In The Natural History of Religion, David Hume concludes that

Religion arises chiefly from anxious fear of future events

In Plato's book The Apology, he describes the trial of Socrates, in which

Socrates was put to death for corrupting the youth of Athens.

St. Anselm defines God as

omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent, the greatest possible being that we can conceive

The relational view of the self ...

depends upon my relationship with others.

The atomistic view of the self is the view that

we are self-sufficient, independent beings

The atomistic self is the view that self-identity

is as a self-sufficient individual.

The Judeo Christian View of Human Nature claims that

the Soul is immaterial and immortal.

According to the Logical Positivists, something that is "verifiable in principle" is ...

verifiable, if only theoretically at the present time, Capable of being verified by observation

The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:

It can be used to validate arguments of the same form.

In "the allegory of the cave", what happens when the released prisoner returns?

He tells the other prisoners that the shadows are not real., The other prisoners think he has gone crazy

According to Plato, the three parts to the Human soul are:

reason, the appetites, and emotions (spirited).

The major difference between the ancient Greek, and Upanishads and Vedas was

Greek Philosophers focus on external world., Eastern Philosophers seek truth by introspection.

One major difference between the Greek and Eastern philosophers is that

Eastern philosophers emphasize understanding the inner self, Greek philosophers emphasize the use of reason

One way of proving the validity of an Abductive Argument is to find the explanation that ...

best fits the evidence, best explains the premises

St. Thomas Aquinas argued that the purpose of human life is to...

exercise our rational capabilities in order to “know” God., achieve happiness by using reason to know God.

The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:

they are used to validate arguments that take the same form.

What is a key premise in the Cosmological Argument from Causation (First Cause)?

Everything that exists must be caused by another thing.

A logical syllogism is a propositional argument that ...

can be proven based on logical principles.

According to Mungzi, humans...

have a natural predisposition to do good.

According to Ninian Smart, most religions include what traits?

doctrine, ritual, organization or institution

The Compatibilist view of freedom is...

People are not free, but we hold them responsible anyway, Human actions are caused, but they are still responsible

Bertrand Russell argued that religious belief is...

irrational, based on fear of the unknown, based on emotional needs

The Problem of Evil is an argument against ...

the existence of a benevolent God, the existence of a the Judeo-Christian concept of God

The Anti-Realist's point of view

our view of reality depends on language and systems.

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Intro to Philosophy - Midterm Review SP2023

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Study Review for Phil-1301 Fall 2020

