HGP 100 Final Review

Highest order settlements will be _____ in number, lowest order will be most ________

Who focused on the relationship between available resources and number of people?

Who divided the world into one torrid, two temperate and two frigid zones?

Which technology helps monitor land use change?

Which urban hearth area was located in Pakistan?

the idea that poverty is transmitted intergenerationally, reflecting spatial variation in opp.

What does Collier argue leads to corrupt government?

Who distinguished between centrifugal and centripetal geopolitical forces?

Real extent used in absolute and relative forms

Who identified low lake levels as human impact and explained they were caused by deforestation?

How thin is the ecosphere/biosphere?

What do human geographers base their questions of identity on?

What is one way women are NOT isolated?

The declining intensity of any pattern/process with increasing distance from given location

Which is not a reason the 1977 UN Plan of Action was a failure in combating desertification?

What was first calculated in 1995?

a part of city with internal homogenity; uniform income, ethnicity, reflect shared social value

The multiple nuclei model by Harris and Ullman (1945) said centres could?

Why do sex ratios vary with age?

Where was the 2002 UN World Sustainable Development Summit held?

Declining CBR, CDR already low, RNI falls

How much of global energy needs could be supplied by renewable energy by 2050?

Which country never ratified the Kyoto Protocol?

LD countries have ___ rates of mortality/fertility and ___ rates of literacy/industrialization

Which cause of desertification is hard to measure?

Endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct

How much have global temperatures increased in the past 100 years?

The UN estimates 80% of the world lives in urban areas. What is this expected to rise to?

What is NOT an issue with data collection?

Which theory centers on the relationship between dependence and underdevelopment?

Maximum rent that a potential land user can be charged for using that land

By what fraction did the WWF claim biodiversity had plummeted in 2008?

North/South; parallels

Which is not a process of transportation evolution?

A theory to explain spatial distribution of urban centres respecting size and function

Who wrote Guide to Geography and mapped 8 000 places on a grid with coordinates?

What was not a cause of the ozone hole?

Who believes the Earth is reaching but hasn't passed a point of no return?

When did the first Green party form?

Region identified on basis of perceptions held by people inside/outside region

Why was the concentric model criticized?

Location of a geographic fact with reference to broad spatial system of which it is a part

Depiction of world, ack. the impossibility to be exact of all depictions affected by researcher

CBR/CDR low and basically equal, RNI low ; pop. momentum has pop. increase- low fert., aging

The World Development Report categorizes countries by GNI per capita. What is the issue?

Which is NOT a ranking of a global city?

Which refugee crisis was not caused by a division of a country?

When people move from an unfavourable environment to a better one

Representation of age and sex comp. of population; younger at bottom and older at top

Refers to way of life of society members; refer to ability to analyze then change environment

What replaced the ITO?

discriminatory practice identifying parts of city as high risk in terms of loans for property

When did the urban population of the world exceed the rural for the first time?

a continuously built up area formed by coalescing of several separate cities

The International Energy Authority predicts an increase of how much in energy demand by 2030?

Measure of satisfaction an individual derives from a location relative to their goals

Cultural region associated with particular cultural group; strong emotion attached to place

Collection of ideas/practices concerned with challenging inequalities evident in landscape

pop. growth continuing beyond the time of replacement fertillity being reached

What is NOT a reason geographers are interested in megacities?

Which explanation of the world food problem has developed most recently?

What is the study of the importance of space in understanding international relationships?

What is the most important change affecting human geography?

Who contends the world's geography is critical to understanding spread of agriculture?

What caused permanent settlements to form?

Why is housing different from other commodities?

Why is wind power NOT criticized?

What are the circular pathways of chemicals called?

Which of these will not cause conflict regarding Arctic sovereignty?

Why is it hard for countries to achieve industrial growth?

Which was harder to calculate because there is no way to estimate time?

location; has acquired meaning as a context of human action

Which does fire not do?

Concerned with the universal and the general

What kind of location refers to arbitrary grid system; mathematically precise measurements?

The world pop. is _____ but at a slowly ______ rate

A region that comprises a set of linked locations

Those who flee their homes but remain in the country are referred to as?

Which suggests a division into core, semi-periphery, periphery; periphery depends on core?

How much global energy consumption is caused by fossil fuels?

Where is the hearth area of the culture?

