norms values and beliefs in social processes
Morality studies rules and principles that determine right and wrong
Morality is the study of ethical theories
58
What does an "equivalent view" of corporate citizenship entail, as mentioned in the provided information?
Acknowledging the broader societal role of corporations.
Associating corporate citizenship with a limited perspective.
Equating corporate citizenship with CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility).
Linking corporate citizenship with philanthropy.
59
What factors can influence moral intensity in ethical decision-making?
Personal beliefs and values
Social consensus and cultural norms
Consequences, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy.
Consequences, social consensus, and temporal immediacy
60
Which statement does not accurately describes a key feature of a corporation's legal structure?
Managers have a duty to act in the best interests of the corporation
Corporations are not considered "artificial persons" under the law.
Legal status and asset ownership define a corporation.
Shareholders "own" corporations, but corporations exist independently.
61
What factors contribute to the effectiveness of ethical codes?
Implementing one-size-fits-all codes for all organizations.
Tailoring codes to specific contexts, providing training, using incentives.
Lack of support from management and enforcement through reporting mechanism
Relying solely on negative incentives for code compliance.
62
What does the nature of corporate responsibility typically encompass, as defined in the information provided?
Meeting economic and philanthropic demands only.
Fulfilling explicit CSR in every region.
Adhering to implicit CSR without regard for regional differences.
Balancing economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic demands of society.
63
What is the primary purpose of normative ethical theories, as explained in the provided information?
To describe how ethical decisions are made in various organizations.
To explain the factors influencing ethical decision-making in business.
To define right and wrong in diverse situations.
To outline the morally correct way of acting in ethical dilemmas.
64
What does the "extended view" of corporate citizenship, as mentioned in the provided information, emphasize?
Associating corporate citizenship with CSR
Equating corporate citizenship with philanthropy.
Acknowledging the corporation's broader societal role.
Focusing solely on corporate profitability.
65
In which type of businesses are codes of ethics typically less prevalent?
Family-owned businesses
Large companies
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Start-up companies
66
What are the key aspects of corporate accountability, as highlighted in the provided information?
Determining the profitability of corporations, assessing their market share
Establishing corporate policies, overseeing executive compensation
Controlling corporate governance, tracking financial performance
Determining who controls corporations, to whom corporations are accountable
67
What is the primary purpose of codes of ethics
To provide a framework for achieving maximum profitability.
To establish mandatory rules and regulations for ethical conduct.
To guide orgs and industries, regarding beliefs, values, ethical behavior
To impose legal obligations on organizations, industries, or professions.
68
What are some of the key attributes that effective social accounting should possess
Exclusivity and secrecy
Simplicity and brevity
Inclusivity, comparability, and completeness
Complexity and inconsistency
69
What does "personal integrity" typically involve in the context of ethical decision-making?
Enduring beliefs about preferable conduct or end-states.
Adherence to societal norms and expectations.
Adherence to moral principles and values.
The ability to consider various moral consequences and solutions.
70
What are the primary principles underlying Kant's Categorical Imperative, as mentioned in the provided information?
Prioritizing individual desires, flexibility, and pragmatic solutions.
Focusing on personal interests, expediency, and subjective moral standards.
Maximizing positive outcomes, simplicity, and realism.
Consistency, human dignity, and universality.
71
What is a key aspect of environmental management, as described in the provided information?
Strict adherence to legal compliance only
Implementation of environmental goals and policies beyond legal compliance
Ignoring the auditing and reporting of environmental approaches
Consistent lobbying for environmental regulations
72
In which stage of Cognitive Moral Development do individuals primarily focus on rewards and punishments?
Post-conventional
Pre-conventional
Conventional
Interpersonal

Business Ethics Mid Term Flashcards | StudBud