putting participants into groups

In a natural experiment

the researcher does not manipulate the IV

the target population

the group we wish to generalize about

The 'emic' approach to psychological approach

assumes that mind/behavior are universals

Post-trauma, HM could form ____ but not ____

procedural memories; episodic memories

when A and B statistically change together

main problem in evolutionary psych

experimental conclusions always speculative

key consideration when evaluating ethical violations

do the findings compensate for violations?

My bathroom scale reads 300 kg every day

it has reliability but not validity

The IV in Loftus and Palmer (1974a) was

intensity of verb in critical question

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Psych Review - Research

90 termsStudBud Administration19 plays

A review of key terms and concepts in IB Psych

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Questions 90

Answers

1
detectable using our 5 senses
tangible
rational
empirical
knowable
2
static imaging; dynamic imaging
MRI; CAT
MRI; fMRI
PET; MRI
EEG; fMRI
3
Developed the 'Minimum Group Paradigm'
Asch
Tajfel
Bandura
Sherif
4
what is allocation?
putting participants into groups
confirming the null hypothesis
collating raw data
another word for sampling
5
Identify the 'cultural dimension'
individualism/collectivism
ethnocentrism
out-group discrimination
androcentrism
6
In a natural experiment
the researcher does not manipulate the IV
PP's randomly put into control and experimental groups
the participants are unaware they are involved in a study
the procedure is carried out in a real-world setting
7
Another term for 'participants'
subjects
confederates
agents
actors
8
the technology used in Maguire (2000) was
fMRI
CAT
MRI
EEG
9
common criticism of Loftus' research
reductionism
reliability
gender bias
mostly lab experiments
10
the target population
the group that benefits from research findings
all participants in a study
all non-participants in a study
the group we wish to generalize about
11
best name for a Bobo doll
Albert
Solomon
Henri
Phil
12
Which is a case study?
Ronald Cotton
HM
Phineas Gage
Stanford Prison
13
The 'emic' approach to psychological approach
ignores culture-bound disorders
values qualitative over quantitative data
asserts many aspects of psychology are culturally specific
assumes that mind/behavior are universals
14
'Humans have a need to belong' is a Principle of
the SCLOA
the CLOA
the BLOA
Psychology of Human Relationships
15
the study of how the brain changes due to experience or trauma
neuroplasticity
neuroanatomy
neurobiology
cognitive neuroscience
16
Post-trauma, HM could form ____ but not ____
long-term memories; short-term memories
narrative memories; autobiographical memories
procedural memories; episodic memories
declarative memories; episodic memories
17
A demand characteristic may cause
problems with reliability
reductionism
the Screw-You Effect
artificiality
18
Kind of validity at issue in IQ testing?
construct validity
external validity
population validity
internal validity
19
this research method is important in behavioral genetics
adoption study
correlation study
regression analysis
single-blind study
20
participants themselves seek out other PPs
snowball sampling
selective sampling
opportunity sampling
cluster sampling
21
Study relevant to the hormone oxytocin
Broca
Newcomer
Ditzen
Cialdini
22
independent measures
3 or more groups
1 group, more than 1 task
experimental + control conditions
2 or more groups
23
tech that uses electrodes attached to the skull
EKG
MRI
PET
EEG
24
When the participants in a study don't represent the target population
Type 1 Error
culture bias
sampling bias
demand characteristics
25
a critique of the MSM
it's determinist
it's reductionist
it's culturally biased
it's unrealistic
26
Kitty Genovese
a news story
a field study
a case study
a natural experiment
27
correlation
when A increases, B decreases
A appears to cause B
when A and B statistically change together
when A decreases, B decreases
28
main problem in evolutionary psych
human evolution is not complete
denies free will
experimental conclusions always speculative
evolution is a theory, not a law
29
In an experiment, the control group
is debriefed last
does not receive any treatment
is unpaid/ unrewarded
monitors the experimental group
30
key consideration when evaluating ethical violations
what would Phil Zimbardo do (WWPZD)?
do the findings compensate for violations?
long-term impact
severity
31
a key criticism of Asch's conformity studies
correlation but not causation
participants embarrassed upon debriefing
sample size
lack of historical validity
32
before modern brain imaging tech, neurological research relied mostly on
autopsy
phrenology
trepanation
empirical testing
33
ecological validity refers to
generalizing from historical period
generalizing from culture
generalizing from setting
generalizing from sample
34
inferential stats
prove cause and effect
usually involve the mean and standard deviation
rule out results due to chance
are only possible with ratio-level data
35
Schemas as stereotypes study...
waitress/ librarian
structural/ semantic processing
homebuyers / burglars
Bugs Bunny in Disneyland
36
My bathroom scale reads 300 kg every day
it has reliability but not validity
it has validity but not reliability
it has both validity and reliability
it has neither validity nor reliability
37
2 key ethical issues in animal studies
consent and confidentiality
harm and right to withdraw
harm and consent
harm and deception
38
The IV in Loftus and Palmer (1974a) was
intensity of verb in critical question
whether participants remembered broken glass
whether participants saw the first or second video
estimate of car-crash speed
39
When you don't know the exact research method, it's best to use the term...
case study
experiment
investigation
study
40
research method most used at the CLOA
natural experiment
lab experiment
brain-imaging study
field experiment
