unit 2

Question 1

What phenomenon the 18th and 19th centuries is represented by the rapid growth of British cities between 1801 and 1891?

Accepted Answer

Urbanization

Question 2

What was the geocentric theory, and why was this idea disproven?

Accepted Answer

The idea that the Earth is the center of the universe,

Question 3

How did the Industrial Revolution transform social classes?

Accepted Answer

B. It created a new urban working class, a wealthy industrial middle class

Question 4

Who was the monk and professor of theology whose protest started the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther

Question 5

Where medieval thinkers accepted many ideas without questioning them, what did "skeptics" do?

Accepted Answer

Question traditional beliefs and use observation and reason

Question 6

Whose controversial but historic scientific findings were rejected by the Catholic Church

Accepted Answer

Galileo Galilei

Question 7

Define absolutism.

Accepted Answer

C. A system in which a ruler holds total power

Question 8

Explain the belief of "Consent of the Governed" and its significance regarding government legitimacy.

Accepted Answer

B. The belief that citizens give permission for government authority

Question 9

Which Frenchman of the First Estate was elected leader of the National Assembly?

Accepted Answer

C. Abbe Sieyès

Question 10

Which Protestant belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Martin Luther?

Accepted Answer

Salvation through faith alone

Question 11

What was the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

A movement to reform and challenge the practices of the Catholic Church

Question 12

What were "indulgences," and how did they spark a historic movement against the Catholic Church?

Accepted Answer

Payments to reduce punishment for sins, seen as Church corruption

Question 13

The Old Regime of France was divided into three social classes. What were these classes known as?

Accepted Answer

Estates

Question 14

Summarize the primary transition that occurred behind the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

B. Shift from hand production to machine-based manufacturing

Question 15

How did industrialization fuel imperialism?

Accepted Answer

B. It created a demand for raw materials and markets

Question 16

an unwritten agreement to limit their individual liberties in exchange for protection,

Accepted Answer

C. Social Contract

Question 17

To prosecute heresy, the Catholic Church created what court that used torture threats and sued

Accepted Answer

The Inquisition

Question 18

What did the Catholic Church do in response to the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

Launched the Counter-Reformation to stop the spread of Protestantism

Question 19

How were the ideas of Protestantism widely spread throughout Europe?

Accepted Answer

Through the printing press

Question 20

What was the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason?

Accepted Answer

A movement emphasizing reason, logic, and individual rights

Questions 20