Surplus income on unit of land above minimum income needed to bring a unit of new land

Which of these describes lines that join points of equal time distance from a single location?

Which country's creation in 2011 was the first challenge to colonial boundaries?

What is NOT a social impact on fertility?

Which type of African city includes mining towns?

Slow growth, then exponential increase and leveling out at ceiling describes what growth model?

Condition in which society interprets interests in terms of the worldview of a dominant group

Who formed the chorology approach combining special and general geography?

Minerals and land that take a long time to form and are fixed in supply are referred to as?

Techniques used to acquire/record data from points not in contact with phenomena of interest

Ernest Burgess developed what zone model in 1925?

Places/events carefully constructed for mass leisure and consumption

housing tend to experience being occupied by different income groups

location of geographic fact with reference to the immediate local environment

Those that argue pop. increases and environment damage will lead to food shortage, disease, war

Ability of person to produce a live child; potential rather than actual number

Which geographic tradition established by the Greeks was contributed to by Eratosthenes?

What is the reuse of material and energy sources called?

Which resources regenerate within a human lifespan?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society and loses its identity

What term did Naess introduce in 1979?

Informal settlement in urban core; poverty, substandard housing, crime, lack of sanitation

What view regards humans as central fact of world; stressing centrality of humans to detriment?

What does the UN estimate the world population will be in 2050?

Which was the first universalizing religion, spread by monks, popular in Thailand and Burma?

Collection of demographic + other data relating to all citizens of country at a given time

Which is going to be the first ecosystem completely erased by humans by 2100?

What was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol designed to do?

Resolution levels used in research; size of area or time period covered, no. of people

A map that uses lines to connect locations of equal data value

What is calculated with trade data, capital flow, info transmission and pop. movement?

temporal perspective refers to what?

Who argues we live in a semi-globalized world at best, and globalization is an exaggeration?

Who is considered the father of geography?

Free migrations prompted by push-pull factors widely experienced by a group

Which part of the ecosystem is related to land?

Carrying capacity ____ static

East/West; meridians

Which disease is reported to be the greatest killer in history?

Assimilation is part of ____ immigration policy, while acculturation is part of ___ immigration

Who argued that hunger has nothing to do with production and everything to do with poverty?

Which is NOT a characteristic of a Chinese city?

What is essential to combat ocean pollution?

Why is the CBR crude?

Which map shows the world divided by a body of water and is based off of scriptural dogma?

Which of these introduced by Hagerstrand referred to diffusion to urban centres first?

Largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas

Which relationship, described as a feedback, reinforces change?

How many countries were assessed as less developed in 2014?

Forces that pull an area together to create a relatively stable state

As a result of ceased increase in MD, and rapid increase in LD, the world population....

Movement over time sustained by social links/kinship/friends resulting in distinct areas

Which method is used by positivists, arguably removing humans from research?

What were civilizations the consequence of?

The concept that states are often unequally divided between cores and dependent peripheries

Global politics do not make what more difficult?

The arrangement of land uses in cities, related to urban morphology

Why is the CDR crude?

Issues through which individuals give meaning to their lives is?

What does the Anthropocene epoch imply?

What does not play a role in segregation?

Which did Hagerstand NOT introduce?

What religion in Northern Ireland wants to join Ireland and separate from the UK?

Where are the majority of megacities located?

Spatial separation of population subgroups within wider urban population

Any human change to an ecosystem usually________?

Urban fertility is usually _________ rural fertility

The process by which humans acquire info about physical/social environments

What is the sex ratio for males to females?

What does UNHCR favour to fix refugee problems?

Creating electoral districts of varying population size to benefit one party

The factors that explain people's ability to acquire food based on their power

Who coined the term geopolitics?

What theory suggests some areas must remain undeveloped for others to prosper?

Why do people believe using GDP, GNP, GNI are inappropriate to measure wellbeing?

Which is not a principle ecological consequence of rain forest removal?

What does not receive special status from religions?

What is not a reason refugees flee their homes?

What year was the first that children under 14 were outnumbered by people over 60?

Changes in tech, organization, ideology that permit relationships between humans+ environment

Which aspect of the City Beautiful movement had the most substansive outcome?

Who developed the concept of an ecosystem?

Environmental friendly tourism; allows experience of distinctive ecosystem

Spatial dimension of separation; fundamental concept in spatial analysis

Do relative locations change?

What's the tendency for groups to assert their right to a state separate from the occupied one?