41
something you do to rule out extraneous variables
standardize
randomize
control
qualify
42
Bobo doll...
normative conformity
compliance techniques
social learning
group-based discrimination
43
Not a brain imaging technology
PET
CAT
MRI
EEG
44
An LAQ requires a minimum of ____ detailed research summaries
5
3
4
2
45
Maguire (2000) was a
lab experiment
natural experiment
animal study
field experiment
46
Pick the animal study
Jones and Harris
Pilliavan, Rodin, and Pilliavin
Loftus and Palmer
Martinez and Kesner
47
validity usually involves a trade-off between ____ and _____
reliabaility and validity
method and precision
design and method
artificiality and control
48
especially avoid this when evaluating research
failing to talk about ethics
getting names and dates wrong
the 'shopping list' approach
writing less than half a page
49
Robbers Cave...
Social Learning Theory
Social Identity Theory
Realistic Conflict Theory
Systems Justification Theory
50
True or false: A lab experiment can be carried out in a classroom
False
True
51
ethical violation required in many experiments
deception
harm
breaking confidentiality
denying withdrawal
52
to be scientific, a theory must be
tested
proven
falsifiable
valid
53
How did Zimbardo defend the ethicality of Stanford Prison?
claimed no long-term damage occurred
did not - admitted it was an ethical disaster
pointed out that informed consent was given
argued that the value of findings outweighed violations
54
researcher ignores differences between males and females
gender bias
beta bias
alpha bias
androcentrism
55
researcher exaggerates differences between males and females
gender bias
alpha bias
androcentrism
beta bias
56
technique to avoid demand characteristics
obtaining informed consent
single-blind study
triangulation
random sampling
57
measure of genetic inheritability
concordance
concomittance
positive correlation
negative correlation
58
researcher team don't know who is in the control vs experimental condition
single-blind study
field study
case study
double-blind study
59
the IV is manipulated, the DV is
predicted
quantified at ratio level
not manipulated
measured
60
another term for an experiment
case study
hypothesis testing
research study
trial and error
61
a culturally biased sample means that the findings are culturally biased
false
true
62
external validity is all about
avoiding biases
generalizing results
statistical testing
controlling variables
63
Which sampling method did Maguire (2000) use?
stratified sampling
convenience sampling
random sampling
selective sampling
64
change due to belief that a treatment is effective
Demand characteristic
Halo Effect
Placebo Effect
Good participant role
65
we use ____ to compensate for a small sample
ratio-level data
inferential statistics
single-blind studies
preventative measures
66
individual differences
disagreements amongst participants
psychological or physiological traits
cannot be controlled for
variations within the sample that can affect the DV
67
internal validity
does the IV cause change to the DV?
is the procedure artificial?
is the sample biased?
can we generalize findings?
68
Cause participants to behave unnaturally because they are aware that they are in an experiment
placebos
individual differences
confounding variables
demand characteristics
69
what animals have been genetically bred for laboratory experiments
cats
fish
dogs
rats
70
factors other than the IV that may influence the DV
controls
confounding variables
extraneous variables
spurious correlations
71
another word for 'stooge'
observer
confederate
informant
actor
72
main limitation of a case study
sample size
culture bias
demand characteristics
findings can't be generalized
73
The 'I' in 'WEIRD' stands for
Individualist
Internalized
Industrialized
Incorporated
74
when results can't be reproduced, we have a problem with
authenticity
validity
reliability
artificiality
75
most human behavior is
genetically determined
unpredictable
predictable
multi-causal
76
a hypothesis
an explanation of observable phenomena
an informed opinion
an experimental prediction based on a theory
an educated guess
77
'sample size' refers to
number of people asked to participate in a study
number of participants in a study
degrees of freedom
proportion of target population represented in a study
78
students over-emphasize this when it comes to critical thinking marks
drawing out implications
citing counter-evidence
description
evaluating research
79
Behaviour that benefits other people
altruistic
mindful
empathetic
prosocial
80
meta-analysis...
most detailed research study on a topic
most respected research study on a topic
survey of research on a topic over a given time period
most recent research study on a topic
81
Participants don't know they are participants in
field experiments
structured interviews
covert observations
natural experiments
82
when a researcher sees what he/she wants to see in experimental results
maturation
anchoring bias
egocentrism
confirmation bias
83
'et al.' means
'and so forth'
'and colleugues'
'as an example'
'excetera'
84
suspect because people do not always tell the truth
Likert scales
eye-witness testimony
polygraph machines
self reports
85
study explained to participants afterwards
round-up
debrief
recap
feedback
86
research method especially useful at the SCLOA
twin study
field experiment
correlation study
lab experiment
87
main reason students lose points on LAQs
fail to make an argument
merely descriptive responses
fail to address the prompt
fail to evaluate studies
88
Whose procedure included 'serial reproduction'?
Bartlett
Glazner and Cunitz
Anderson and Pichert
Brewer and Treyens
89
disadvantage of fMRI
requires exposure to radiation
cannot isolate individual neurons
only measures electrical activity thru the skull
provides only 2-dimensional images
90
most difficult sampling method to achieve
random sampling
snowball sampling
stratified sampling
opportunity sampling

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