A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that

warm air can hold more water vapor than an equal amount

Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will

stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.

Climate in a region is

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions

Scientists predict population sizes by using

age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration

Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?

the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce

Chaparral plants usually survive fires because

they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.

Which of the following factors does not help predict future oil production?

the number of oil refineries operating in the past

The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by

the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals

Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion?

driving farm machinery over fields

Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in

Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico

Which of the following is a good way to reduce salinization?

using rainwater instead of groundwater on crops

The National Farmland Protection Program was designed to

protect farmland from being overtaken by natural grasses

A true statement about parasitism is that parasites

may cause their hosts to become more predators

A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are

involved in the formation of acid precipitation

The current rate of species extinction is

slower than at any other time in this century.

Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?

When birth rates and death rates are both high

Succession is possible because

new species make the environment less suitable

Geothermal heat pumps can heat homes by

circulating fluid underground to absorb heat from Earth.

Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?

one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned

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Environmental Science Final Review

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Environmental science final review

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
leopard seal
killer whale
algae
krill
2
A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that
cold air rises in the atmosphere.
warm air can hold more water vapor than an equal amount
warm air sinks toward Earth’s surface.
as air warms, the water vapor it holds condenses.
3
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion.
increase for a short time and then decrease to current level
4
Which of the following is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable by organism?
conversion of nitrogen into carbohydrates by photosynthesis
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
absorption of nitrogen into water systems
decomposing bacteria
5
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
risk.
correlation.
distribution
skepticism.
6
Climate in a region is
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
never affected by ocean currents
7
Latitude strongly influences climate because _____ solar energy falls .
less
more
sometimes less
the same amount of
8
Scientists predict population sizes by using
age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration
age structure, fertility rate, and migration.
survivorship, migration, life expectancy, and structure.
replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, and survivor.
9
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
electrical conductivity
value
cost to extract
carbon content
10
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?
the maximum number of offspring each individual can produce
the number of interactions each individual has
the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce
the size of offspring each individual can produce
11
An area prone to landslides is an example of
rangeland.
open space
rural land.
marginal land.
12
Chaparral plants usually survive fires because
they can resprout from small amount plant tissue.
water is stored in their small, leathery leaves
they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.
they have deep root systems that keep them moist.
13
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
decomposers
omnivores
herbivores
d.All of the above
14
Acid mine drainage
harms or kills aquatic life
purifies streams.
is unregulated in the United States.
causes acid rain.
15
Which of the following factors does not help predict future oil production?
changes in technology
cost of obtaining fuels
the number of oil refineries operating in the past
number of oil deposits discovered
16
Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
frequent thermal inversions
location in a valley or basin
combustion of ethanol in cars
dependence on coal for heating
17
An example of a population is
all trees in a forest.
all maple trees in a forest.
all animals in a forest.
all plants in a forest.
18
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
variable.
experimental group
.hypothesis.
control group.
19
Which of the following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi, and plants?
They are single-celled
They have the ability to make their own food
They usually have cell walls.
They have cell nuclei.
20
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases ?
Both (a) and (c)
radiation
pressure
temperature
21
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals
All of the above
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.
22
Deep currents flow along the
ocean floor.
thermocline.
halocline.
ocean surface.
23
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
pesticides
sewage
All of the above
oil spills
24
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
biology and earth sciences.
physics and chemistry.
linguistics.
social sciences.
25
Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion?
allowing land to lie fallow
driving farm machinery over fields
all of these practices contribute to soil erosion
using compost as fertilizer
26
From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
a bonding company
federal agencies only
state and federal agencies
local government only
27
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
4,000°C to 5,000°C
400°C to 500°C
3,000°C to 4,000°C
300°C to 400°C
28
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Norway
Germany
Kenya
Australia
29
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas.
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada.
30
Which step in the experimental method are scientists conducting when they photograph birds ?
drawing conclusions
hypothesizing
observing
analyzing data
31
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
utility pole
vacant lot
oak forest
coral reef
32
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in tropical rainforests
in deserts
in the Arctic
in Europe and the United States
33
Which of the following is a good way to reduce salinization?
using rainwater instead of groundwater on crops
adopt no-till farming methods
increase the use of synthetic pesticides