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Questions 80

Answers

1
In The Natural History of Religion, David Hume concludes that
Primitive people adopted religion out of anger.
Religion was used to explain natural phenomena.
People adopt religions in order to belong to a community.
Religion arises chiefly from anxious fear of future events
2
Which is the Holiest book of Islam?
The Talmud
The Qu'ran
The Hindu
The Bible
3
The view that people always have an option to choose no matter the circumstances?
Libertarianism
Existentialism
Randomness
Intransigentism
4
Aquinas' Cosmological Argument from Causation is also known as
the First Cause Argument
The "Big Bang" Theory
The First Mover Argument
The Vortex Argument
5
Immanuel Kant claims that the mind imposes the sense of sequence and duration on experience.
False
True
6
For the materialist, we are able to identify ourselves over time because of
Our Immortal Soul
Body Continuity
Consciousness
DNA
7
St. Thomas Aquinas developed how many different proofs for the existence of God?
three
four
two
five
8
In Plato's book The Apology, he describes the trial of Socrates, in which
Socrates was called a gadfly.
Socrates was released from the cave.
Socrates was put to death for corrupting the youth of Athens.
Socrates won his freedom.
9
Dembski argues that existence of intelligent design is proven in living things by ...
simplicity and perfection
complexity and specificity
generality and determination
uniqueness and randomness
10
William Paley uses an analogy to compare God to a divine ___________.
Architect
Eye
Housekeeper
Watchmaker
11
LaMettrie compares the human body to what?
An primordial bacterium
A watch
An enlightened machine
A computer
12
St. Anselm defines God as
a perfect island
omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent
the greatest possible being that we can conceive
the greatest possible being that we cannot conceive
13
The relational view of the self ...
has little to do with how others see me.
depends upon my relationship with others.
has little to do with how I see myself.
is determined by my culture and society.
14
The atomistic view of the self is the view that
we do not need other beings.
we are self-sufficient, independent beings
we only exist as part of some larger organism or substance.
only really exist in relation to other beings.
15
Confucius said that living "the Way", will lead to harmony between ourselves and society.
False
True
16
The atomistic self is the view that self-identity
is defined by our nuclear composition.
is as a self-sufficient individual.
depends on my relationships with others.
is impossible.
17
The Judeo Christian View of Human Nature claims that
the Soul is real but not eternal.
the Soul is immaterial but mortal.
the Soul is immaterial and immortal.
the Soul is part of the Human Body.
18
Which of the following pairs of founders is considered to be God in human form?
Moses and David
Jesus and Krishna
Krishna and Buddha
Muhammad and Buddha
19
According to the Logical Positivists, something that is "verifiable in principle" is ...
verifiable, if only theoretically at the present time
not verifiable at all
Capable of being verified by observation
verifiable only by direct observation
20
The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:
No argument can be proven invalid.
it totally confuses the opposing side.
it makes easier to makes claims without proof.
It can be used to validate arguments of the same form.
21
In "the allegory of the cave", what happens when the released prisoner returns?
He goes blind.
He tells the other prisoners that the shadows are not real.
The other prisoners think he has gone crazy
He is welcomed as a hero.
22
According to Berkeley's Idealism, the external world exists in the mind of ______.
the perceiver
God
No one
the dualist
23
According to Plato, the three parts to the Human soul are:
brain, will, and body.
reason, love, and hate.
reason, the appetites, and emotions (spirited).
Moe, Larry, and Curly.
24
The view that people always have an option to choose differently.
Compatibilism
Libertarianism
Determinism
Authoritativism
25
The major difference between the ancient Greek, and Upanishads and Vedas was
Greek Philosophers focus on external world.
Eastern Philosophers seek truth by introspection.
Vedas are complete skeptics of Reality.
Upanishads believe in the Big Bang Theory.
26
One major difference between the Greek and Eastern philosophers is that
Eastern philosophers do not believe in God
Greek philosophers do not believe in the soul
Eastern philosophers emphasize understanding the inner self
Greek philosophers emphasize the use of reason
27
____________ invented the "principle of sufficient reason."
Marquis de Laplace
Bertrand Russell
Alan Turing
Heisenberg
28
According to St. Augustine, the eternal ideal Forms exist in the mind of ____.
Plato.
Aristotle.
Humans.
God
29
William Paley argues that the complexities of the _____ ____ prove intelligent design.
Great Pyramid
Atomic Particles
Human Eye
Solar System
30
A proposition is a statement asserting a state or action that can be assessed to be ...
True or false
valid or invalid
contradictory or noncontradictory
31
One way of proving the validity of an Abductive Argument is to find the explanation that ...
disproves the premises
best fits the evidence
best explains the premises
falsifies the conclusion
32
St. Thomas Aquinas argued that the purpose of human life is to...
exercise our rational capabilities in order to “know” God.
use our human capabilities to survive as a species.
stop trying to understand human existence scientifically.
achieve happiness by using reason to know God.
33
Einstein's theory that time can be experienced differently based on perspective
length contraction
time expansion
time dilation
space-time continuum
34
The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:
they are used to validate arguments that take the same form.
Philosophers do not care about the truth of the premises.
Valid arguments are based solely on reason and language.
Valid arguments are impossible to argue with.
35
What is a key premise in the Cosmological Argument from Causation (First Cause)?
Everything that exists must be caused by another thing.
God is identical with the "First Cause".
There must have been a "Big Bang" to start the Universe.
Something thatexists only in the understanding is greater.
36
Theology is the rational study of religion, by religious scholars of a given faith.
True
False
37
A logical syllogism is a propositional argument that ...
is arrived at by inductive reasoning.
can be proven based on logical principles.
cannot inferred from a valid argument.
