WC 2024 Fall Final Exam Review

The roots of Democracy can be traced back to the city of Sparta.

"Augustus" (i.e. "exalted one") was a title given to Constantine for granting Christians relief from Roman persecution.

One could say that Feudalism was responsible for the reemergence of culture and civilized life in Western Europe.

Which of the following statements about Roman society is true?

Greek philosophy used observation and reason to discover the causes for events.

Romans generally treated most conquered peoples with relative tolerance.

Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paved the way for the development of modern Europe.

The regions Alexander the Great conquered were called the:

Roman armies were key to Rome’s success and made up of citizen soldiers.

"Carolingian Renaissance": period under Charlemagne’s reign marked by advances in learning and government efficiency.

Monotheism is the belief that there is only one god, or that only one god should be worshipped.

Which of the following statements is true about Jesus of Nazareth?

Serfs were similar to slaves except that they were paid a small wage and they were not owned by anyone.

This statesman led Athens during its Golden Age:

This important individual was burned alive and then later made a Catholic saint.

The spread of the Black Death followed mainly the:

Civilization resulting from the blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions.

Emperor Diocletian is known for having made the greatest contribution making Christianity a world religion.

They took vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity:

The narrow passage where 300 Spartans fought the Persians:

The Greeks were the thinkers in the ancient world and their ideas shape every facet of life in the West today.

Fief: what the lord granted his vassal in exchange for his loyalty. It could be land, money, or other kind of benefit.

Emperor Justinian I compiled a legal code that became a model for European rulers for their own legal systems.

What is the basic plot of The Aeneid?

The rule by a hereditary landholding elite:

What factors influenced the failure of medieval economies during the Late Middle Ages as a result of the Black Death?

The Western Roman Empire fell in the year 476 CE.

Minoans and Mycenaeans were active and dominant in the Mediterranean before the appearance of Greek civilization.

The oldest European university is the University of Bologna, Italy, which was founded in 1088 CE.

A plebeian was:

Ammianus Marcellinus blames this savage Asian tribe as one of the reasons for the demise of the Romans:

The Eastern Roman Empire was known as the Byzantine Empire and had its capital in Constantinople.

The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs from:

This word means "lover of wisdom"

Charlemagne was a tireless reformer who tried to improve people's lives. He:

During the Pax Romana, Roman legions protected and maintained roads.

A loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords:

Women in Athens could not participate in government

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote his Canterbury Tales in the vernacular language.

The Greeks changed their type of gov​​​​​​​​ernment, moving from:

This event marks the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages:

The Roman emperor Diocletian tried to restore order to the empire by (among other things) dividing it into two parts.

In Ancient Rome, a dictator could be elected for a term of six months.

Many Jews in the first century CE were expecting a messiah (or priestly king who would liberate the people)

The Western Roman Empire, where Rome was located, was the richest and most stable region of the Roman Empire.

Thebes was the location of a vast palace of the Minoan rulers.

One of the main reasons why Constantinople survived for so long:​​​​​

The Pax Romana is considered by some to have ended in 180 CE with the death of this emperor:

There were basically three classes in medieval society, in this order:

He was called the "Father of History."

Pythagoras: Greek philosopher who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle.

The main factors that influenced the development of Greek city-states were:

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture as the conquered people assimilated Greek ideas.

Homer: Greek poet famous for epic works that serve as major sources for the study of Ancient Greece. One of his works:

"Medieval" is a term used to refer to the culture of the Middle Ages.

Western Civilization usually believes in one god, freedom, civil rights, democracy, separation of church and state.

The Romans used their engineering skills to build:

Series of “holy wars” from 1096 to 1215 CE, fought over control of Byzantium and the Holy Land.

Conflict that took place around 1250 BCE and inspired a couple of epic poems by Homer.

The Viking invasions during the High Middle Ages caused people to start living together again for defensive purposes.

One of the major tools Church officials had to rule over Europeans during the Early Middle Ages:

He was Plato’s most famous student, who wrote about politics, ethics, logic, and more.

The ability of Roman tribunes to block a law they found harmful to plebeians.

The authority of the pope over all rulers (including kings) in matters of religion is called papal supremacy.

The decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to military, political, economic and social factors.

Despite divisions among city-states, Greeks shared a common culture in which they:

Athens experienced a golden age from 460 to 429 BCE that included Direct Democracy.

Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars.

The period from 27 BCE to 180 CE was one of relative stability in the Roman Empire and known as:

Christian bishops were given large territories (dioceses), while priests were given smaller jurisdictions (parishes).

What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in 313 CE?

Sophists were philosophers who:

Roman philosophy that stressed the importance of duty and acceptance of one's fate:

Considered the king of the Roman gods:

The longbow allowed the English to have early success against the French in their conflict during the Hundred Years War.

Hubris, as portrayed in The Iliad is a "god-like pride." It was viewed as the greatest of all sins by the Greeks.

Europe declined during the Early Middle Ages for reasons such as the unifying force of the Roman Empire was gone.

Julius Caesar instituted many reforms, such as creating public works jobs for the unemployed.

Acropolis was the section of an ancient Greek city at a higher elevation with great marble temples dedicated to deities.

The Peloponnesian League was formed in opposition to the highly militaristic culture of Sparta.

​Virgil wrote the epic poem The Aeneid.

Code of Chivalry was a code of conduct adopted by knights that required them to be brave, loyal, and true to their word.

What was one of the steps Athens took to consolidate power after the Persian Wars?

In the Early Roman Republic, members of the landholding upperclass were called:

The decline and fall of the Roman Empire happened quickly and swiftly as invading armies overran Roman legions overnight

Greek art has been praised as superior to previous art, but critics still point to the fact that Greek art:

The Crusades left a bitter legacy of religious hatred.

One of the guiding principles of the Roman Republic was that people should have a voice in government.

Huge farming estates bought up by wealthy families:

Ostracism was a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of several years.

About 450 BCE, the Romans codified their laws and inscribed them on twelve bronze tables set up in the Roman Forum.

After the fall of Rome, the Roman Empire lived on for another thousand years mainly in the East as the Byzantine Empire.

A massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers:

The Notre Dame of Paris cathedral is a major example of Gothic architecture.

Two of the major challenges posed to Christian Europeans were the rise of Islam and the Viking invasions.

In Ancient Greece, a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial was called the:

Plato wrote an important work called The Republic. He was a student of Socrates and influenced Aristotle.

An alliance is a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense.

Medieval European school of thought that attempted to bring Faith and Reason together.

Rome’s commitment to law is a legacy still followed in the modern United States.