Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will

cause turgor pressure to decrease

The primary function of DNA is to?

store and transmit genetic information

Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,

it can react with up to 4 other atoms to form covalent bonds

a testable possible explanation of an observation

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Bio 123 Final Exam review

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Answers

1
Mitosis is a process which?
a cell grows in size
DNA is replicated
cytokinesis occurs
the nucleus divides
2
Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
CO2
FADH2
NADH
NADPH
3
In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of
chance
mutations
natural selection
genetic equilibrium
4
Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will
cause the plant to take in water
cause turgor pressure to increase
cause turgor pressure to decrease
have no effect
5
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
centromere
centriole
chloroplast
gamete
6
What type of reaction is this?
catabolic
condensation
hydrolysis
activation
7
When light strikes an object the light may be
transmitted
absorbed
all of the above
reflected
8
Living things...
have the ability to reproduce.
are composed of cells.
need energy for life processes.
All of the above.
9
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
glucose
water
10
In plants there are channels that allow materials to move from cell to cell. They are called?
gap junctions
plasmodesmata
anchor junctions
tight junctions
11
Transferring normal human genes into human cells that lack them
is called gene therapy
is impossible at this time
will cause antibodies to kill those cells
will cause cancer
12
Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate?
amino acid
phopholipid
chitin
sugar
13
Biology is the study of...
life
energy
minerals
the weather
14
Separation of the homologous chromosomes occurs in?
anaphase 2
telophase 1
anaphase 1
mitosis
15
The triplet code found at the base of a tRNA is called the?
beta-codon
mRNA
anti-codon
codon
16
What molecule in the cell membrane acts as a fluidity buffer?
cytoskeleton
cholestrol
ions
proteins
17
If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait they are called?
defective
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
heterozygous
18
What structure does not allow a plant cell to form a cleavage furrow?
cell membrane
nuclear membrane
Golgi apparatus
cell wall
19
a diagram in which a family is displayed and one particular trait is followed is called a?
karyotype
pedigree
Punnett square
monohybrid cross
20
Homeostasis means...
a change over long periods of time
the same thing as evolution
keeping things the same
rapid change
21
The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is...
a carbon macromolecule
a carbon molecule
an element
a carbon atom
22
The haploid number of chromosomes 14. How many chromosomes would be found in a somatic cell?
32
7
28
14
23
Phospholipids are important components of which of the following?
enzymes
microtubules
cell membrane
chromosomes
24
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a...
water bond
covalent bond
nonpolar bond
hydrogen bond
25
All organic compounds contain the element
Sodium
hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon
26
The chromosomes in your body
all of the above
include 44 autosomes
include two sex chromosomes
exist in 23 pair
27
a phospholipid molecule contains all of the following except?
glycerol
three fatty acids
a phosphate group
two fatty acids
28
Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of...
inferring
analyzing data
experimenting
communicating
29
The process where proteins are unfolded and lose their ability to function is called?
condensation
hydrolysis
denaturation
Boronic
30
The idea that famine, disease, and war can keep the human population in check was stated by
Lyell
Darwin
Malthus
Lamarck
31
Amino acids are monomers of
nucleotides
dissaccharides
steriods
proteins
32
The primary function of DNA is to?
prevent mutations
control chemical processes within cells.
store and transmit genetic information
make proteins
33
ATP stores energy in the form of
amino acids
chemical bond energy
mechanical energy
heat
34
We break down sugar for ATP, where does the carbon go?
carbon dioxide
lipids
sugar
wax
35
If two heterozygous axial flowers are crossed what percentage could be terminal?
0%
50%
100%
25%
36
A chemical that prevents a change in pH
buffer
product
reactant
redox
37
Proteins are manufactured by the _______________ of a cell.
SER
centrosomes
Golgi
ribosomes
38
A substance that is put into a chemical reaction (the starting materials)
product
catalyst
reactant
buffer
39
A genetically engineered organism that contains a gene from another species is called a?
cloned organism
genetic organism
bacterial organism
transgenic organism
40
Plasmids
are circular pieces of bacterial DNA
all the above
are often used as vectors in genetic engineering
replicate when the organism's main chromosome replicates
41
A non-living factor in an ecosystem
autotroph
abiotic
biotic
heterotroph
42
Body parts that have become reduces and unused are called?
analogous structures
homologous structures
remnant structures
vestigial structures
43
An atom with a different number of neutrons
isomer
isotope
buffer
ion
44
What is the correct sequence?
none of the above
G1-S-G2-M-C
S-G1-G2-M-C
C-M-G2-S-G1
45
What type of reaction is this?
automatic
exothermic
anabolic
catabolic
46
The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
enzyme
activation energy
potential energy
reactant
47
What Mitosis phase is this cell in?
prophase
anaphase
telophase
metaphase
48
Vesicles from the ER most likely are on their way to
the Golgi
the RER
Boronicland
the lysosomes
49
Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,
it can react with up to 4 other atoms to form covalent bonds
it can form bonds with carbon atoms only
it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules
these atoms are naturally chemically stable
50
A hypothesis is...
a testable possible explanation of an observation
a definite answer to a given problem
a concluding statement
a proven statement
51
Acidic solutions have a pH that is...
more than 7
less than 7
a negative number
between 0 and 14
52