lays down conditions or facts as true.
38
According to Mungzi, humans...
are unable to outgrow their basic aggressive nature.
have a natural predisposition to do good.
have an immortal soul that makes the right moral choices.
only learn to behave better by learning from experience.
39
Jean Jacques Rosseau claimed that Man in his original state would be a brutal savage.
False
True
40
M. E. McTaggart is known for his claim that Time is Not Real.
False
True
41
According to Ninian Smart, most religions include what traits?
fact based
doctrine
ritual
organization or institution
42
The Compatibilist view of freedom is...
People are free to act and they are morally responsible
Human actions are not caused by nature and circumstances
People are not free, but we hold them responsible anyway
Human actions are caused, but they are still responsible
43
According to Charles Sanders Pierce, intellectual concepts must be verifiable by
mathematics
witchcraft
experimental science
reference to religious doctrine
44
The belief that we do not have sufficient knowledge to decide whether or not God exists is ...
Pantheism
Atheism
Agnosticism
Deism
45
Bertrand Russell argued that religious belief is...
irrational
based on fear of the unknown
based on emotional needs
universally acceptable
46
The Problem of Evil is an argument against ...
Free Will
the existence of a benevolent God
the existence of all gods
the existence of a the Judeo-Christian concept of God
47
The Anti-Realist's point of view
There is only one independent external reality.
Reality is a meaningless concept.
Humans cannot comprehend multiple realities.
our view of reality depends on language and systems.
48
The view that people do not have control over what they do, and are not free to choose?
idealism
determinism
materialism
indeterminism
49
The bar or bat mitzvah is a coming-of-age ceremony in ________.
Judaism
Hinduism
Islam
Buddhism
50
What is the name of the book from which "The Allegory of the Cave" is taken?
The Nichomachean Ethics
Plato's The Republic
Socrates' Trial
The Real World
51
St. Anselm's logical proof of the existence of God is called ...
the Design Argument
the Ontological Argument
the Fool's Argument
the Cosmological Argument
52
__________ claims that only the present moment is real.
A. O. Quine
M. E. McTaggart
St. Augustine
Immanuel Kant
53
_______ claims that women are enslaved by cultural biases.
Madame Curie
Simone de Beauvoir
Cleopatra
Alberta Camus
54
The Materialist claims that we identify ourselves over time through
body continuity.
consciousness.
DNA.
memories of past life events.
55
Freud claims that belief in God ultimately comes down to 'an infantile need to believe ...
in a nurturing mother figure.
in dragons.
in an abusive male tyrannical King.
in a protective father figure.
56
The view that only one's self exists is called...
anti-realism
solipsism
agoraphobia
hyperthyroidism
57
According to Descartes, we can identify our soul as
our brain.
our reflection.
our thinking mind.
our eyes.
58
According to the pragmatists, metaphysical theories about reality make what mistake?
Looking for absolutes
Not rooted in practical world
Not rooted in human experience
Rejecting Dualism
59
If the premises of a valid argument are both true, the conclusion must be _____.
False
Undetermined
Unknown
True
60
The Five Pillars are the principle religious duties in?
Islam
Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
61
According to Xunzi, humans are ...
born very different from one another.
like sprouts, born with the tendency to do good.
born with the ability to distinguish "right" from "wrong".
naturally aggressive and animal-like.
62
Who was the founder of Hinduism?
Mohammed
Jesus Christ
Moses
Krishna
63
Charles Darwin argues that the process of _____ ______ explains "design in nature".
Magical Intervention
Genetic Invention
Random Occurence
Natural Selection
64
John Locke's claim of self-identity over time...
memory or consciousness of prior events.
Body Continuity.
our Soul.
our brain.
65
Alan Turing's test for human intelligence in machines
The Rorschach Test
The Enigma Test
The IQ Test
The Turing Test
66
William James argues that we should choose to believe in God ...
to curry favor with God
to get a good position in the next life
to avoid eternal damnation
to protect ourselves from missing out on Ultimate Truth
67
Who are the trinity of gods in Hinduism?
Brahma, Shiva, and Moses
Shiva, Muhammad, and God
Father, Son, & Holy Spirit
Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu
68
Principle that subatomic particles cannot be observed at a specific location or moment in time.
Hiedegger's Principle
Strong Determinism
Ockham's Razor
Heisenberg's Principle of Indeterminancy
69
Descartes argues that what enables us to identify ourselves is our soul, which we recognize as
our living brain.
our fingerprints.
our immortal being.
our thinking mind.
70
The belief that there is only one God who is Creator of the Universe is called ...
Pantheism
Deism
Pluralism
Monotheism
71
What is the Traditional Western view of Human Nature?
The self is an independent entity from the body.
The self thinks, reasons, and perceives.
The self dies when the body dies.
Our material body is separate from the self.
72
All religions have beliefs that involve a personal commitment to one or more gods.
True
False
73
Kant's criticism of the Ontological Argument is that...
Existence cannot be a real predicate
Only God can create his own existence
God is a perfect island
God is a transcendental being
74
Atheism is not like a religion because it relies on
ritual
institutions
scientific knowledge
moral beliefs
75
Darwin three key ideas explaining the cause of Human Nature.
Survival of the Fittest
Metaphysical Soul
Natural Variation
Natural Selection
76
Buddhism claims that the unchanging self gives order and permanence to our world.
True
False
77
What is the impact of the Big Bang Theory upon the Proofs for the existence of God?
It proves that the universe could have started without God.
It refutes the possibility of an uncaused, first cause.
Proves that the universe started with a cataclysmic event.
It proves the origin of the universe requires God.
78
St. Augustine argues that Ultimate Reality, as defined by Plato, exists in ...
only in our mind
The Mind of God
In the world around us
In another dimension
79
David Hume's objection to the Design Argument is that is involves a ...
False Analogy
Non Sequitur
Caveat Emptor
Uncaused Cause
80
In philosophical language, a statement that can be assessed to be true or false.
Premise
Proposition
Conclusion
Sentence

Intro to Philosophy - Midterm Review SP2023 Flashcards | StudBud