Which species reproduces less when they are fed?

How did empires begin primarily?

Which is monotheistic,divided internally and known for diaspora?

Boundaries that are defined after an area has been settled are

What TFR is considered replacement-level fertility?

What happens with increasing industrialization and urbanization to fertility?

Procedure used to represent positions of all/ part of earth sphere on a flat surface

All aspects of human reproduction that lead to live births; live number of births by women

Group members who see themselves as different because of common ancestry/shared culture

Which branch of humanism centers around the idea that researchers need verstehen?

A planned settlement to combine urban/rural life, emphasizing space and quality of life

What comprises a set of interacting/interdependent organisms and their environments?

high status residential area with limited access; often surrounded by wall, fence, buffer zone

advances in science/tech will continue to create sufficient resources for growing pop

By what percentage has human activity caused animal populations to decline?

Why is the north and south no longer able to be used?

Who published Geographia Generalis?

Which system lacks inputs and outputs?

A decrease in the friction of distance between locations

Which theory is associated with quantitative methods and theory development; spatial analysis

What percentage of global water supplies does agriculture use?

What transportation method has reduced costs dramatically?

What is a belief that a nation and state should be congruent; nation-state is natural pol. unit

Which ideology sees human behaviour constrained by economic processes?

interpretation of visual images to uncover symbolic meaning

High CBR//High CDR; infant mortality high, life expectancy low; low income agri. economy

What are discussions of gender based on?

Goods available freely or are provided by the state

What was the main goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987?

Which method refers to research with focus on attitudes, behaviour, and observation of humans?

Who published On The Origin of Species in 1859 and placed extinction of species into context?

Who formulated the concept of economic rent?

Which country is the happiest?

American school of geography by Sauer; focuses on human made landscapes

Why is transportation NOT controversial?

"To describe and explain the world" is geography's

Change experienced by ind. over lifespans divided into stages with particular behaviours

Analysis of change treating each area separately in evolutionary matter; all areas autonomous

What aspect of forests is increasing?

If the doubling rate of 1.2 continues, the world population will double in ___ years

What led to the creation of the IMF and World Bank?

Which branch of feminism was concerned with securing equal rights and opportunities for women?

A pidgin language that assumes the status of a mother tongue for a group

What is a country receiving refugees called?

Which contends that we know through experience; experience only what exists

Homer Hoyt developed what model in 1939?

How much has sea level risen in the past 100 years due to global warming?

When does something become a resource?

Which effect is distance based?

Who argues that lowering trade barriers and investing capital in LD will help?

Ford (1996) tried to model which city?

Which ideology contends that human study can be objective?

Focusing on what ought to be rather than what it is; seeking what is rational or optimal

Who claims the earth is entering a new evolutionary era with greatest mass extinction?

Why might biofuels do more harm than good?

Which type of feminism links gender inequality to class?

The number of males per _____ females in a population is a sex ratio

A body of theories explaining the distribution of economic activities

Where is culture dominant?

What does the world systems theory propose leads to dependency?

Which model is parallel to the demographic transition model?

How many millenium development goals were identified and approved?

What equation determines change in population size when referring to fertility/mortality?

Which is a positive of nuclear power?

Political unit that contains one national group; gives it identity and defines its territory

What was the only variable in the isolated state model by von Thunen?

Group sharing common culture and attachment to some territory; difficult to define

Which is related to Judaism and Christianity, Arabic, founded by Muhammed, shapes attitudes

As people become richer, do they become happier?

Which is not a reason removing tropical rainforests is short-sighted?

Which is NOT an example of a binary urban system?

What happened to populations once agricultural production improved

What are farmers NOT motivated by?

Which group expanded maps past the local because of their mobilization?

The centre of the city, usually characterized by high rise offices/residence and government

Spread and growth of cities; increasing proportion of pop. living in urban areas

Why is the initial settlement period important in understanding cities' locations?

What is measured by the Human Development Index?

What is a diet inadequate to sustain normal activity referred to as?

Which way is economic value transferred?

Why is Third World unable to be used today?

The tendency for high skill jobs to be located in MD world, while low skill industrial are LD

The view that human activities are controlled by the physical environment

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees estimates ___ people have been forced to leave home

Name of place; evidence provided can be crucial in studies of movement/settlement

The spread of a phenomenon over space and its growth through time

When the migrant has the choice to stay or move

Diamond proposed continent shapes are crucial because latitudinal (__) allows tech spread

Subordinate group seen by/contrasted to dominant groups; difference and inferiority

economic __________ leads to a __________ in environmental problems

Why is the cycle of poverty criticized?

