LEC 1-3

Most reliable method of classification.

used microscope of 32-power magnification with which he saw “worms” in the blood of plague patients.

What are the basis of the morhopolgy of bacteria

Filamentous is composed of singly, in tangled mases or clumps or in palisade form

THE BERGEY’S MANUAL is the international standard for bacterial taxonomy and was first published in 1923.

was 1st to place series of lenses in a tube to produce a higher magnification.

the process of studying and recording the identical and distinguishing features.

his experiments established that fermentation and decay were results of microorganisms rather than creations of them.

Cocci cells divide in three planes in an irregular patter; produces bunch of cocci (grape-like)

Streptococci splits in one plane and remains in pair

Spore maybe central, subterminal or terminal

Nomenclature is the process of assigning names to the various taxonomic ranking of each living organism. 

in this era, scientific investigations & teachings dominated by the rise of Christianity; healing attributed to saints.

the classification and nomenclature of bacteria; of academic value and gives order and organization to the entire field.

Tough, rigid structure which surrounds the bacterial cell

Groups organisms based on shared evolutionary genetic heritage.

miasmatic theory believes that disease is caused by changes in temperature and moisture.

the science of classification of organisms, the purpose of which is showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

prokaryotic, unicellular, variable nutrition patterns – bacteria.

The 2 types of mesosomes are the Lateral and Septal Mesosomes

What are the three superkingdoms or domains

there are 3 types of early theories of diseases, which one are they?

Highly resistant dormant stage of bacteria formed under unfavorable conditions such as starvation and dessication

singly or in chains

 study of all bacteria significant to health, which are found in the environment of man and animals.

Fabronni is first to suggest that fermentation of wine was due to the action of glutinous substance contained in grapes.

consumption was caused by animalcules that existed in the juices and vessels of the body and carried into the lungs.

who killed cultures of Salmonella choleraesuis.

there are 2 types of basis of taxonomy

An outer covering of thick jelly-like material that surrounds the bacterial cell wall

Bacteria are classified into various taxonomic groups: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Eukarya Domain include plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Edward Jenner immunized smallpox using attenuated virus.

Due to action of specific substances in the blood and not entirely due to phagocytic cells.

this period is where the rise of science made tremendous advances.

Biochemical tests is part of methods in identifying bacteria

swelling of spore wall and disintegration of the cortex, a single germ cell emerge after breaking open the spore coat

what are the different types of planes of cocci

the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups in a format that shows evolutionary relationships.

What is the tool for identifying an unknown organism

Long, sinous, contractile filamentous appendages

Galen and Themison theorized that symmetry of pores resulted in health whereas disproportion caused disease.

who proposed a 3rd kingdom, Protista, for unicellular microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa.

Cornelius Drebbel, Hans and Zaccharias Janssen used the first microscope made in Holland.

Young spore unattached itself to its parent cell in a certain time

father of fermentation

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae are all part of Plant Kingdom

In stages of germination, germination of bacterial spore do not occur even when placed under favorable  environment 

Appear as small granules and pack the whole cytoplasm which are strung together on strands of mRNA to form polymers

Archaea Domain include bacteria with unusual cell walls

father of bacteriology; manufactured and used microscope of higher magnifying power, about 200 diameters

Spontaneous sporulation occurs in unfavorable conditions such as presence of disinfectants and extreme temperature

Filamentous, short, thin, straight, hair-like appendages, smaller than flagella

Spirilla is composed of short chains of 2 to 3 cells but usually singly

Process of conversion of spore to vegetative cell under suitable environment

Carl Woese and George Fox, divided living organisms into four superkingdoms, called as domains.

Bacterial cells break apart or remain attached to one another by means of a protoplasmic bridge called

Functions of cytoplasmic membrane

 general microbiology is the study of general characteristics of bacteria.

According to scientific nomenclature, each bacteria is assigned two names (binomial nomenclature): what are those two?

eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic or absorptive – molds, yeasts, mushrooms.

acts of god is included in the 5 causes attributed disease by Paracelsus

Eubacteria has eukaryotic cells

Thin semipermeable membrane which lies just beneath the cell wall

Spherical Bacteria is comma-shaped, tightly twisted, corkscrew-like cell

Francisco Redi experiment showed that maggots did not develop in meat when covered with gauze.

Paracelsus had the earliest doctrine of infection that became closest to the truth.

Joseph Jackson Lister developed detailed principles of modern microscope.

showed that dust in air laden with microbes when prevented from entering flask containing infusions remained sterile.

Scientific names of microorganisms composed of 2 words, Latin and English