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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
2
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
3
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
4
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
5
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
the production of raw materials and cash crops
isolationism
respect for the rights of the indigenous
6
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
large cities were not established until Europeans came
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
societies usually developed along river valleys
7
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
8
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
increased political power for the clergy
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
lower living standards for industrial workers
development of towns and cities
9
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
These had rich history before European contact
The African societies flourished at the same time
10
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
11
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
communism
socialism
manorialism
feudalism
12
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
13
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
social equality
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
14
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Pax Romana
Muslim world
Aztec Empire
15
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
consolidate the political power of the region
provide order during a period of weak central governments
16
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
17
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
military conquest of China
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
18
The European feudal system was
designed to promote political and economic equality
controlled by a powerful middle class
supported by the labor of peasants
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
19
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Age of Exploration
Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
20
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
21
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
22
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
23
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
diseases introduced by the Spanish
wars btwn various native groups
crop failures brought on by poor weather
24
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
adoption of democratic government
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
persecution of Jews and Christains
25
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
promoted equality for women
developed a representative government
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
26
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
27
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
establish Christianity in W Europe
unite warring Arab peoples
28
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
29
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade and commerce declined
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
30
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
individualism
secularism
mysticism
humanism
31
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
32
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
33
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
iron ore and coal
rifles and diamonds
gold and salt
spices and silk
34
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the port city of Guangzhou
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
35
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
36
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Ottoman
37
Africa's geography is characterized by
a diverse topography
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a lack of major river systems
38
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
39
Humanism was
appreciation for the worth of the individual
belief in the supremacy of the collective
embracing the separation of church and state
a rejection of ancient civilizations
40
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
41
One major result of the Crusades was the
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
long-term decrease in European trade
42
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the furthest expansion of their borders
the end of foreign domination
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
43
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
exploitation of people and resources
opposition to the Catholic Church
44
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
breakdown of central government
decline of trade
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
45
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a golden age
a time of colonial unrest
a period of political chaos
a poverty-stricken era
46
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
47
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
manorialism
mercantilism
capitalism
industrialism
48
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
49
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
a decrease in trade and commerce
the toleration of members of other cultures
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the creation of democratic governments
50
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
mercantilism and industrial expansion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
war and constant invasion
51
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Mecca to Asia Minor
Senegal to India
the Indus River to Spain
Cairo to Tours
52
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in the reincarnation of souls
belief in one God
53
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
54
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
religious themes
55
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
mercantilism
feudalism
manorialism
entrepreneurship
56
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Ottoman
Holy Roman
Assyrian
Byzantine
57
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
58
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
merchants and pilgrims
missionaries and slave traders
soldiers and diplomats
59
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
decline of Greek city-states
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy
60
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
61
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
62
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
63
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
growth of feudalism in Europe
64
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
socialism
free market
manorialism
feudalism
65
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
protected by mountains
accessible by water
close to a network of navigable rivers
isolated from the rest of Europe
66
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
67
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
68
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
the practices of the church led to classless society
69
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
70
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
the many opportunities for social mobility
an adoption of Christianity
an open democratic society
a decentralized government
71
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
locations were favorable for trade
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
military power led to industrialization
72
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
equality among Japanese citizens
peaceful relations with other nations
a culture that accepted militarism
an increased interest in science and technology
73
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
outbreak of deadly diseases
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
fall of Constantinople
74
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Japan and Tibet
Russia and Iraq
Iran and Thailand
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
75
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
obedience to gov't officials
devotion to religion
superiority of medieval thought
value of the individual
76
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
77
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
universal suffrage/democracy
racial diversity
social mobility
a questioning spirit
78
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was a religious center for Muslims
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
79
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
socialism
manorialism
mercantalism
laissez-faire capitalism
80
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
81
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
an adoption of Islam
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
82
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Nationalistic movements began to decline
The Catholic Church was weakened
Feudalism strengthened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
83
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
belief in democracy
rigid social structure
84
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Religious reform was a major concern
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
The peasant class was instrumental in both
85
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
emphasized social equality
established monotheistic religions
had decentralized political structures
86
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
practicing rituals to please the gods
equality among the social classes
direct democracy
mercantilism
87
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
88
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
Enlightenment
Renaissance
89
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
encouraging formal education
fostering the growth of religion
eliminating warfare
providing social stability
90
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Machiavelli
Locke
Voltaire
91
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
employing superior military skills
avoiding contact with the West
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
92
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
warrior aristocrats
radical revolutionaries
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
93
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italy was politically unified
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
94
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
development of feudalism in Europe
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
95
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European involvement in the Crusades
development of a European middle class
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
European renewal in learning
96
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
97
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
democratic ideas
silk cloth
Orthodox Christianity
Latin language
98
The Byzantine Empire
used a senate as the chief governing body
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
adapted the Roman principles of justice
99
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
promoted peace and prosperity
established absolutist governments
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
100
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
social class
101
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
102
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
increasing power of feudal lords
103
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Byzantine Empire
104
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
centralized powers
Communist regimes
constitutional monarchies
105
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
limited social mobility
a thriving system of international trade
rejection of Christian teachings
a strong central government
106
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
Latin American societies
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
sites of early civilization
107
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
codified laws
agricultural communes
Islam
108
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
increase in influence of serfs
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
collapse of international trade
109
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
110
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
military strategies of the Mali
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
social kinship of the Ashanti people
111
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
employ absolute power
obtain power from a social contract
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
112
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
self-determination
113
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
114
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
encouraged to develop their own industries
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
115
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
produced few cultural achievements
lived at peace with their neighbors
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
116
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
failure of other nations to become interested in China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
117
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
North America and Europe
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
118
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Gothic
Corinthian
neoclassical
Ionic