Which is NOT a category of urban land use?

What is NOT an example of a high order service?

What is the title of Carson's book that shifted appreciation of human impacts in ecosystems?

Forces that make it difficult to bind a nation together as an effective state

What is the maximum value of the HDI?

Which one is a negative of hydropower?

What is the ultimate cause of hunger and famine?

a planned area of open, partially rural land surrounding urban area, where development restrict

Theory of power based on state controlling area surrounding heartland held key to world power

How many languages exist?

How did ebola spread so quickly?

Why is globalization more common than national/regional/global forces nowadays?

Difference between core city and its surrounding areas; moving from core to suburbs

Legally incorporated self-governing unit; bigger size/importance than town or village

Where are pro-natalist policies typically found?

areas where there is a degree of homogeneity in cultural characteristics; similar landscapes

Canada and Belgium are examples of

Global water shortages are unlikely because humans only use ____ of water in global water cycle

What kind of space is perceptual, socially produced, and subject to continuous change?

Which country posesses the essential characteristics of the isolated state?

What is not taken into account in the HDI?

Which of these is a pull factor?

Which maps are "handy" with radiating lines from centres; corresponding to points of compasses?

Which new attitude principle most clearly takes an ecocentric view?

shift of birth/death rates from high-low levels; mortality decreases before fertility

What perspective is used to analyze environmental issues?

Important node in global economy; dominant city in global hierarchy

What is voluntary segregation referred to as?

Which von Thunen theory: the intensity of prod. decreases with increasing distance from market

existing language used as common means of communication between different language groups

Which is not a way urban hierarchies are ranked?

Pattern of geographical facts within an area

____ cores and _____ peripheries exacerbate seperatist tendencies in peripheries

Residential district in an urban area with conc. of particular ethnic group

Rejects rationality assumptions of economic operator model; objective to reach satisfaction

Violation of immigration laws, or because of policy changes or complexity of maintaining status

Which type of feminism contends gender differentiation is from inequality different than others

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society while retaining distinct identity aspects

Which transportation system is made difficult/impossible by the topography?

How many regions is Canada divided into?

What effect of oil extraction does not harm the environment?

What is the primary goal of zoning?

Realigning electoral boundaries to benefit a particular party

Largest city in urban system, capital, dominates life, more than twice the size of next biggest

Which is a negative aspect of gentrification?

Which transportation system charged tolls for its users?

Farmers want max leisure time, will only change to supply increasing pops- substinence

Which approach views the scientific method as the most appropriate study?

Which ideology is referred to as historical materialism?

What problem does a country like China pose to measuring urban populations?

How many people could use the 9 000 km³ of water that is readily available?

deaths as a component of population change

What was not something Aristotle noted a relationship between?

Which physical factor affects livestock the most?

What does Wilson not believe about humans?

The 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development Report introduced what term?

What is not a notable rate of change for populations?

Which driving force also promotes a new lifestyle that changes the environment?

A concern for food and population imbalance describes what theory?

Which origin of cities contributed to a grid pattern for streets?

Internal homogenity, relatively distinct from other areas; intellectual creations

Which effect on international relationships requires condemnation?

How many megacities existed in 1950? How many exist now (2014)?

What occurs when substances that degrade air, land and water are released into the environment?

Which degree of homelessness is characterized by sleeping rough?

Who focused on anthropogeography/human geography?

In order for humans to be a force of nature, what must be true?

Argues both world pop. and world economy may collapse from inadequate resources

White's revised model of cities does not include which aspect?

What transportation method is favoured for small-bulk high value products?

Which way of water pollution is caused by animals and can result in oxygen depletion?

Who developed the world systems theory?

When was the Rio Earth Summit held?

Who described globalization as a neoconservative ideology that failed to make the world better?

Which variable affects spatial patterns of agriculture the most?

Concept based on likely importance of initial occupancy in determining later land uses

Who created the heartland theory?

What suggests that all of our behaviour aims to minimize effort?

Maps of ____ areas are at _____ scale, while maps of _____ areas are at _____ scale

Who tackled the problem of representing a sphere on a flat surface in 1569?

