Academic Style

Be as precise as possible regarding measurements, figures or time periods.

Begin every introduction with 'Nowadays,'

Show your opinion with adverbs such as unfortunately, sadly, happily.

Be objective, precise and impersonal wherever possible.

Give the source of all figures or statistics, in the form of an in-text citation.

Use only the passive voice in academic writing.

Use a specific-to-general structure in paragraphs, detail then summary.

Save space by using abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., and e.t.c..

Help your reader understand your topic by relating it to an interesting personal experience.

Abbreviations for key terms are fine provided it is made clear what the abbreviation refers to.

Support all your claims with evidence from the literature, correctly referenced.

Use personal pronouns such as I, we and you to make the reader feel involved.

Use confident language to report causal relationships.

Use cautious language when linking cause and effect to show awareness of other theories.

In order to help the reader understand your argument, give new info first then info they know.