Chemistry Unit 2 Vocabulary

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons

A state in which an atom has more energy than it does at its ground state

The area around an atom's nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties

The electrons can possess only certain discrete energy values

A unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule

An atom that has the same # of protons as the other atoms of the same element do but that has a different # of neutrons

A subatomic particle with a neutral charge effect

The frequency of an outcome in the limit of an infinite number of trials

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion

one-half of the distance between the center of identical atoms that are not bonded together

The lowest energy state of a quantized system

In chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge

A reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud

A subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge 

An ion that has a negative charge

The energy needed to remove an electron from a negative ion to form a neutral atom or molecule

A subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge 

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons

Unit or quantum of light; a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass & carries a quantum of energy

An ion that has a positive charge