What is smog (O₃) a result of?

When do people become concerned about environmental change?

What is the most common centripetal force?

Who believed that global warming is inevitable but our intelligence will help us cope?

Which describes the attraction of tourists to religious landscape?

concerned with the unique and particular

a political unit with defined and internationally acknowledged boundaries

Who described the world as flat regarding improved communications?

When did colonialism end?

What is one way a loan is helpful?

Which term views globalization as a new age?

Which branch of humanism is the most important to human geographers?

the study of states as organism that choose to expand territory to fulfill destinies

Which exploration factor was initiated by Prince Henry of Portugal?

Who argued humans needed to develop an ecocentric view and recognize we are all connected?

Who developed the grid system based on poles and equator?

Which was an offshoot of Judaism, spread rapidly, divided, and is common in Western culture?

Which theory proposes a core, semi-periphery and periphery?

Which of these models was not developed by the Chicago school?

What are the two main approaches of urban geography?

Inner city urban neighbourhoods social change resulting from movement of higher income groups

What type of language is designed to serve the purposes of commerce between dif groups?

What kind of space is objective and exists in areal relations among phenomena?

Which is NOT a piece of technology used to monitor the environment?

What is the simplest/most common measure of fertility?

Which argument is pro-globalization?

Ideological preference and identity of researcher as they relate to research subjects

Which country promises to wean off oil by 2020?

The degree to which needs/wants of society are being satisfied

What is the preferred terminology of UN, World Bank, Population Reference Bureau?

What did deforestation not symbolize?

Which strived to see change in human world if the facilities are no longer working to suit us?

The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to obtain good/service

when production/distribution are not contained by boundaries can we speak of ___ instead of ___

What is the rank-size distribution equation?

Institutions/organization through which state exercises power

How are needs and wants satisfied?

How many km³ of water is readily available?

Who proposed that Europe divide into smaller, ethnic states?

What percent of languages does 96% of the world speak?

Urban centre providing goods and services for the surrounding population

Key point of entry to major geographic region for goods/people; several cultures absorbed

Which aspect would Le Corbusier not want in his Cities of Towers?

Does political globalization challenge the integrity of the individual state?

What is the key issue to environmental preservation?

Which best describes the heartland theory?

Which belief deemed earth as a home for humans made by God?

What is zone 2 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

White (1984) tried to model which type of city?

Who wrote Geographia?

Discharged mental patients and homeless are examples of

Rejects notions of impartiality; knowledge is not neutral, cannot be acquired in detached way

What is zone 1 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

The characteristics of a particular area created through human activity

What is NOT an example of a low order service?

large populations grow ______ small ones

Is travel time directly proportional to physical distance?

The conception, production, dissemination and study of maps

CDR decreases lots because of urbanizaation, RNI high; pop. growth rapid

Which geological epoch have we recently came out of?

What is required for economic growth to lead to a decline in environmental problems?

A thematic map that uses color/shading to indicate density of particular phenomenon in area

Cultures that survive in rural areas with distinct identities and resist change are

Identified by the presence of a certain characteristic

Is land assigned to the most efficient use or the most profitable use?

Ghetto areas in cities and Aboriginal reserve lands in Canada/US are examples of

Cultures that are largely urban and embrace/seek change are

When was geography formalized as an institutionalized academic discipline?

Can filtering go both upwards and downwards?

Urban way of life; declining sense of community, increasing complex organization

What term was coined by World Commission on Environment+Development in 1987?

Which is a way that value CANNOT be affected in a house?

Who studied geography as chorology?

What do cities not include?

A centre of office and retail activities located on edge of large urban centre

Which is not a piece of technology that harnesses wind and water power?

The study of human populations

If a population is declining, what shape will the population pyramid be?

Who developed the rimland theory?

Theory that social life=explained by models; extends economic operator concept to other parts

World Bank estimates that approximately ___people receive insufficient food to support activity

Geographers don't enjoy economic geography because

When and where was the UN Conference on Human Environment held?

what is the ideal shape of a hinterland?

Which has no dogma, loose philosophy, polytheistic and developed Sikhism?

Who studied geography as the influence of physical geography on humans AND human landscape?

Small voice given to migrant; related to actions of others who directly influence migration

Theory of world power based on assumption of state controlling heartland held key to world dom.

The ____ the Gender Inequality Index value, the ___ the inequality