use ocean water instead of groundwater to irrigate crops
34
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
geosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
35
The National Farmland Protection Program was designed to
protect farmland from damage by wild animals.
protect farmland from being overtaken by natural grasses
protect farmland from environmental damage from pollution
protect farmland from being developed.
36
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
immediately kill their hosts.
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
are always animals and never plants
may cause their hosts to become more predators
37
Which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
cooking
transportation
heating and cooling buildings
manufacturing
38
A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
released when solvents are used in manufacturing.
participants in the chemical reactions that produce ozone.
primarily a byproduct of fuel burning in automobiles.
involved in the formation of acid precipitation
39
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
temperature
radiation
pressure
Both (a) and (c)
40
The current rate of species extinction is
attributable to the actions of humans.
the result of natural environmental processes
slower than at any other time in this century.
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival
41
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
probability.
distribution.
mean.
statistics.
42
Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?
Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic.
In preindustrial societies, birth rates are low
When the average number of children born to each woman falls
When birth rates and death rates are both high
43
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
littoral zones and benthic zones
lakes and ponds
marshes and swamps
rivers and streams
44
Succession is possible because
it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult.
existing plants reproduce quickly.
new species make the environment less suitable
climates change over time.
45
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
dredge.
smelt.
slag.
flux
46
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Ice Ages
Stone Ages
Bronze and Iron Ages
Modern Age
47
Geothermal heat pumps can heat homes by
circulating fluid underground to absorb heat from Earth.
All of the above
pumping hot water or steam from deep underground.
using underground rivers to turn a small turbine
48
Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?
one in a cool climate with a good ventilation system
one that has not been repainted or recarpeted in several
one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned
one in an urban area where windows are often open
49
Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth?
legal punishments
economic incentives
public advertising
limiting education for women
50
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 6.0
pH 7.3
pH 9.6
pH 4.1
51
Why are mathematical models important?
They are especially useful in situations
All of the above
They can represent how a system or process works.
They can be used to create useful digital images.
52
Which of the following is true of land-use plans?
The public often has input in land-use plans.
All of the above
Projects in environmentally sensitive areas may be hotly
Developers must prepare detailed reports
53
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
a cow in a pasture
a tick on a cat.
mistletoe on a tree.
a roundworm in a human’s intestine.
54
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
biotic factors
abiotic factors
unnecessary factors
selection factors
55
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
plowed along the contour of the land.
planted to forest.
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
covered with grass.
56
Which of the following most effectively allows forests to recover from tree harvesting?
cutting only young trees and then replacing.
allowing the forest to reseed itself
cutting only medium-sized or mature trees
cutting all of the trees and then replanting the area
57
Which of the following models would you use to represent the shape of Earth’s surface?
conceptual
physical
graphical
mathematical
58
Solar energy, or energy from the sun, is contained in
radioactive waste.
all nonrenewable resources
fossil fuels.
uranium.
59
Where do most Americans live?
in urban areas
in rural areas
There is an equal distribution of people across the land
on producing farms
60
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions
Both (a) and (b)
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.
61
Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of
minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up.
the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.
volcanic activity that is common in tropical marine
the gradual accumulation and fusion of skeletons of fish.
62
One disadvantage of wind energy is that
large amounts of farmland are needed for the turbines
wind turbines generate only a small amount of energy.
the difficulty of transporting the energy from its source .
wind turbines are not cost-effective.
63
The distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
longitude.
altitude.
latitude.
magnitude.
64
Which of the following is a side effect of heat islands?
lower temperatures and drought
increased precipitation
lower temperatures
drought
65
Nuclear fusion
does not release a great amount of energy.
results in nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei
must take place in low-density containers.
must take place at extremely high temperatures.
66
Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population?
higher fertility rates
more food, better hygiene
higher birth rates
increased immigration
67
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
magnetic fields.
uranium.
power plants
electricity.
68
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
All of the above
fungi.
bacteria.
protists.
69
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?
rising sea level
increased frequency of major droughts
increased polar ice mass
increased frequency of major storms
70
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a bank account that earns interest
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
mold appearing on bread overnight
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating lichens
71
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
stationary system.
closed system
open system.
unstable system.
72
Which of the following is a developing nation?
Ethiopia
Canada
the United States
France
73
The major human causes of extinction today are
polluting and introducing non-native species
Neither (a) nor (b)
Both (a) and (b)
hunting and destroying habitats
74
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
Canada
Mexico
Pakistan
India
75
Light pollution can be decreased by
using incandescent light bulbs.
increasing the number of lights per block on a city street.
directing lighting downward.
lighting billboards from below

Environmental Science Final Review Flashcards | StudBud