Only eukaryotic cells have
membrane bound organelles
DNA
cytosol
ribosomes
53
lysosomes function in
processing and packaging
lipid synthesis
protein synthesis
intracellular digestion
54
Oxidation-reduction reactions are important in organisms because they...
allow the creation and destruction of energy
prevent nuclear reactions from occurring
none of the above; redox reactions don't occur in living.
Allow the passage of energy from molecule to molecule
55
Which of the following could only be a result of nondisjunction during meiosis in sperm?
xxx
xyy
xxy
xo
56
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called?
genetics
maturation
development
heredity
57
Ice floats on water because
ice has a higher density than water
ice expands by taking up more space by forming h- bonds.
water molecules take up less space by forming a few h- bonds
of cohesion
58
If this is mitosis what is this cells haploid number of chromosomes?
4
2
18
8
59
A hypothesis that does not explain an observation...
is rejected
none of the above
is known as an inaccurate forecast
often predicts a different observation
60
The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another is called?
transformation
genetic transfer
transduction
jumping genes
61
What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
producing clones
studying human gene
increasing food suppy
using more pesticides
62
The carbon found in organic molecules can be ultimately traced to which molecule?
methane
lipids
glucose
carbon dioxide
63
The attractive force between molecules of water
turgor pressure
adhesion
cohesion
osmosis
64
A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of ?
chromosomes
walls
vacuoles
mitochondria
65
A hypothesis that does not explain an observation...
none of the above
is known as an inaccurate forecast
often predicts a different observation
is rejected
66
A reaction in which the products have less energy that the reactants is...
an exergonic reaction
a filamentous reaction
an endergonic reaction
impossible
67
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is a(n)...
nucleus
element
cell
molecule
68
An organism that obtains its energy from the sun
autotroph
parasite
heterotroph
mutualism
69
Making ATP from ADP is what type of chemical reaction?
condensation
endergonic
hydrolysis
exergonic
70
Animals store glucose in the form of
glycogen
cellulose
wax
starch
71
Paper chromatography separates pigments according to
color
none of the above
size
electronegativity
72
If an allele makes up 1/4 of the population's alleles what is its relative frequency?
25%
75 %
4%
100 %
73
Which states of mater contain(s) particles that tightly link together in a definite shape?
gas
liquid
solid and liquid
solid
74
If a characteristic is sex linked, it
occurs most commonly in males
can never occur in females
is always fatal
occurs only in females
75
A pea plant that is heterozygous for axial flowers would have the genotype?
AA
Axial flowers
Terminal flowers
Aa
76
A unifying explanation for a broad range of observation is a...
prediction
controlled experiment
hypothesis
theory
77
The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called
endocytosis
solubility
selective transport
osmosis
78
A hypothesis that does not explain an observation...
is rejected
none of the above
is known as an inaccurate forecast
often predicts a different observation
79
Which of the following in not part of a molecule of DNA?
deoxyribose
ribose
nitrogenous base
phosphate
80
nucleic acids include
glucose and glycogen
DNA and RNA
lipids and sugar
chlorophyll and retinal
81
All organisms are composed of...
none of the above
diatoms
cells
cellulose
82
A scientist noticed in acidic pond water some salamanders developed curved spines. This was a..
Theory
Control
Hypothesis
Observation
83
A neutral solution has an equal number of...
hydrogen and hydronium ions
hydroxide and hydronium ions
oxygen and hydrogen ions
hydrogen and hydroxide ions
84
Inactivation on the X chromosome prevents
mutations
too much protein synthesis
none of the above
too little protein synthesis
85
When a molecule gains an electron and an accompanying hydrogen atom, it has been...
inactivated
disgested
reduced
oxidized
86
All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells except,
a cell wall
the ER.
a plasma membrane
mitochondria
87
James Hutton and Charles Lyell's work suggested that the
all rocks on Earth contain fossils
Earth is many millions years old
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years
Earth is several thousand years old
88
A hypothesis that does not explain an observation...
is known as an inaccurate forecast
none of the above
is rejected
often predicts a different observation
89
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
Golgi
nucleus
nuclear envelope
central vacuole
90
In a population the sum of a relative frequency of all alleles for that trait must equal?
is constantly changing
depends if its dominant or recessive.
100%
number of alleles for that trait
91
When homologous chromosomes exchange DNA it is called a?
segregation
independent assortment
a mutation
cross over event
92
Which of the following does not expend energy?
active transport
diffusion
a sodium potassium pump
endocytosis
93
During photosynthesis the series of reactions that make sugar are called?
the Krebs cycle
ETC
light reaction
the Calvin cycle
94
The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
pass electrons to carotenoids
absorb light energy
all of the above
split water
95
A water molecule is polar because?
Oxygen gives an electron to hydrogen.
Hydrogen and oxygen share electrons evenly.
Hydrogen and oxygen share electrons but not evenly
Oxygen takes away the electron from hydrogen.
96
What does alkaline mean?
basic
neutral
acidic
a type of element
97
An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a(n)...
element
ion
molecule
nucleon
98
Atoms that have gained energy...
have protons and neutrons that move further apart
lose neutrons from the nucleus
absorb electrons into the nucleus
have electrons that move to higher energy levels
99
Entropy is a measure of
energy
disorder
time
heat
100
When glycerol and three fatty acids combine they release water. What type of reaction is this?
hydrolysis
reduction
evaporation
condensation

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