PLANNING

Johann Heinrich von Thunen

The idea is to combine the best of rural and urban living with a focus on sustainability, social equity

Ebenezer Howard

New Urbanism

Who will NOT prepare the plan?

define the different street blocks that constitute a city and distinguish what is public

it divides the city into sectors rather than concentric zones.

t different land uses and population groups are organized in a radial pattern around the city center

is continuous and repeated process rather than a single event. Because of these, it is difficult to measure and study.

Traditional Planning Theories

Urban blocks can be defined as the space within the street pattern of a city that is subdivided into land

determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions

should include all of the costs of preparing the plan: printing, photographs, maps, graphics, mail,

The city is made of three different types of buildings.

Your community plan does not require further detailed plans for systems such as streets and sidewalks, water, and others

are small units of social organization within a larger social area, such as a city or town

Streets are the most stable element of urban form

means shape, configuration, structure, pattern, organization, and system of relations.

determined to protect the planet from degradation.

suggests that cities are more complex and dynamic than the Concentric Zone and Sector models suggest.

This theory, developed by sociologist Ernest Burgess in the 1920s

Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman (1950s)

The model suggests that social and economic activity is more concentrated in the center of the city, with lower-income

As economic wellbeing increases, the fertility level decreases.

Synoptic Planning

Planning may be considered “science” because of our reliance on technical data, and the use of scientific information

determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence.

The results of planning are contained in documents we call

maintained and improved. There is a vision, clearly stated and shared by all that describes the future of the community.

occurs at many levels, from day-to-day decisions made by individuals and families.

are largely dependent on economic considerations.

The neighborhood structures building sites and traffic on the network of interconnecting streets;

three-dimensional geometrical figure, as opposed to a shape, which is two-dimensional or flat.

is the word we use to describe how a community shapes and guides growth and development.

2. Planning Theories

has a lesser durability than the streets system

proposes that cities are composed of a series of concentric zones, each with its own characteristics and functions.

The crucial part of the process is described in

This theory, developed by Ebenezer Howard in the late 19th century

The Goals and targets will stimulate action over the next ________ years.

one of the most important elements of urban form and the most visible of these elements

plots system in a given territory is an essential element of its urbanization process

defined as the organization, arrangement or relationship of its basic elements.

decide how spaces will be used, considering the impact of development on an entire area or region.

As economic wellbeing increases, the fertility level increases.

is one of the main reasons for urbanization.

represent the spatial pattern of elements composing the city in terms of its buildings defined through its geometry

is encouraged and supported.

Public Choice Theory

Typical are theater districts, which have restaurants and bars to support and intensify their nightlife;

Ernest Burgess

is a crucial first step in the process.

. The optimal size of a neighborhood is a quarter mile from edge to edge

are professionals who facilitate decision making.

challenges the idea of a single central business district and proposes that cities have multiple centers of economic

of a city is one of the most important elements of urban form, separating the public domain and the private domain

It may consist of a single building structure or an area with several buildings that vary in size, detached structures

A capital budget is needed to outline when and where facilities will be built, and how they will be finance.

Walter Chistaller (1930s)

advocates for the creation of small, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts.

has a lower stability over time than the street and plot systems.

The neighborhood has a center and an edge

Homer Hoyt

means that people move from one city to another

design buildings; landscape architects design the surrounding physical spaces.

This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. [TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUS DEV]

Urban Planners create designs for renovations or repurposing of space within an existing building

Ineffective planning ensures that future development will occur where, when and how the community, local government want

e plots system in a given territory is an essential element of its urbanization process

the spatial pattern formed by the objects of a city, such as its buildings, public spaces, topography and waters.

Regardless of the composition, an urban block is the basic unit of a city's urban fabric and plays an important role

external form or visible shape, and internal form – structure; the distinct pattern of a city

planning may be considered “design” as we focus on the design of cities, neighborhoods, and buildings.

means the totality of an artifact’s perceivable elements and the way those elements are united.

are small units of social organization within a larger social area, such as a city or town

The specialization of a district still allows multiple activities to support its primary identity.

Planning is all about balance among competing interests and almost always involves easy tradeoffs.

The neighborhood has an imbalanced mix of activities dwelling, shopping, working, schooling, worshipping and recreating;

the way cities can be observed and understood in terms of their spatial pattern

Incremental Planning

Just City

There is a wide variety of streets, with different shapes and sizes

Corridors are linear pathways that connect places and allow for the movement of people, goods, or wildlife.

the one that offers greater resistance to a process of urban transformation, attaining a great temporal stability.

focus on the aesthetics or appearance of the building, as well as ensuring functionality, safety, and code compliance.

determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives.

is the main reason for rapid growth of mega-cities.

refers to the process of deciding what to do and how to do it.

Others accommodate large-scale transportation or manufacturing, such as airports, container, terminals and refineries.

is an urbanized area that is functionally specialized.

framework for understanding the spatial distribution of cities and the factors that influence the location and size

are protected.

is an economic model developed in the 19th century that aims to explain the spatial organization of agriculture

do not make decisions themselves; rather, they support decision-makers .

One of the fundamental responsibilities of local government is

An effective plan reflects those trade-off decisions.

is a form of geographical or spatial motion between one geographical unit and another.

buildings and the spaces between them, street layouts and open spaces, skylines and city boundaries.

densities and distributions of people, spatial relations between social groups

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. Urban areas span a wide range of sizes and forms;